bergamot oil
References
A. Verzera, G. Lamonica, L. Mondello, A. Trozzi and G. Dugo, The composition of bergamot oil. Perfum. Flavor., 21(6), 19-34 (1996).
I. Yajima, T. Yanai, M. Nakamum, H. Sakakibara and K. Hayashi, Composition of the Volatiles of Peel Oil and Juice from Citrus unshiu, Agric. BioI. Chem., 43, 259-264 (1979).
V. T. Cogiya, L. G. Kharebava, R. V. Gogiya and E. B. Gvatua, Composition of the volatile compounds in flowers of Osrnanthus fragrans (Thumb) Lour. Rastit. Resur., 22, 243-248 (1986).
Top 20 Components
All Components (406)
| # | Component | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60 | (E)-alpha-bergamotene | 0.162-0.437 | |
| 58 | (Z)-alpha-bergamotene | 0.017-0.048 | |
| 66 | bicyclogermacrene | 0.012-0.076 | |
| 67 | (Z)-alpha-bisabolene | 0.000-trace | |
| 70 | (Z)-gamma-bisabolene | 0.000-0.010 | |
| 69 | beta-bisabolene | 0.212-0.648 | |
| 76 | alpha-bisabolol | 0.007-0.030 | |
| 45 | bornyl acetate | 0.010-0.037 | |
| 4 | camphene | 0.019-0.053 | |
| 75 | campherenol | 0.007-0.023 | |
| 30 | camphor | 0.001-0.012 | |
| 11 | delta-3-carene | 0.001-0.009 | |
| 39 | carvone | 0.000-trace | |
| 59 | beta-caryophyllene | 0.154-0.524 | |
| 15 | 1,8-cineole | 0.010-0.022 | |
| 31 | citronellal | 0.005-0.030 | |
| 53 | citronellyl acetate | 0.007-0.053 | |
| 13 | para-cymene | 0.010-0.893 | |
| 35 | decanal | 0.037-0.103 | |
| 43 | 2-decenal | 0.000-0.009 | |
| 57 | decyl acetate | 0.009-0.053 | |
| 74 | 2,3-dimethyl-3-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2-norbornanol | 0.006-0.024 | |
| 56 | dodecanal | 0.002-0.055 | |
| 34 | dodecane | 0.000-0.006 | |
| 64 | dodecanol | 0.000-0.009 | |
| 51 | delta-elemene | 0.000-0.007 | |
| 68 | (E,E)-alpha-farnesene | 0.000-trace | |
| 62 | (Z)-beta-farnesene | 0.033-0.089 | |
| 44 | geranial + perillaldehyde | 0.199-0.494 | |
| 42 | geraniol | 0.000-0.010 | |
| 55 | geranyl acetate | 0.107-0.799 | |
| 71 | germacrene B | 0.000-0.001 | |
| 65 | germacrene D | 0.033-0.106 | |
| 26 | heptyl acetate | trace-0.019 | |
| 10 | hexyl acetate | 0.000-0.002 | |
| 61 | alpha-humulene | 0.009-0.045 | |
| 46 | indole | 0.000-0.009 | |
| 14 | limonene + beta-phellandrene | 25.385-53.187 | |
| 28 | (E)-limonene oxide | 0.001-0.015 | |
| 27 | (Z)-limonene oxide | 0.001-0.019 | |
| 24 | linalool | 1.745-22.681 | |
| 23 | (E)-linalool oxide | 0.000-trace | |
| 21 | (Z)-linalool oxide | 0.000-trace | |
| 41 | linalyl acetate | 15.616-41.363 | |
| 50 | linalyl propionate | 0.013-0.066 | |
| 49 | methyl geranate | 0.002-0.015 | |
| 6 | 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one | 0.001-0.009 | |
| 7 | myrcene | 0.635-1.575 | |
| 38 | neral | 0.105-0.344 | |
| 37 | nerol + citronellol | 0.010-0.111 | |
| 72 | (E)-nerolidol | 0.007-0.036 | |
| 54 | neryl acetate | 0.126-0.670 | |
| 25 | nonanal | 0.012-0.076 | |
| 48 | nonyl acetate | 0.004-0.053 | |
| 77 | nootkatone | 0.010-0.095 | |
| 17 | (E)-beta-ocimene | 0.104-0.361 | |
| 16 | (Z)-beta-ocimene | 0.011-0.068 | |
| 8 | octanal | 0.025-0.084 | |
| 20 | octanol | 0.001-0.021 | |
| 36 | octyl acetate | 0.071-0.199 | |
| 9 | alpha-phellandrene | 0.016-0.056 | |
| 3 | alpha-pinene | 0.720-1.844 | |
| 5 | beta-pinene + sabinene | 4.814-12.802 | |
| 29 | isopulegol | 0.000-0.004 | |
| 19 | (Z)-sabinene hydrate | 0.015-0.063 | |
| 40 | (E)-sabinene hydrate acetate | 0.048-0.127 | |
| 63 | (Z)-beta-santalene | 0.001-0.016 | |
| 32 | terpinen-4-ol | 0.008-0.042 | |
| 12 | alpha-terpinene | 0.081-0.282 | |
| 18 | gamma-terpinene | 5.266-11.151 | |
| 33 | alpha-terpineol | 0.030-0.126 | |
| 22 | terpinolene | 0.210-0.476 | |
| 52 | alpha-terpinyl acetate | 0.071-0.263 | |
| 73 | tetradecanal | 0.000-0.010 | |
| 2 | alpha-thujene | 0.187-0.491 | |
| 1 | tricyclene | 0.001-0.005 | |
| 47 | undecanal | 0.004-0.024 | |
| 54 | bornyl acetate | trace | |
| 23 | 2-butanol | 0.010% | |
| 20 | delta-cadinene | 0.860% | |
| 65 | carvacrol | trace | |
| 32 | trans-carveol | trace | |
| 34 | cis-carveol | trace | |
| 49 | carvone | trace | |
| 12 | caryophyllene | 0.070% | |
| 71 | 1,8-cineole | trace | |
| 44 | citronellal | 0.030% | |
| 31 | citronellol | 0.020% | |
| 37 | citronellyl acetate | 0.030% | |
| 11 | alpha-copaene | 0.060% | |
| 46 | cuminaldehyde | trace | |
| 33 | para-cymen-8-ol | trace | |
| 8 | para-cymene | 0.220% | |
| 40 | decanal | 0.080% | |
| 43 | (E)-2-decenal | trace | |
| 38 | decyl acetate | 0.010% | |
| 48 | dihydrocarvone | trace | |
| 42 | dodecanal | 0.030% | |
| 62 | dodecyl acetate | trace | |
| 13 | beta-elemene | trace | |
| 10 | delta-elemene | trace | |
| 36 | beta-elemol | 0.010% | |
| 22 | ethanol | 0.020% | |
| 51 | ethyl propionate | trace | |
| 18 | (E,E)-alpha-farnesene | 0.530% | |
| 57 | geranyl acetate | 0.110% | |
| 60 | geranyl propionate | trace | |
| 15 | germacrene D | 0.460% | |
| 52 | heptyl acetate | trace | |
| 14 | alpha-humulene | 0.100% | |
| 72 | indole | trace | |
| 29 | limonen-4-ol | 0.010% | |
| 6 | limonene | 88.390% | |
| 70 | (E)-1,2-limonene epoxide | trace | |
| 69 | (Z)-1,2-limonene epoxide | trace | |
| 27 | linalool | 0.820% | |
| 67 | (E)-linalool oxide | trace | |
| 68 | (Z)-linalool oxide | trace | |
| 59 | para-menth-1-en-9-yl acetate | trace | |
| 61 | para-menth-1,8(10)-dien-9-yl acetate | 0.030% | |
| 35 | para-mentha-1,8(10)-dien-9-ol | 0.010% | |
| 47 | methyl heptenone | trace | |
| 4 | myrcene | 1.000% | |
| 56 | neryl acetate | 0.030% | |
| 39 | nonanal | trace | |
| 55 | nonyl acetate | 0.010% | |
| 50 | nootkatone | 0.030% | |
| 19 | octanal | trace | |
| 53 | octyl acetate | 0.030% | |
| 26 | pentanol | trace | |
| 25 | 2-pentanol | 0.010% | |
| 24 | 3-pentanol | trace | |
| 45 | perillaldehyde | trace | |
| 63 | perillyl acetate | 0.010% | |
| 66 | phenol | trace | |
| 1 | alpha-pinene | 0.640% | |
| 2 | beta-pinene | 0.160% | |
| 3 | sabinene | 0.240% | |
| 17 | alpha-selinene | trace | |
| 16 | beta-selinene | trace | |
| 28 | terpinen-4-ol | 0.030% | |
| 5 | alpha-terpinene | 0.410% | |
| 7 | gamma-terpinene | 4.800% | |
| 30 | alpha-terpineol | 0.210% | |
| 9 | terpinolene | 0.130% | |
| 64 | thymol | trace | |
| 41 | undecanal | 0.010% | |
| 21 | undecane | trace | |
| 58 | undecyl acetate | trace | |
| 58 | (E)-anethole | 2.500% | |
| 87 | angelicin | 0.100% | |
| 54 | para-anisaldehyde | <0.10 | |
| 86 | para-anisyl 2-methyl butyrate | 0.100% | |
| 91 | para-anisyl hexanoate | <0.10 | |
| 70 | benzyl 2-methyl butyrate + phenethyl isobutyrate | <0.10 | |
| 88 | benzyl benzoate | <0.10 | |
| 65 | benzyl butyrate | <0.10 | |
| 83 | benzyl hexanoate | 0.100% | |
| 59 | benzyl isobutyrate | <0.10 | |
| 93 | bergapten | <0.10 | |
| 30 | butyl 2-methyl butyrate | 0.200% | |
| 19 | 2-butyl 2-methyl butyrate | 0.100% | |
| 22 | isobutyl 2-methyl butyrate | 0.300% | |
| 31 | butyl 3-methyl butyrate | 0.100% | |
| 23 | isobutyl 3-methyl butyrate | 0.100% | |
| 20 | butyl butyrate | 0.200% | |
| 13 | isobutyl butyrate | 0.200% | |
| 48 | isobutyl hexanoate | <0.10 | |
| 12 | butyl isobutyrate | 0.200% | |
| 9 | isobutyl isobutyrate | 0.200% | |
| 44 | butyl senecioate | <0.10 | |
| 36 | isobutyl senecioate | <0.10 | |
| 14 | camphene | <0.10 | |
| 62 | carvacrol | <0.01 | |
| 27 | 1,8-cineole | <0.10 | |
| 26 | para-cymene | 0.200% | |
| 52 | decanal | 0.900% | |
| 49 | (Z)-4-decenal | 0.200% | |
| 74 | decyl acetate | 0.200% | |
| 73 | dodecanal | <0.10 | |
| 89 | geranyl hexanoate | <0.10 | |
| 67 | heptyl 2-methyl butyrate | <0.10 | |
| 43 | heptyl acetate | 0.100% | |
| 61 | heptyl butyrate | <0.10 | |
| 81 | heptyl octanoate | <0.10 | |
| 2 | hexanal | <0.10 | |
| 6 | hexanol | <0.10 | |
| 55 | hexyl 2-methyl butyrate | 3.200% | |
| 56 | hexyl 3-methyl butyrate + (Z)-anethole | 0.600% | |
| 24 | hexyl acetate | 1.300% | |
| 50 | hexyl butyrate | 17.000% | |
| 71 | hexyl hexanoate | 5.200% | |
| 47 | hexyl isobutyrate | 2.400% | |
| 60 | hexyl pentanoate + (Z)-4-octen-1-yl propionate | <0.10 | |
| 40 | hexyl propionate | 0.400% | |
| 28 | limonene | <0.10 | |
| 39 | linalool | 0.400% | |
| 41 | 2-methyl butyl 2-methyl butyrate | 0.100% | |
| 42 | 2-methyl butyl 3-methyl butyrate | <0.01 | |
| 32 | 3-methyl butyl butyrate | <0.10 | |
| 33 | 2-methyl butyl butyrate + (Z)-4-octen-1-ol | 0.400% | |
| 57 | 2-methyl butyl hexanoate | 0.100% | |
| 25 | 2-methyl butyl isobutyrate | 0.100% | |
| 16 | 2-methyl butyl propionate | <0.10 | |
| 45 | methyl octanoate | <0.01 | |
| 82 | myristicin | 0.100% | |
| 38 | nonanal | <0.10 | |
| 64 | nonyl acetate | <0.10 | |
| 21 | octanal | 1.000% | |
| 35 | octanol | 0.300% | |
| 75 | (Z)-4-octen-1-yl 2-methyl butyrate | 0.200% | |
| 76 | (Z)-4-octen-1-yl 3-methyl butyrate + phenethyl butyate | 0.100% | |
| 51 | (Z)-4-octen-1-yl acetate | 5.600% | |
| 69 | (Z)-4-octen-1-yl butyrate | 0.600% | |
| 84 | (Z)-4-octen-1-yl hexanoate | 0.500% | |
| 66 | (Z)-4-octen-1-yl isobutyrate | 0.100% | |
| 90 | (Z)-4-octen-1-yl octanoate | <0.10 | |
| 79 | (Z)-4-octen-1-yl pentanoate | 0.300% | |
| 77 | octyl 2-methyl butyrate | 2.200% | |
| 78 | octyl 3-methyl butyrate | 0.200% | |
| 53 | octyl acetate | 31.500% | |
| 72 | octyl butyrate | 3.200% | |
| 46 | octyl formate | <0.01 | |
| 85 | octyl hexanoate | 10.200% | |
| 68 | octyl isobutyrate | 1.300% | |
| 92 | octyl octanoate | 0.100% | |
| 63 | octyl propionate | 0.200% | |
| 80 | 2-phenethyl 2-methyl butyrate | 0.200% | |
| 10 | alpha-pinene | 0.100% | |
| 18 | beta-pinene | <0.10 | |
| 1 | prenol | <0.10 | |
| 37 | prenyl butyrate | <0.10 | |
| 7 | isopropyl 2-methyl butyrate | 0.500% | |
| 11 | propyl 3-methyl butyrate | <0.10 | |
| 8 | isopropyl 3-methyl butyrate | 0.400% | |
| 4 | isopropyl butyrate | <0.10 | |
| 29 | isopropyl hexanoate | <0.01 | |
| 5 | propyl isobutyrate | <0.10 | |
| 3 | isopropyl isobutyrate | 0.200% | |
| 15 | isopropyl senecioate | 0.100% | |
| 17 | sabinene | <0.10 | |
| 34 | gamma-terpinene | 0.300% | |
| 96 | amyl benzoate | 0.040% | |
| 32 | amyl butyrate | 0.030% | |
| 36 | amyl isovalerate | 0.008% | |
| 104 | amyl salicylate | trace | |
| 80 | anethole | 0.060% | |
| 107 | anisyl acetate | 0.003% | |
| 51 | benzaldehyde | 0.190% | |
| 70 | benzyl acetate | 0.080% | |
| 87 | benzyl alcohol | 0.190% | |
| 86 | benzyl butyrate | trace | |
| 50 | benzyl formate | 0.020% | |
| 59 | bornyl acetate | 0.160% | |
| 15 | butanal | trace | |
| 31 | butyl benzene | trace | |
| 21 | butyl butyrate | 0.020% | |
| 95 | butyl phenyl acetate | 0.120% | |
| 62 | butyric acid | trace | |
| 8 | camphene | trace | |
| 52 | camphor | trace | |
| 16 | delta-3-carene | trace | |
| 119 | carvacrol | trace | |
| 71 | carvone | trace | |
| 20 | 1,8-cineole | 0.300% | |
| 75 | citronellol | trace | |
| 103 | meta-cresol | trace | |
| 102 | para-cresol | trace | |
| 26 | para-cymene | trace | |
| 113 | delta-decalactone | trace | |
| 106 | gamma-decalactone | 11.700% | |
| 29 | decanal | trace | |
| 117 | decanoic acid | 0.050% | |
| 74 | decanol | 9.200% | |
| 66 | decyl acetate | 0.080% | |
| 130 | dibutyl phthalate | 0.390% | |
| 84 | dihydrojasmone | trace | |
| 89 | 2,6-dimethyl phenol | 0.280% | |
| 111 | docosane | 0.030% | |
| 124 | gamma-dodecalactone | 0.210% | |
| 49 | dodecanal | 0.050% | |
| 97 | eicosane | 0.040% | |
| 2 | ethyl acetate | 0.060% | |
| 13 | ethyl benzene | 0.020% | |
| 43 | ethyl decanoate | 0.030% | |
| 22 | ethyl hexanoate | 0.004% | |
| 101 | ethyl myristate | trace | |
| 77 | ethyl salicylate | trace | |
| 108 | eugenol | 1.900% | |
| 121 | (E)-isoeugenol | 0.020% | |
| 114 | (Z)-isoeugenol | 0.020% | |
| 120 | farnesol | 0.180% | |
| 45 | furfural | trace | |
| 72 | geranial | trace | |
| 83 | geraniol | 0.070% | |
| 73 | geranyl acetate | trace | |
| 68 | geranyl formate + dodecanal | 0.080% | |
| 105 | heneicosane | trace | |
| 17 | heptanal | trace | |
| 94 | heptanoic acid | trace | |
| 9 | 2-heptanol + hexanal | 0.020% | |
| 38 | heptyl acetate | trace | |
| 33 | heptyl formate | 0.010% | |
| 88 | heptyl isovalerate | trace | |
| 37 | hexanal | 0.010% | |
| 81 | hexanoic acid | 0.050% | |
| 39 | (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol | 0.120% | |
| 42 | hexyl butyrate | trace | |
| 35 | hexyl propionate | trace | |
| 110 | hexyl salicylate | 0.007% | |
| 53 | hexyl valerate | trace | |
| 82 | alpha-ionone | 0.860% | |
| 92 | beta-ionone | 5.850% | |
| 116 | jasmolactone | trace | |
| 93 | (Z)-jasmone | 0.020% | |
| 128 | lauric acid | 0.020% | |
| 18 | limonene | trace | |
| 55 | linalool | 2.360% | |
| 44 | (E)-linalool oxide furanoid | 14.600% | |
| 46 | (Z)-linalool oxide furanoid | 21.100% | |
| 56 | linalyl acetate | trace | |
| 91 | methyl alpha-ionone + quinoline | 0.070% | |
| 19 | 3-methyl butanol | 0.050% | |
| 60 | methyl decanoate | trace | |
| 118 | methyl dihydrojasmonate | trace | |
| 78 | methyl dodecanoate | 0.030% | |
| 58 | 5-methyl furfural | trace | |
| 48 | methyl nonanoate | 0.090% | |
| 127 | methyl oleate | 0.160% | |
| 112 | methyl palmitate | 0.070% | |
| 34 | 2-methyl-2-hepten-6-one | 0.020% | |
| 4 | 4-methyl-2-pentenol | trace | |
| 14 | 4-methyl-3-penten-2-one | trace | |
| 131 | myristic acid | 0.030% | |
| 99 | nerolidol | 0.210% | |
| 98 | gamma-nonalactone | 0.040% | |
| 40 | nonanal | 0.110% | |
| 63 | nonanol | 0.700% | |
| 100 | octanoic acid | 0.110% | |
| 57 | octanol | 0.020% | |
| 28 | 2-octanone | trace | |
| 47 | octyl acetate | trace | |
| 69 | octyl valerate | 0.020% | |
| 132 | palmitic acid | 0.710% | |
| 3 | pentanal | 0.003% | |
| 24 | pentenal | trace | |
| 79 | 2-phenethyl acetate | trace | |
| 90 | 2-phenethyl alcohol + nonadecane | 0.190% | |
| 76 | 2-phenethyl formate | 0.010% | |
| 65 | phenyl acetaldehyde | trace | |
| 5 | alpha-pinene | trace | |
| 11 | beta-pinene | trace | |
| 1 | propanal | trace | |
| 7 | propanol | 0.010% | |
| 54 | propionic acid | 0.020% | |
| 12 | sabinene | trace | |
| 85 | safrole | 0.020% | |
| 122 | alpha-santalol | 0.030% | |
| 126 | beta-santalol | 0.020% | |
| 25 | styrene | trace | |
| 61 | terpinen-4-ol | 0.060% | |
| 23 | gamma-terpinene | 0.200% | |
| 67 | alpha-terpineol | 0.070% | |
| 27 | terpinolene | 0.060% | |
| 125 | tetracosane | 0.020% | |
| 41 | tetradecane | trace | |
| 109 | thymol | 0.230% | |
| 6 | toluene | trace | |
| 30 | tridecane | trace | |
| 115 | gamma-undecalactone | trace | |
| 10 | undecane | 0.008% | |
| 123 | undecanoic acid | 3.100% | |
| 64 | isovaleric acid | trace | |
| 129 | vanillin | 0.080% | |
| 31 | beta-bisabolene | 13.490% | |
| 12 | borneol | 0.480% | |
| 19 | bornyl acetate | 0.230% | |
| 30 | gamma-cadinene | 4.510% | |
| 3 | camphene | 3.880% | |
| 11 | camphor | 0.100% | |
| 26 | beta-caryophyllene | 0.440% | |
| 29 | alpha-cedrene | 3.390% | |
| 8 | 1,8-cineole | 4.000% | |
| 15 | citronellol | 0.210% | |
| 22 | citronellyl acetate | 0.290% | |
| 28 | ar-curcumene | 26.310% | |
| 7 | para-cymene | 0.130% | |
| 24 | beta-elemene | 0.810% | |
| 21 | delta-elemene | 0.100% | |
| 18 | geranial | 2.930% | |
| 17 | geraniol | 0.300% | |
| 23 | geranyl acetate | 2.920% | |
| 27 | beta-gurjunene | 0.580% | |
| 9 | heptyl acetate | 0.100% | |
| 10 | linalool | 0.460% | |
| 1 | 5-methyl-2-hexanol | 0.100% | |
| 5 | 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one | 0.370% | |
| 6 | myrcene | 0.120% | |
| 16 | neral | 1.340% | |
| 32 | nerolidol | 0.920% | |
| 2 | alpha-pinene | 1.040% | |
| 4 | beta-pinene | 0.140% | |
| 13 | terpinen-4-ol | 0.100% | |
| 14 | alpha-terpineol | 0.370% | |
| 20 | 2-undecanone | 0.210% | |
| 25 | zingiberene | 0.280% |