alpinia galanga oil

gc1005011
Essential Oil 455 components

References

P&F 11, No. 1, 29, (1986)
P&F 19, No. 4, 33, (1994)
P&F 23, No. 1, 39, (1998)
B. C. Gulati, Essential oils of cinnamomum species in Cultivation and Utilization of Aromatic Plants. Edit. C. K. Atal and B. M. Kapur, R. R. L., Council of Scientific & Indust. Research (1982).
P&F 8, No. 4, 65, (1983)
F. Tateo and F. Chizzini, The Composition and Quality of Supercntical CO2 Extracted Cinnamon. J. Essent. Oil Res., 1, 165-168 ( 1989).
P&F 19, No. 3, 59, (1994)
The seasonal variation in the composition of cinnamon leaf oil produced from leaves harvested at different times of the year was studied by Kaul et al. (1996). They found that oil produced from leaves harvested either in the summer or in the winter possessed comparable chemical compositions, whereas an oil produced from leaves harvested in the rainy season had a reduced level of eugenol and an increased level of eugenyl acetate (Table VIII).
P. N. Kaul, A. K. Battacharya and B. R. Rajeswara Rae, Seasonal variation in the composition of the essential oil of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) leaves. Indian Perfum., 40(2), 36-38 (1996).
P&F 22, No. 5, 71, (1997)
Using GC (retention indices) Bouzid et al. (1997) analyzed an oil of cinnamon bark. The compounds identified were as follows:
P&F 23, No. 1, 39, (1998)
M. Copalakrishnan, C. S. Narayman and A. G. Mathew, Chemical composition of Indian clove bud, stem and leaf oils. Indian Perfum., 32(3), 229-235 (1988).
P&F 19, No. 5, 83, (1994)
M. Copalakrishnan, C. S. Narayman and A. G. Mathew, Chemical composition of Indian clove bud, stem and leaf oils. Indian Perfum., 32(3), 229-235 (1988).
P&F 19, No. 5, 83, (1994)
M. Copalakrishnan, C. S. Narayman and A. G. Mathew, Chemical composition of Indian clove bud, stem and leaf oils. Indian Perfum., 32(3), 229-235 (1988).
P&F 19, No. 5, 83, (1994)
In 1991, Tucker et al. analyzed the chemical composition of two commercial samples of the leaf oil of Pimenta racemosa (Miller) J. Moore var. racemosa using both GC and GC/MS. The components that were identified were as follows:
A. Tucker, M. J. Macirarello, R. P. Adams, L. R. Landrum and T. A. Zanoni, Volatile leaf oils of Caribbean Myrtaceae 1. Three varieties of Pimenta racemosa (Miller) J. Moore of the Dominican Republic and the commerciai bay oil. J. Essent. Oil Res., 3, 323-329 (1991).
P&F 22, No. 6, 45, (1997)
P&F 25, No. 6, 32, (2000)
P&F 24, No. 3, 47, (1999)

Top 20 Components

All Components (455)

# Component %
24 alpha-bergamotene 10.700%
30 beta-bisabolene 16.200%
12 borneol trace
17 bornyl acetate 2.500%
2 camphene 0.500%
23 caryophyllene 0.900%
33 caryophyllene oxide 2.500%
16 chavicol 0.200%
19 chavicyl acetate 1.000%
7 1,8-cineole 5.500%
20 citronellyl acetate 1.600%
22 copaene 0.700%
28 ar-curcumene 1.900%
14 para-cymen-8-ol trace
6 para-cymene 0.800%
29 eugenyl acetate 1.500%
26 (E)-beta-farnesene 18.200%
21 geranyl acetate 5.100%
25 alpha-humulene 0.600%
8 limonene 1.600%
11 linalool trace
5 myrcene 0.700%
31 pentadecane 1.900%
32 beta-sesquiphellandrene 1.600%
1 alpha-pinene 10.200%
4 beta-pinene 1.600%
3 sabinene trace
27 santalene 0.800%
13 terpinen-4-ol 0.300%
9 alpha-terpinene trace
15 alpha-terpineol 0.200%
10 terpinolene trace
18 tridecane trace
1 benzaldehyde 0.540%
20 benzyl benzoate 1.820%
3 camphene 1.580%
10 camphor 2.600%
6 delta-3-carene 2.900%
16 beta-caryophyllene 6.240%
12 (E)-cinnamaldehyde 46.520%
15 (E)-cinnamyl acetate 2.640%
14 alpha-copaene 1.400%
7 para-cymene 4.180%
13 eugenol 3.630%
18 eugenyl acetate 0.300%
17 alpha-humulene 0.850%
9 linalool 2.980%
19 ortho-methoxycinnamaldehyde 0.790%
4 myrcene 0.070%
8 beta-phellandrene + limonene 9.160%
2 alpha-pinene 3.470%
5 beta-pinene 1.020%
11 alpha-terpineol 0.070%
9 benzaldehyde 0.200%
2 camphene 0.100%
11 caryophyllene 0.700%
6 1,8-cineole 0.900%
7 para-cymene 3.200%
15 eugenol 78.000%
14 eugenyl acetate 1.200%
12 geraniol 0.100%
5 limonene 0.700%
8 linalool 0.200%
13 methyl eugenol 0.500%
4 myrcene 0.300%
1 alpha-pinene 1.500%
3 beta-pinene 0.400%
10 alpha-terpineol 0.300%
2 benzaldehyde 0.02-0.03
23 benzyl benzoate 0.78-1.63
4 camphene 0.02-0.10
10 1,8-cineole 0.71-2.22
17 cinnamaldehyde 77.24-81.47
21 cinnamyl acetate + beta-caryophyllene 5.27-6.58
9 para-cymene 0.36-0.78
20 eugenol 1.82-2.31
22 eugenyl acetate 1.51-2.02
18 geraniol 0.00-0.12
11 limonene 0.17-0.42
14 linalool 0.84-1.61
7 myrcene 0.00-0.02
3 alpha-pinene 0.06-0.21
6 beta-pinene 0.03-0.11
5 sabinene 0.02-0.03
19 safrole 0.00-0.02
8 salicylaldehyde 0.04-0.23
15 terpinen-4-ol 0.14-0.19
12 gamma-terpinene 0.01-0.03
16 alpha-terpineol 0.19-0.35
13 terpinolene 0.01-0.04
1 alpha-thujene 0.01-0.08
22 benzyl benzoate 0.430%
20 delta-cadinene 0.060%
3 camphene 0.120%
17 beta-caryophyllene 0.480%
21 caryophyllene oxide 0.260%
13 (E)-cinnamaldehyde 0.170%
16 (E)-cinnamyl acetate 0.190%
9 citronellal 0.070%
6 para-cymene 0.360%
15 beta-elemene 0.340%
14 eugenol 93.940%
19 eugenyl acetate 1.070%
18 alpha-humulene 0.120%
7 limonene + 1,8-cineole 0.310%
8 linalool 0.860%
5 alpha-phellandrene 0.230%
2 alpha-pinene 0.330%
4 beta-pinene 0.160%
12 piperitone 0.070%
10 terpinen-4-ol 0.090%
11 alpha-terpineol 0.100%
1 alpha-thujene 0.030%
1 benzaldehyde 0.540%
20 benzyl benzoate 1.820%
3 camphene 1.580%
10 camphor 2.600%
6 delta-3-carene 2.900%
16 beta-caryophyllene 6.240%
12 (E)-cinnamaldehyde 46.520%
15 (E)-cinnamyl acetate 2.640%
14 alpha-copaene 1.400%
7 para-cymene 4.180%
13 eugenol 3.630%
18 eugenyl acetate 0.300%
17 alpha-humulene 0.850%
9 linalool 2.980%
19 ortho-methoxycinnamaldehyde 0.790%
4 myrcene 0.070%
8 beta-phellandrene + limonene 9.160%
2 alpha-pinene 3.470%
5 beta-pinene 1.020%
11 alpha-terpineol 0.070%
26 asarone 1.080%
9 benzaldehyde 0.070%
16 benzyl alcohol 0.520%
18 delta-cadinene 0.540%
17 gamma-cadinene 0.340%
14 beta-caryophyllene 6.180%
19 caryophyllene isomer 0.140%
13 alpha-copaene + alpha-terpineol 0.840%
12 alpha-cubebene 0.660%
6 para-cymene 0.070%
20 eugenol 77.130%
21 isoeugenol 1.080%
22 eugenyl acetate 5.040%
24 (E,E)-farnesol 1.080%
23 (Z,E)-farnesol 0.770%
7 2-heptanol 0.030%
4 2-heptanone + 1,8-cineole 0.050%
3 2-hexanone 0.050%
15 alpha-humulene 1.060%
8 2-nonanol 0.050%
1 alpha-pinene 0.020%
2 beta-pinene 0.030%
11 terpinen-4-ol 0.020%
5 alpha-terpinene + limonene 0.020%
10 (E)-beta-terpineol 0.070%
25 vanillin 0.920%
22 asarone 0.450%
8 benzaldehyde 0.070%
14 benzyl alcohol 1.390%
16 delta-cadinene trace
15 gamma-cadinene 0.550%
12 beta-caryophyllene 6.420%
11 alpha-copaene + alpha-terpineol 0.370%
10 alpha-cubebene 0.080%
6 para-cymene 0.050%
17 eugenol 80.970%
18 isoeugenol trace
19 eugenyl acetate trace
21 (E,E)-farnesol 0.610%
20 (Z,E)-farnesol 0.610%
4 2-heptanone + 1,8-cineole 0.060%
3 2-hexanone 0.030%
13 alpha-humulene 1.390%
7 2-nonanol 0.030%
1 alpha-pinene 0.030%
2 beta-pinene 0.030%
5 alpha-terpinene + limonene 0.010%
9 (E)-beta-terpineol 0.130%
24 asarone 0.500%
9 benzaldehyde 0.030%
15 benzyl alcohol 1.530%
17 delta-cadinene 0.630%
16 gamma-cadinene 0.350%
13 beta-caryophyllene 6.570%
12 alpha-copaene + alpha-terpineol 0.770%
11 alpha-cubebene 0.490%
6 para-cymene 0.050%
18 eugenol 80.190%
19 isoeugenol 0.420%
20 eugenyl acetate 0.440%
22 (E,E)-farnesol 0.690%
21 (Z,E)-farnesol 0.470%
7 2-heptanol 0.010%
4 2-heptanone + 1,8-cineole 0.040%
3 2-hexanone 0.050%
14 alpha-humulene 1.530%
8 2-nonanol 0.060%
1 alpha-pinene 0.030%
2 beta-pinene 0.060%
5 alpha-terpinene + limonene 0.020%
10 (E)-beta-terpineol 0.120%
23 vanillin 0.730%
163 bicyclogermacrene 0.370%
153 bornyl angelate 6.550%
164 delta-cadinene 0.310%
106 camphene 2.690%
100 delta-2-carene 2.900%
160 caryophyllene oxide 0.170%
151 citronellyl butyrate 2.630%
108 decane 2.370%
130 dihydrolinalool acetate 5.020%
134 trans-dimethoxycitral 0.130%
170 beta-eudesmol 1.660%
157 eugenyl acetate 1.870%
161 geranyl butyrate 0.110%
168 guaiol 0.210%
115 trans-isolimonene 5.780%
139 para-menth-1-en-9-yl acetate 0.200%
113 para-mentha-1,5,8-triene 4.050%
993 beta-myrcene 0.220%
123 neral 0.140%
116 allo-ocimene 6.080%
104 beta-ocimene 9.050%
117 neo-allo-ocimene 2.680%
136 octadecanal 1.650%
131 3-octen-1-yl acetate 0.770%
214 osthol 0.720%
109 alpha-phellandrene 2.360%
110 beta-phellandrene 4.180%
107 beta-pinene 13.870%
122 (Z)-sabinene hydrate acetate 0.620%
165 spathulenol 1.130%
120 terpinen-4-ol 3.450%
111 alpha-terpinene 1.250%
146 alpha-terpinyl isobutyrate 3.700%
119 3-thujenol 0.360%
141 neo-iso-verbenyl acetate 1.390%
49 abietatriene 0.200%
4 benzaldehyde 0.400%
24 delta-cadinene 1.000%
10 camphor 0.200%
28 caryophyllene oxide 0.600%
13 beta-cyclocitral 0.400%
17 (E)-beta-damascenone 2.300%
16 (E,E)-2,4-decadienal 0.400%
12 decanal 0.400%
14 (Z)-2-decenal 0.300%
60 10-demethyl squalene 1.300%
53 docosane 0.200%
18 dodecanal 0.400%
48 eicosane 0.300%
25 eugenyl acetate 0.500%
20 (E)-beta-farnesene 0.300%
35 (E,Z)-farnesol 0.800%
34 (Z,Z)-farnesol 0.300%
44 (E,E)-farnesyl acetone 1.900%
19 geranyl acetone 1.500%
22 (Z)-beta-guaiene 0.300%
51 heneicosane 1.100%
58 heptacosane 1.100%
33 heptadecane 0.400%
42 2-heptadecanone 0.600%
5 (E,E)-2-heptadienal 0.200%
57 hexacosane 0.300%
29 hexadecane 0.300%
47 hexadecanoic acid 4.000%
1 hexanal 0.400%
2 (E)-2-hexenal 2.200%
27 (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl benzoate 0.700%
21 (Z)-beta-ionone 1.600%
45 methyl hexadecanoate 0.300%
46 methyl octadecane 0.300%
31 T-muurolol 0.900%
61 nonacosane 1.100%
43 nonadecane 0.100%
41 (E)-nonadecene 0.400%
9 nonanal 1.900%
59 octacosane 1.700%
36 octadecane 0.300%
50 octadecanol 0.200%
8 octanol 0.300%
56 pentacosane 1.600%
40 pentadecanoic acid 0.300%
6 phenyl acetaldehyde 0.200%
37 neophytadiene 2.200%
52 (E)-phytol 2.600%
3 alpha-pinene trace
26 selina-3,7(11)-diene 0.300%
11 terpinen-4-ol trace
7 gamma-terpinene trace
55 tetracosane 0.200%
30 tetradecanal 0.300%
32 tetradecanol 0.400%
62 triacontane 0.900%
54 tricosane 0.800%
23 tridecanal 5.800%
39 6,10,14-trimethyl pentadecan-2-ol 2.500%
38 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone 37.600%
15 undecanal 0.900%
37 alpha-amorphene 0.00-0.39
38 aromadendrene 0.00-0.09
40 allo-aromadendrene 0.00-0.28
41 beta-cadinene 0.00-<0.01
49 delta-cadinene 0.28-1.03
47 gamma-cadinene 0.05-0.15
55 alpha-cadinol 0.00-0.30
53 gamma-cadinol 0.00-<0.01
48 (Z)-calamenene <0.01-0.07
3 camphene 0.00-0.14
21 camphor 0.00-<0.01
36 beta-caryophyllene 0.64-7.24
42 beta-chamigrene 0.00-0.17
26 chavicol <0.01-15.51
14 1,8-cineole 1.38-1.39
27 (E)-cinnamaldehyde 0.00-0.11
32 alpha-copaene 0.32-0.41
30 alpha-cubebene 0.00-<0.01
23 para-cymen-8-ol 0.00-<0.01
19 para-cymene <0.01-0.97
12 alpha-para-dimethyl styrene 0.00-0.30
33 beta-elemene 0.00-0.20
31 eugenol 44.41-68.93
50 eugenyl acetate 0.00-0.51
46 alpha-farnesene 0.00-0.59
29 geranial 0.00-0.22
28 geraniol 0.00-0.12
52 globulol 0.00-0.36
35 alpha-gurjunene 0.00-0.13
39 alpha-humulene 0.15-1.31
13 limonene 2.07-3.90
20 linalool 0.13-3.63
25 methyl chavicol 0.03-0.05
34 methyl eugenol 0-11.88
45 alpha-muurolene 0.00-0.05
54 gamma-muurolol 0.00-<0.01
8 myrcene 0.10-16.17
16 (E)-beta-ocimene 0.08-1.42
15 (Z)-beta-ocimene 0.08-0.10
9 3-octanol 0.00-0.84
7 3-octanone 0.00-1.10
5 1-octen-3-ol 0.00-1.74
10 alpha-phellandrene 0.07-0.45
2 alpha-pinene 0.46-0.47
6 beta-pinene 0.00-0.09
4 sabinene 0.00-<0.1
44 alpha-selinene 0.00-0.63
43 beta-selinene 0.00-0.33
51 spathulenol 0.00-0.12
22 terpinen-4-ol 0.05-0.90
11 alpha-terpinene 0.02-0.19
17 gamma-terpinene <0.01-0.16
24 alpha-terpineol 0.14-0.52
18 terpinolene 0.09-0.24
1 alpha-thujene 0.0-<0.1
54 alchenenotriol 3.560%
30 (E)-anethole 9.980%
27 para-anisaldehyde 2.100%
41 aromadendrene 0.330%
47 beta-bisabolene 0.080%
48 gamma-cadinene 0.120%
14 camphor 0.110%
24 cis-carveol 0.230%
40 beta-caryophyllene 3.440%
23 citronellol 0.610%
2 para-cymene 1.120%
31 dehydroelshotzia ketone 1.510%
20 (Z)-dihydrocarvone 0.120%
6 dihydrotagetone 5.190%
9 alpha-para-dimethyl styrene 0.220%
33 delta-elemene 3.000%
50 gamma-elemene (furanoid) 0.110%
21 elsholtzia ketone 0.150%
49 eugenyl acetate 0.150%
37 geranyl acetate 0.280%
53 guaiol 0.280%
42 alpha-humulene 2.140%
51 ledol 0.290%
3 limonene 15.140%
11 linalool 1.030%
8 (Z)-linalool oxide furanoid 0.430%
28 linalyl acetate 0.470%
10 (E)-para-menth-2-en-1-ol 0.120%
29 methyl citronellate 0.390%
39 methyl eugenol 0.240%
43 6-methyl-gamma-ionone 0.220%
45 alpha-muurolene 0.290%
1 myrcene 0.240%
34 neryl acetate 0.190%
5 (E)-beta-ocimene 0.300%
4 (Z)-beta-ocimene 19.330%
36 beta-patchoulene 0.100%
46 pentadecane 0.130%
17 (Z)-pinanone 0.300%
13 (Z)-sabinene hydrate 3.680%
35 (E)-isosafrole 0.320%
52 spathulenol 2.420%
26 (E)-tagetenone 0.650%
25 (Z)-tagetenone 13.260%
15 (E)-tagetone 2.810%
16 (Z)-tagetone 0.340%
18 terpinen-4-ol 0.460%
7 gamma-terpinene 0.260%
19 alpha-terpineol 0.500%
38 tetradecane 0.160%
12 alpha-thujone 0.240%
32 tridecane 0.120%
44 valencene 0.570%
22 verbenone 0.050%
1 acetic acid 0.370%
17 benzoic acid 0.010%
41 (E)-alpha-bergamotol 0.720%
42 (Z)-alpha-bergamotol 0.340%
18 borneol 0.470%
23 bornyl acetate 36.070%
36 delta-cadinene 0.240%
10 isocamphane 0.020%
5 camphene 2.810%
11 delta-3-carene 0.030%
25 trans-carvone oxide 0.020%
24 cis-carvone oxide 0.140%
31 beta-caryophyllene 0.650%
13 1,8-cineole 0.020%
21 cumic acid 0.190%
8 para-cymene 0.020%
29 beta-elemene 0.070%
27 delta-elemene 0.080%
37 elemol 0.530%
12 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethyl-1,3-hexadiene 0.010%
44 eugenyl acetate 2.450%
35 germacrene 0.660%
40 globulol 2.240%
34 guaiene 0.230%
32 beta-gurjunene 0.210%
33 alpha-humulene 0.310%
9 limonene 0.260%
15 linalool 0.020%
22 methyl chavocol 0.120%
20 myrtenol 0.020%
43 nootkatone 26.560%
4 alpha-pinene 0.600%
7 beta-pinene 0.590%
6 sabinene 0.030%
16 sabinene hydrate 0.010%
26 sabinyl acetate 3.030%
38 sabinyl valerate 0.730%
39 spathulenol 1.840%
19 terpinen-4-ol 0.130%
14 terpinolene 0.020%
28 alpha-terpinyl acetate 0.620%
30 thymohydroquinone dimethyl ether 0.420%
3 tricyclene 0.030%
2 isovaleric acid 0.210%