bergamot oil

gc1004392
Essential Oil 535 components

References

Y-Z. Huang, Y-H. Cao, Q-Y. Chen and Y-L. Wu, Studies on the chemical components of essential oil from the leaves of Citrus junos (Sieb) Tan cv. louhancherg Hort. Chemistry Industry Forest Prod., 13, 165-168 (1993).
P&F 24, No. 6, 45, (1999)
E. J. Brunke, F. J. Hammerschmidt and G. Schmaus, Head-space analysis of hyacinth flowers Fla.. Fragr J., 9, 56-69 (1994).
P&F 20, No. 6, 35, (1995)
G. Della Porta, E. Reverchon, D. Chouchi and D. Barth, Mandarin and lime peel oil processing by supercritical CO2 desorption:deterpenation and high molecular weight compounds elimination. J. Essent. Oil Res., 9, 519-522 (1997).
P&F 26, No. 1, 36, (2001)
P&F 26, No. 1, 36, (2001)
G. Della Porta, E. Reverchon, D. Chouchi and D. Barth, Mandarin and lime peel oil processing by supercritical CO2 desorption:deterpenation and high molecular weight compounds elimination. J. Essent. Oil Res., 9, 519-522 (1997).
P&F 26, No. 1, 36, (2001)
R. Kaiser, New volatile constituents of the flower concrete of Michelia champaca L. In: Proceedings of 11th International Congress of Essential Oils, Fragrances and Flavours. Edits., S. C. Bhattacharyya, N. Sen and K. L. Sethi, p. 1-13, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi (1989).
P&F 25, No. 4, 55, (2000)
A. DiGiacomo, I. Calvarano, M. Calvarano and G. Belmusto, Petitgrain di limone: composizione e technologie. Essenze Deriv. Agrum., 55, 251-267(1985).
P&F 18, No. 5, 43, (1993)

Top 20 Components

All Components (535)

# Component %
3 camphene trace
26 beta-caryophyllene 0.39-0.55
16 citronellal 0.28-0.30
9 para-cymene 0.71-1.09
19 decanal 0.07-0.12
25 beta-elemene 0.19-0.39
31 elemol 0.03-0.04
32 beta-eudesmol 0.15-0.21
29 alpha-farnesene 0.050%
23 geranyl acetate 0.14-0.17
27 alpha-humulene 0.13-0.14
10 limonene 15.14-18.98
15 linalool 0.19-0.21
20 linalyl acetate 0.07-0.08
24 methyl N-methyl anthranilate 45.36-58.50
28 gamma-muurolene 0.11-0.15
6 myrcene 0.55-0.82
30 nerolidol 0.23-0.28
22 neryl acetate 0.07-0.14
11 (E)-beta-ocimene 3.42-5.14
13 octanol trace-0.03
7 alpha-phellandrene 0.27-0.36
2 alpha-pinene 0.68-1.62
5 beta-pinene 0.86-1.56
4 sabinene 0.24-0.33
17 terpinen-4-ol 0.05-0.06
8 alpha-terpinene 0.08-0.12
12 gamma-terpinene 13.62-18.46
18 alpha-terpineol 0.05-0.06
14 terpinolene 0.42-0.52
1 alpha-thujene 0.25-0.63
21 undecanal 0.07-0.08
34 benzaldehyde 0.21-0.27
47 benzyl acetate 36..84-44.24
52 benzyl alcohol 1.78-1.95
73 benzyl benzoate 2.94-3.06
63 benzyl tiglate 0.80-0.13
33 2-sec-butyl-3-methoxypyrazine trace
35 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine trace
2 camphene 0.01-0.05
39 beta-caryophyllene 0.020%
11 1,8-cineole 0.010%
59 cinnamaldehyde trace
65 cinnamyl acetate 0.21-0.32
70 (E)-cinnamyl alcohol 3.46-4.04
67 (Z)-cinnamyl alcohol trace
56 creosol 0.02-0.04
17 para-cymene 0.05-0.56
32 decanal 0.01-0.02
68 elemicin 0.29-0.32
44 ethyl benzoate 0.05-0.09
66 eugenol 1.57-1.68
42 (E)-beta-farnesene 0.00-trace
46 (Z,E)-alpha-farnesene trace-0.03
3 hexanal 0.020%
23 hexanol 0.03-0.04
25 (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol 0.76-2.66
28 (E)-2-hexen-1-ol 0.020%
24 (E)-3-hexen-1-ol 0.03-0.08
21 (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate 0.02-0.05
64 (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl benzoate trace
31 (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl butyrate 0.00-0.01
15 (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl formate 0.04-0.19
43 (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl tiglate 0.32-0.48
16 hexyl acetate trace-0.01
48 hydroquinone dimethyl ether + (E,E)-alpha-farnesene 3.80-3.94
72 indole 0.05-0.08
9 limonene 0.53-1.00
36 linalool 0.030%
71 2-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethyl alcohol 0.00-trace
4 2-methyl (E)-2-butenal 0.010%
60 methyl 2-methoxybenzoate 0.01-0.10
27 4-methyl anisole 0.01-0.02
69 methyl anthranilate 0.02-0.03
40 methyl benzoate 0.09-0.10
57 methyl eugenol 1.12-1.40
62 methyl N-methyl anthranilate trace
49 methyl salicylate 0.04-0.07
22 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one 0.01-0.03
7 myrcene 1.80-2.05
26 nonanal 0.01-0.03
13 (E)-beta-ocimene 13.72-14.93
12 (Z)-beta-ocimene 0.75-1.01
19 octanal 0.02-0.05
37 octanol 0.040%
14 3-octanone 0.02-0.03
30 1-octen-3-ol 0.66-1.30
20 1-octen-3-one 0.010%
6 1-penten-3-ol 0.01-0.02
8 alpha-phellandrene trace-0.01
10 beta-phellandrene 0.010%
51 2-phenethyl acetate 1.62-2.48
53 2-phenethyl alcohol 8.96-16.39
74 2-phenethyl benzoate 0.40-0.53
50 2-phenethyl formate trace
41 phenyl acetaldehyde 0.02-0.05
55 3-phenyl propyl acetate 0.05-0.06
58 3-phenyl propyl alcohol 0.81-0.86
1 alpha-picoline 0.08-0.16
5 gamma-picoline 0.05-0.06
29 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine trace
45 alpha-terpineol 0.00-0.04
18 terpinolene 0.010%
61 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene 1.12-1.26
38 2-undecanone 0.16-0.17
1 alpha-thujene 0.910%
2 alpha-pinene 2.290%
3 camphene 0.050%
4 beta-pinene 1.880%
5 myrcene 1.730%
6 delta-2-carene 0.020%
7 alpha-phellandrene 0.480%
8 para-cymene 4.250%
9 limonene 66.410%
10 (E)-beta-ocimene 0.030%
11 (Z)-beta-ocimene 0.010%
12 gamma-terpinene 19.170%
13 terpinolene 1.380%
14 para-mentha-1,3,8-triene trace
15 gamma-terpineol 0.010%
16 (Z)-para-menth-2-en-1-ol trace
17 linalool 0.130%
18 (Z)-sabinene hydrate trace
19 (Z)-beta-terpineol trace
20 isopulegol trace
21 (E)-beta-terpineol trace
22 terpinen-4-ol 0.040%
23 alpha-terpineol 0.120%
24 citronellol trace
25 hexanol 0.020%
26 3-octanol 0.120%
27 decanol 0.030%
28 benzaldehyde 0.020%
29 3-methyl benzaldehyde trace
30 nonanal trace
31 geranial trace
32 perillaldehyde trace
33 terpinen-4-yl acetate 0.100%
34 methyl N-methyl anthranilate 0.500%
35 thymol trace
36 beta-caryophyllene 0.080%
37 alpha-humulene trace
38 beta-selinene trace
39 alpha-farnesene 0.300%
40 delta-cadinene trace
3 camphene 0.010%
30 beta-caryophyllene 0.060%
16 citronellal 0.040%
26 decanal 0.110%
32 farnesene 0.040%
22 geranial 0.070%
21 geraniol 0.030%
31 alpha-humulene 0.030%
10 limonene 73.580%
15 linalool 0.190%
29 methyl N-methyl anthranilate 0.480%
6 myrcene 1.730%
20 neral trace
19 nerol 0.040%
25 nonanal 0.010%
28 nonanol trace
12 (E)-beta-ocimene 0.020%
11 (Z)-beta-ocimene trace
24 octanal 0.080%
27 octanol 0.020%
7 alpha-phellandrene 0.060%
9 beta-phellandrene 0.390%
2 alpha-pinene 1.790%
5 beta-pinene 1.360%
4 sabinene 0.220%
33 alpha-sinensal 0.140%
17 terpinen-4-ol 0.200%
8 alpha-terpinene 0.400%
13 gamma-terpinene 16.680%
18 alpha-terpineol 0.380%
14 terpinolene 0.780%
1 alpha-thujene 0.660%
23 thymol 0.110%
1 alpha-thujene 0.640%
2 alpha-pinene 1.780%
3 camphene 0.020%
4 sabinene 0.170%
5 beta-pinene 1.410%
6 octanal 0.060%
7 myrcene 1.710%
8 alpha-phellandrene 0.070%
9 delta-3-carene trace
10 alpha-terpinene 0.240%
11 beta-phellandrene 0.520%
12 para-cymene 0.230%
13 limonene 72.710%
14 (Z)-beta-ocimene trace
15 (E)-beta-ocimene 0.020%
16 gamma-terpinene 17.170%
17 octanol 0.030%
18 terpinolene 0.820%
19 nonanal 0.020%
20 linalool 0.160%
21 citronellal 0.020%
22 terpinen-4-ol 0.270%
23 alpha-terpineol 0.370%
24 decanal 0.110%
25 nerol 0.070%
26 neral trace
27 geraniol 0.030%
28 geranial 0.080%
29 thymol 0.020%
30 methyl N-methyl anthranilate 0.460%
31 beta-caryophyllene 0.060%
32 alpha-humulene 0.020%
33 (E,E)-alpha-farnesene 0.050%
28 benzaldehyde 0.020%
40 delta-cadinene trace
3 camphene 0.050%
6 delta-2-carene 0.020%
36 beta-caryophyllene 0.080%
24 citronellol trace
8 para-cymene 4.250%
27 decanol 0.030%
39 alpha-farnesene 0.300%
31 geranial trace
25 hexanol 0.020%
37 alpha-humulene trace
9 limonene 66.410%
17 linalool 0.130%
16 (Z)-para-menth-2-en-1-ol trace
14 para-mentha-1,3,8-triene trace
29 3-methyl benzaldehyde trace
34 methyl N-methyl anthranilate 0.500%
5 myrcene 1.730%
30 nonanal trace
10 (E)-beta-ocimene 0.030%
11 (Z)-beta-ocimene 0.010%
26 3-octanol 0.120%
32 perillaldehyde trace
7 alpha-phellandrene 0.480%
2 alpha-pinene 2.290%
4 beta-pinene 1.880%
20 isopulegol trace
18 (Z)-sabinene hydrate trace
38 beta-selinene trace
22 terpinen-4-ol 0.040%
33 terpinen-4-yl acetate 0.100%
12 gamma-terpinene 19.170%
21 (E)-beta-terpineol trace
19 (Z)-beta-terpineol trace
23 alpha-terpineol 0.120%
15 gamma-terpineol 0.010%
13 terpinolene 1.380%
1 alpha-thujene 0.910%
35 thymol trace
52 isoamyl benzoate 0.050%
36 5-amyl-3,4-dimethyl isoxazole 0.030%
37 3-amyl-4,5-dimethyl isoxazole 0.020%
244 (E)-anethole trace
140 benzaldehyde 0.030%
73 (E+Z)-benzaldoxime 0.100%
159 benzoic acid 0.200%
216 benzyl (Z)-3-hexenoate 0.010%
212 benzyl 2-methyl butyrate trace
25 benzyl acetate 0.600%
38 benzyl alcohol 2.000%
90 benzyl benzoate 1.000%
211 benzyl butyrate trace
21 benzyl formate 0.100%
213 benzyl isovalerate 0.030%
240 benzyl methyl ether trace
217 benzyl phenyl acetate 0.200%
218 benzyl phenyl propionate 0.100%
209 benzyl propionate trace
215 benzyl tiglate 0.020%
214 benzyl valerate 0.040%
122 borneol 0.100%
203 bornyl acetate 0.030%
168 bovolide 0.010%
210 butyl benzoate trace
101 beta-caryophyllene 0.030%
64 caryophyllene oxide 0.200%
4 1,8-cineole 0.030%
75 cinnamic alcohol 0.300%
143 cinnamic aldehyde 0.020%
251 cinnamic aldehyde oxime 0.010%
256 cinnamonitrile trace
71 (E)-cinnamyl acetate 0.100%
231 cinnamyl benzoate 0.050%
228 cinnamyl formate 0.010%
229 cinnamyl isovalerate 0.010%
230 cinnamyl tiglate 0.050%
172 coumarin 0.010%
134 creosol 0.020%
133 para-cresol trace
57 cubenol 0.040%
53 epi-cubenol 0.020%
139 beta-cyclocitral trace
169 decan-5-olide trace
118 decanol 0.050%
170 (Z)-7-decen-5-olide trace
154 dehydro-beta-ionone 0.100%
155 dehydro-beta-ionone 5,6-epoxide trace
91 3-oxo-dihydro-alpha-ionol 0.050%
45 dihydro-alpha-ionone 0.010%
87 3-oxo-dihydro-alpha-ionone 0.100%
82 (E+Z)-dihydro-alpha-ionone oxime 0.200%
60 dihydro-beta-ionol 0.400%
93 3-oxo-dihydro-beta-ionol 0.200%
129 dihydro-beta-ionol 5,6-epoxide 0.010%
46 dihydro-beta-ionone 0.300%
157 4-oxo-dihydro-beta-ionone 0.050%
83 (E+Z)-dihydro-beta-ionone oxime 0.400%
50 dihydro-beta-ionyl formate 0.020%
171 dihydroactinidiolide 0.030%
74 dihydrobovolide 0.020%
61 7-oxo-dihydrotheaspirane a1 0.030%
67 7-oxo-dihydrotheaspirane a2 0.030%
62 7-oxo-dihydrotheaspirane b1 0.020%
68 7-oxo-dihydrotheaspirane b2 0.020%
167 2,3-dimethyl-2-nonen-4-olide 0.020%
120 (E)-6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-ol trace
130 5,8-epidioxy-6-megastigmen-9-ol trace
153 2,3-epoxy-2,6,6-trimethyl cyclohexan-1,4-dione trace
184 ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-methyl valerate 0.010%
178 ethyl 2-methyl butyrate trace
179 ethyl 3-methyl butyrate trace
22 ethyl benzoate 0.500%
177 ethyl butyrate 0.010%
181 ethyl caproate trace
196 ethyl caprylate trace
233 ethyl cinnamate trace
238 ethyl nicotinate 0.030%
183 ethyl tiglate trace
69 eugenol 0.300%
77 isoeugenol 0.100%
43 (E,E)-alpha-farnesene 0.800%
125 (E,E)-farnesol 0.200%
138 geranial 0.010%
158 geranic acid 0.100%
124 geraniol 0.020%
207 geranyl acetate trace
48 (E)-geranyl acetone 0.040%
206 geranyl formate trace
127 geranyl linalool 0.300%
103 germacrene D 0.100%
149 2-heptadecanone 0.010%
107 heptanol 0.010%
252 heptanonitrile trace
255 hexadecanonitrile trace
9 hexanol 0.020%
106 (E)-2-hexenal trace
10 (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol 0.010%
7 (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate 0.010%
192 (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate trace
191 (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl benzoate 0.050%
189 (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl butyrate trace
188 (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl formate trace
190 (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl tiglate 0.020%
186 hexyl acetate trace
187 hexyl benzoate 0.050%
185 hexyl formate trace
102 alpha-humulene trace
136 para-hydroxyanisole trace
78 indole 4.000%
55 (E)-beta-ionol 0.030%
156 4-oxo-beta-ionol 0.050%
51 alpha-ionol 0.100%
128 beta-ionol 5,6-epoxide trace
47 (E)-alpha-ionone 0.030%
54 (E)-beta-ionone 0.200%
56 beta-ionone 5,7-epoxide 0.100%
86 (E)-alpha-ionone oxime 0.500%
89 (E)-beta-ionone oxime 0.900%
85 (Z)-alpha-ionone oxime 0.200%
88 (Z)-beta-ionone oxime 0.300%
208 beta-ionyl formate trace
49 (Z)-jasmone 0.050%
249 jasmone oxime 0.020%
3 limonene trace
16 linalool 0.800%
12 (Z)-linalool oxide furanoid 0.200%
35 (E)-linalool oxide pyranoid 0.200%
31 (Z)-linalool oxide pyranoid 2.500%
163 linoleic acid 1.000%
164 linolenic acid 0.500%
193 methyl (E)-2-hexenoate trace
26 methyl (E)-3-methyl-4-decenoate 0.020%
80 methyl (E)-jasmonate 0.140%
194 methyl (Z)-3-hexenoate trace
201 methyl (Z)-3-methyl-4-decenoate 0.010%
200 methyl (Z)-4-decenoate 0.020%
79 methyl (Z)-jasmonate 0.060%
11 methyl 2-hydroxy-3-methyl butyrate 0.010%
13 methyl 2-hydroxy-3-methyl valerate 0.020%
175 methyl 2-methyl butyrate 0.010%
176 methyl 3-methyl butyrate 0.010%
234 methyl 5-phenyl valerate 0.020%
239 4-methyl anisole trace
72 methyl anthranilate 9.000%
17 methyl benzoate 5.000%
104 2-methyl butanol 0.010%
105 3-methyl butanol trace
14 (E+Z)-2-methyl butyraldoxime 0.020%
15 (E+Z)-3-methyl butyraldoxime 0.020%
174 methyl butyrate trace
1 2-methyl butyronitrile trace
199 methyl caprinate trace
180 methyl caproate trace
195 methyl caprylate 0.020%
232 methyl cinnamate 0.050%
242 methyl eugenol 0.100%
204 methyl geranate 0.050%
173 methyl isobutyrate trace
243 methyl isoeugenol 0.200%
250 (Z)-methyl jasmonate oxime 0.020%
202 methyl laurate 0.150%
94 methyl linoleate 2.010%
96 methyl linolenate 0.500%
236 methyl N-acetyl anthranilate 0.100%
65 methyl N-ethyl anthranilate 0.020%
237 methyl N-formyl anthranilate 0.100%
63 methyl N-methyl anthranilate 0.050%
28 methyl nicotinate 0.150%
81 methyl palmitate 0.200%
32 methyl phenyl acetate 0.100%
34 methyl salicylate 0.150%
92 methyl stearate 0.200%
182 methyl tiglate trace
235 methyl vanillate 0.010%
5 2-methyl-1-nitrobutane trace
146 (E)-3-methyl-2-nonen-4-one trace
119 (E)-3-methyl-4-decen-1-ol 0.020%
41 (E)-3-methyl-4-decen-1-ol 0.020%
58 3-methyl-5-(2,6,6-trimethyl cyclohex-1-en-1-yl) isoxazole 0.040%
8 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one 0.020%
44 (E+Z)-6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one oxime 0.030%
99 myrcene trace
137 neral trace
123 nerol 0.010%
70 (E)-nerolidol 0.400%
205 neryl formate trace
59 1-nitro-2-phenethane 0.100%
165 nonan-4-olide trace
114 nonanol 0.030%
145 2-nonanone 0.020%
247 2-nonanone oxime 0.010%
117 (Z,Z)-3,6-nonen-1-ol 0.020%
115 (Z)-3-nonen-1-ol trace
116 (Z)-6-nonen-1-ol trace
198 (Z)-6-nonen-1-yl acetate 0.010%
166 2-nonen-4-olide trace
6 (E)-beta-ocimene 0.200%
100 (Z)-beta-ocimene 0.020%
113 (E,E)-2,4-octadien-1-ol trace
112 (Z,Z)-2,5-octadien-1-ol 0.010%
108 octanol 0.050%
144 3-octanone 0.010%
246 3-octanone oxime trace
253 octanonitrile trace
110 (E)-2-octen-1-ol trace
109 (Z)-2-octen-1-ol trace
111 (Z)-5-octen-1-ol 0.010%
197 (Z)-5-octen-1-yl acetate 0.050%
161 palmitic acid 0.200%
148 2-pentadecanone 0.010%
39 2-phenethyl acetate 0.300%
42 2-phenethyl alcohol 30.000%
95 2-phenethyl benzoate 0.500%
220 2-phenethyl butyrate 0.010%
223 2-phenethyl caproate 0.050%
224 2-phenethyl caprylate 0.050%
33 2-phenethyl formate 0.300%
219 2-phenethyl isobutyrate trace
221 2-phenethyl isovalerate 0.020%
241 2-phenethyl methyl ether trace
225 2-phenethyl phenyl acetate 0.200%
222 2-phenethyl tiglate 0.020%
132 phenol trace
141 phenyl acetaldehyde 0.020%
76 (E+Z)-phenyl acetaldoxime 1.000%
23 (E+Z)-phenyl acetaldoxime-O-methyl ether 0.010%
160 phenyl acetic acid 0.200%
142 phenyl propionaldehyde trace
227 3-phenyl propyl acetate 0.050%
131 3-phenyl propyl alcohol 0.020%
226 3-phenyl propyl formate 0.050%
126 phytol 0.300%
97 alpha-pinene trace
2 beta-pinene 0.010%
98 sabinene trace
245 safrole trace
162 stearic acid 0.500%
121 terpinen-4-ol 0.030%
27 alpha-terpineol 0.100%
254 tetradecanonitrile trace
84 4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-4,4,7-trimethyl-2(3H)-naphthalenone 0.050%
19 1,2,5,5-tetramethyl octahydroquinoline 0.020%
66 1,3,7,7-tetramethyl-2-oxabicyclo(4.4.0)decan-9-one 0.030%
29 2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1(5H)-1-benzopyran 0.200%
18 theaspirane A 0.020%
20 theaspirane B 0.020%
147 2-tridecanone 0.020%
152 2,6,6-trimethyl cyclohexan-1,4-dione 0.010%
150 6,10,14-trimethyl pentadecan-2-one 0.200%
248 6,10,14-trimethyl pentadecan-2-one oxime 0.050%
151 2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1,4-dione 0.050%
30 2,5,5-trimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline 0.010%
24 2-undecanone 0.010%
135 para-vinyl phenol trace
28 bisabolene 0.870%
2 camphene 0.360%
6 delta-3-carene trace
25 beta-caryophyllene 2.080%
15 citronellal 2.360%
9 para-cymene trace
17 decanal 0.330%
22 geranial 38.970%
23 geraniol 2.100%
27 geranyl acetate trace
7 limonene 11.260%
16 linalool 1.540%
19 linalyl acetate + citronellol trace
10 methyl heptenone 0.380%
29 methyl N-methyl anthranilate 0.250%
5 myrcene 0.530%
20 neral 24.950%
26 nerol 5.340%
14 nonanal 0.400%
8 beta-ocimene 0.090%
13 octyl acetate 0.030%
1 alpha-pinene 0.150%
3 beta-pinene 4.520%
4 sabinene trace
18 terpinen-4-ol 0.040%
11 gamma-terpinene 0.790%
21 alpha-terpineol 1.090%
12 terpinolene 0.010%
24 alpha-terpinyl acetate 7.300%