achillea millefolium oil greece

gc1011221
Essential Oil 521 components

References

P. Chatzopoulou, S. T. Katsiotis and A. Baerheim Svendsen, An ascaridole containing essential oil of the Achilles millefolium L. complex growing wild in Northen Greece, J. Essent. Oil Res., 4, 457-459 (1992).
Scholar PubMed Google
P&F 22, No. 3, 57, (1997)
Scholar PubMed Google
Mucciarelli et al. (1995) performed GC/MS analysis on oils obtained from a number of Artemisia species growing in northwest Italy. In this study, they determined that an oil of A. absinthum contained:
Scholar PubMed Google
P&F 23, No. 1, 39, (1998)
Scholar PubMed Google
P&F 25, No. 2, 46, (2000)
Scholar PubMed Google
P&F 25, No. 2, 46, (2000)
Scholar PubMed Google
P&F 20, No. 2, 49, (1995)
Scholar PubMed Google
J. C. Chalchat, R. P. Garry and J. Lamy, Influence of harvest time on yield and compostion of Artemisia annua oil produced in France. J. Essent. Oil Res., 6, 261-268 (1994).
Scholar PubMed Google
P&F 20, No. 2, 49, (1995)
Scholar PubMed Google
N. X. Dung, P. A. Leclercq, D. H. Kiet and N. M. Tu, Chemical composition of Vietnamese Artemisia annua L. essential oil. Tap Chi Duoc Hoc, (2) 11-13 (1990).
Scholar PubMed Google
P&F 25, No. 3, 54, (2000)
Scholar PubMed Google
P&F 20, No. 2, 49, (1995)
Scholar PubMed Google
E. J. Brunke, F. J. Hammerschmidt and G. Schmaus, Flower scent of some traditional medicinal plants. In: Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants, Edits., R. Teranishi, R. G. Buttey and H. Sugisawa, pp. 282-296, ACS Symposium Series No. 525, Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington (1993).
Scholar PubMed Google
P&F 21, No. 3, 55, (1996)
Scholar PubMed Google
Giner et al. (1993) used GC and GC/MS to determine the effect of season and vegetative growth stage of S. chamaecyparisus on the composition of the oil. Although these authors did not use a typical artemisia ketone-rich chemotype, their results showed that the composition of the oil is definitly affected by the date of plant harvesting. A summery of this somewhat incomplete data can be seen in Table VI.
Scholar PubMed Google
P&F 22, No. 5, 71, (1997)
Scholar PubMed Google
J. C. Chalchat, R. Ph. Garry and A. Muhayimana, Composition chimique d’huiles essentielles de Tagetes minuta L. du Rwanda. In: Valorisation dela Biomasse Végétale par les produits naturels. Edits., F-X. Garneau and G. J. Collin, p. 295-302, CRDI, Ottawa (1995).
Scholar PubMed Google
P&F 25, No. 6, 32, (2000)
Scholar PubMed Google
J. C. Chalchat, R. Ph. Garry and A. Muhayimana, Composition chimique d’huiles essentielles de Tagetes minuta L. du Rwanda. In: Valorisation dela Biomasse Végétale par les produits naturels. Edits., F-X. Garneau and G. J. Collin, p. 295-302, CRDI, Ottawa (1995).
Scholar PubMed Google
P&F 25, No. 6, 32, (2000)
Scholar PubMed Google
B. M. Lawrence, unpublished data (1976).
Scholar PubMed Google
P&F 25, No. 1, 33, (2000)
Scholar PubMed Google

Top 20 Components

All Components (521)

# Component %
20 artemisyl alcohol 0.500%
16 artemisyl ketone trace
1 artemisia triene 0.400%
33 ascaridole 49.300%
55 alpha-bisabolol 0.100%
29 isoborneol 2.000%
50 delta-cadinene trace
49 gamma-cadinene trace
54 alpha-cadinol 0.100%
53 T-cadinol 0.100%
5 camphene 0.900%
26 camphor 8.100%
11 delta-3-carene trace
37 carvacrol trace
43 beta-caryophyllene 0.400%
52 caryophyllene oxide 0.200%
28 (Z)-chrysanthenol 0.200%
36 chrysanthenyl acetate trace
14 1,8-cineole 10.500%
40 alpha-copaene trace
41 beta-cubebene 0.100%
46 ar-curcumene trace
13 para-cymene 7.400%
42 beta-elemene trace
44 (E)-beta-farnesene trace
35 geranial 0.300%
47 germacrene D trace
45 alpha-humulene trace
39 (Z)-jasmone 0.800%
27 lavandulol 0.100%
15 limonene 0.100%
22 linalool 0.500%
48 alpha-muurolene trace
9 myrcene trace
51 (E)-nerolidol trace
6 1-octen-3-ol trace
10 alpha-phellandrene trace
4 alpha-pinene 0.400%
8 beta-pinene 0.300%
7 sabinene 0.400%
19 (E)-sabinene hydrate 0.400%
25 (Z)-sabinene hydrate 0.500%
30 terpinen-4-ol 1.100%
12 alpha-terpinene 7.000%
18 gamma-terpinene 0.300%
31 alpha-terpineol 0.500%
21 terpinolene 0.300%
3 alpha-thujene trace
23 alpha-thujone 1.500%
24 beta-thujone 0.200%
34 thujyl isobutyrate 1.400%
38 thymol 0.100%
2 tricyclene trace
32 verbenone 0.200%
17 yomogi alcohol 1.700%
12 artemisyl ketone 1.000%
17 borneol 0.500%
6 camphene 3.100%
16 camphor 36.900%
20 trans-carveol 0.300%
22 (Z)-chrysanthenyl acetate trace
11 1,8-cineole + limonene 4.300%
10 para-cymene 5.400%
24 germacrene D 0.100%
1 hexanal 0.200%
3 hexanol 0.100%
2 (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol 0.100%
15 (Z)-para-menth-2-en-1-ol 2.700%
9 alpha-phellandrene 1.700%
5 alpha-pinene 7.700%
8 beta-pinene 1.100%
21 piperitone 2.600%
7 sabinene 1.200%
23 anastreptene 0.100%
18 terpinen-4-ol 1.600%
13 gamma-terpinene 0.200%
19 alpha-terpineol 2.000%
14 terpinolene 0.100%
4 tricyclene 0.200%
17 artemisyl alcohol trace
46 artemisyl ketone trace
31 ascaridole trace
55 (E)-alpha-bergamotol trace
54 alpha-bisabolol trace
58 bisabolol oxide trace
36 borneol trace
42 bornyl acetate trace
56 alpha-cadinol trace
4 camphene trace
47 camphenilone trace
21 camphor 0.400%
59 carvacrol 0.300%
39 trans-carveol trace
25 carvone trace
50 beta-caryophyllene 0.500%
57 caryophyllene oxide 0.400%
41 (E)-chrysanthenyl acetate trace
40 (Z)-chrysanthenyl acetate trace
28 1,8-cineole 2.000%
48 alpha-copaene 0.200%
52 epi-cubenol trace
45 cuminaldehyde 0.200%
12 para-cymene 1.000%
26 damascenone trace
27 2,3-dihydro-1,8-cineole trace
29 (Z)-epoxyocimene trace
3 alpha-fenchene trace
10 limonene 0.100%
18 linalool trace
30 linalool oxide 0.100%
7 myrcene trace
44 myrtenal 0.100%
38 myrtenol 0.100%
51 (E)-nerolidol trace
37 nojiku alcohol trace
8 alpha-phellandrene trace
1 alpha-pinene 0.300%
5 beta-pinene 0.700%
22 isopinocamphone trace
33 pinocarveol trace
23 pinocarvone 0.200%
6 sabinene 1.600%
14 (E)-sabinene hydrate 0.200%
43 sabinyl acetate 1.600%
49 gamma-selinene 0.600%
53 spathulenol 0.100%
32 terpinen-4-ol 1.300%
9 alpha-terpinene 0.300%
11 gamma-terpinene 0.600%
35 alpha-terpineol trace
13 terpinolene 0.100%
16 (Z)-thuj-2-en-4-ol 0.400%
2 alpha-thujene 0.300%
19 alpha-thujone 67.500%
20 beta-thujone 18.200%
34 (E)-verbenol trace
24 verbenone trace
15 yomogi alcohol trace
22 artemisyl alcohol trace-0.30
16 artemisyl ketone 6.30-14.90
19 artemisyl acetate trace-0.10
33 bicyclogermacrene 0.20-0.50
31 borneol 0.60-3.40
26 bornyl acetate 0.30-1.50
35 delta-cadinene 0.50-0.80
38 calamenene 0.10-0.90
4 camphene 0.30-3.90
23 camphor + alpha-copaene 8.50-27.10
27 beta-caryophyllene 0.50-2.30
39 caryophyllene oxide trace-0.10
11 1,8-cineole 0.10-27.90
36 cuminaldehyde trace-0.50
14 para-cymene 0.30-2.00
9 dihydro-1,8-cineole 0.10-0.20
3 alpha-fenchene 0.20-1.00
42 intermedeol trace-0.40
10 limonene 0.10-0.50
29 (E)-para-menth-2-en-1-ol 0.20-0.30
25 (Z)-para-menth-2-en-1-ol 0.20-0.40
40 methyl linolenate trace-0.10
41 T-muurolol trace-0.50
7 myrcene 0.10-1.10
37 myrtenol trace-0.10
12 (E)-beta-ocimene 0.10-0.30
5 beta-pinene 0.10-0.70
2 alpha-pinene + alpha-thujene 0.40-1.10
34 (E)-piperitol 0.10-0.70
6 sabinene 0.10-2.60
24 (E)-sabinene hydrate 1.80-4.40
21 (Z)-sabinene hydrate 0.20-0.50
17 santolina alcohol 3.10-10.10
28 terpinen-4-ol trace-0.10
8 alpha-terpinene 0.10-1.10
13 gamma-terpinene 0.30-1.90
32 alpha-terpineol 0.10-0.70
30 delta-terpineol 0.10-2.50
15 terpinolene 0.10-0.50
18 alpha-thujone 1.00-2.90
20 beta-thujone trace
1 tricyclene 0.10-0.20
16 artemisyl ketone 0.100%
25 borneol 2.800%
22 bornyl acetate 0.500%
28 delta-cadinene 0.200%
31 calamenene 0.100%
4 camphene 8.000%
19 camphor + alpha-copaene 50.300%
32 cis-carveol 0.100%
23 beta-caryophyllene 1.200%
33 caryophyllene oxide 0.100%
11 1,8-cineole 10.700%
29 cuminaldehyde 0.200%
35 para-cymen-8-ol 0.100%
14 para-cymene 0.800%
9 dihydro-1,8-cineole 0.100%
3 alpha-fenchene 1.400%
34 germacrene D-4-ol 0.100%
37 intermedeol 0.100%
10 limonene 0.900%
21 (Z)-para-menth-2-en-1-ol 0.800%
36 T-muurolol 0.500%
7 myrcene 1.600%
30 myrtenol 0.300%
12 (E)-beta-ocimene trace
5 beta-pinene 0.400%
2 alpha-pinene + alpha-thujene 0.300%
27 (E)-piperitol 1.800%
6 sabinene 0.200%
20 (E)-sabinene hydrate 3.500%
18 (Z)-sabinene hydrate 0.400%
8 alpha-terpinene 0.300%
13 gamma-terpinene 0.700%
26 alpha-terpineol 0.400%
24 delta-terpineol 0.700%
15 terpinolene 0.300%
17 alpha-thujone 0.700%
1 tricyclene trace
28 allo-aromadendrene 0.060%
9 artemisyl alcohol 2.100%
7 artemisyl ketone 56.000%
20 benzyl 3-methyl butyrate 0.610%
27 beta-cadinene 0.370%
8 camphene hydrate 2.090%
11 camphor 10.500%
23 beta-caryophyllene 3.300%
29 caryophyllene oxide 3.260%
6 1,8-cineole 7.700%
21 alpha-copaene 0.310%
22 beta-cubebene 0.940%
26 gamma-elemene 0.110%
17 para-ethyl camene 0.020%
18 isoeugenol 0.030%
25 beta-farnesene 2.600%
24 alpha-humulene 0.010%
19 longipinene 0.100%
14 myrtenal 0.400%
16 myrtenol 0.140%
3 alpha-pinene 0.240%
5 beta-pinene 1.200%
12 sabinaketone 0.230%
4 sabinene 2.600%
10 sabinol 0.720%
1 santolinatriene 0.160%
13 terpinen-4-ol 1.100%
15 alpha-terpineol 0.090%
2 alpha-thujene 0.130%
30 artemisyl alcohol 0.00-11.05
21 artemisyl ketone 11.91-55.02
25 artemisyl acetate 0.00-0.07
14 2-oxabicyclo(2.2.2)oct-6-ene 0.00-0.15
49 bicyclogermacrene 0.16-1.28
45 borneol 0.00-0.16
4 bornylene 0.00-0.29
10 butyl isovalerate 0.00-0.14
51 delta-cadinene 0.00-1.05
6 camphene 1.20-7.28
27 alpha-campholenic aldehyde 0.00-0.66
29 camphor 1.58-11.52
59 carvacrol 0.10-1.10
36 beta-caryophyllene 1.63-10.87
54 caryophyllene oxide 0.10-1.64
53 isocaryophyllene oxide 0.04-0.39
57 cedrol 0.00-trace
16 1,8-cineole 5.07-11.65
28 alpha-copaene 0.00-1.33
33 beta-cubebene 0.09-2.17
19 para-cymene trace-1.23
52 6,6-dimethyl(3.1.1)bicyclohept-2-en-2-methanol 0.08-0.67
50 (E)-(3,3-dimethyl) cyclohexylidene acetaldehyde 0.00-0.41
5 ethyl 2-methyl butyrate 0.00-0.17
44 (E)-beta-farnesene 0.00-1.00
43 (Z)-beta-farnesene 0.00-1.10
47 germacrene D 1.99-18.54
48 alpha-guaiene 2.24-14.73
31 (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl butyrate 0.00-trace
41 alpha-himachalene trace-0.97
42 alpha-humulene 0.00-0.74
15 limonene 0.09-0.57
9 3-methyl bicyclo(3.1.2)oct-2-ene 0.00-trace
22 3-methyl-3-buten-1-yl isovalerate 0.00-0.31
12 myrcene 0.00-3.34
38 myrtenal trace-0.42
56 nootkatone 0.00-0.82
18 (E)-beta-ocimene 0.00-0.27
11 alpha-phellandrene 0.00-trace
2 alpha-pinene 4.20-15.66
7 beta-pinene 0.93-3.35
32 pinocamphone 0.00-0.32
40 trans-pinocarveol 0.35-1.81
35 pinocarvone 0.24-2.19
8 sabinene 0.43-2.80
26 (E)-sabinene hydrate 0.00-0.43
34 (Z)-sabinene hydrate 0.11-0.83
23 santolina alcohol trace-0.22
55 spathulenol 0.00-0.49
37 terpinen-4-ol 0.13-0.38
13 alpha-terpinene 0.00-0.18
17 gamma-terpinene 0.07-0.34
46 alpha-terpineol 0.00-0.65
20 terpinolene 0.00-0.33
39 3-thujen-2-ol 0.00-2.16
3 alpha-thujene 0.00-0.90
58 thymol 0.00-0.83
1 tricyclene 0.01-0.35
24 yomogi alcohol 0.06-0.64
13 artemisyl alcohol 2.670%
8 artemisyl ketone 4.420%
19 delta-cadinene 0.630%
2 camphene 1.780%
11 camphor 23.750%
17 beta-caryophyllene 6.290%
7 1,8-cineole 15.440%
16 alpha-cubebene 0.970%
20 beta-cubebene 5.590%
6 para-cymene 4.080%
18 beta-farnesene 9.590%
15 geranyl acetate 1.010%
10 limonene oxide 2.930%
9 linalool 0.460%
12 para-mentha-1(7),8-2-ol 2.910%
5 myrcene 4.380%
1 alpha-pinene 0.740%
4 beta-pinene 0.440%
3 sabinene 1.100%
14 terpinen-4-ol 2.270%
31 allo-aromadendrene 2.02-8.45
11 artemisyl alcohol 0.72-1.90
9 artemisyl ketone 26.85-35.60
23 benzyl 3-methyl butyrate 0.90-0.36
30 beta-cadinene 0.18-0.50
10 camphene hydrate 0.14-2.31
14 camphor 0.00-20.48
26 beta-caryophyllene 5.00-5.60
32 caryophyllene oxide 0.95-1.75
8 1,8-cineole 8.70-28.10
24 alpha-copaene 1.10-1.55
25 beta-cubebene 1.80-4.43
29 gamma-elemene 0.40-0.66
20 para-ethyl camene 0.04-0.33
21 isoeugenol 0.04-0.11
28 beta-farnesene 0.84-3.80
27 alpha-humulene 0.03-0.71
22 longipinene 0.150%
6 (E)-6-methyl-3,5-heptadien-2-one 0.71-0.94
17 myrtenal 0.20-0.50
19 myrtenol 0.100%
3 alpha-pinene 0.40-0.50
5 beta-pinene 0.80-1.40
15 sabinaketone 0.14-0.55
4 sabinene 1.10-3.80
12 (Z)-sabinene hydrate 0.28-0.33
13 sabinol 0.00-1.70
1 santolinatriene 0.04-0.20
16 terpinen-4-ol 0.14-1.84
7 alpha-terpinene 0.22-0.40
18 alpha-terpineol 0.08-0.12
2 alpha-thujene 0.01-0.10
16 artemisyl alcohol 0.390%
13 artemisyl ketone 0.510%
22 bicyclogermacrene 0.640%
25 alpha-bisabolol 0.510%
27 bisabolol oxide A 57.680%
23 bisabolol oxide B 4.350%
24 bisabolone oxide A 4.100%
18 beta-caryophyllene 0.090%
26 chamazulene 23.350%
7 1,8-cineole 0.340%
10 para-cymene 0.070%
2 ethyl 2-methyl butyrate 0.170%
19 (E)-beta-farnesene 2.920%
20 germacrene D 1.480%
15 (E)-2-hexen-1-ol 0.100%
14 (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol 0.510%
11 (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate trace
6 limonene trace
12 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one trace
5 myrcene trace
9 (E)-beta-ocimene 0.700%
8 (Z)-beta-ocimene 0.080%
1 alpha-pinene trace
4 propyl 2-methyl butyrate trace
3 sabinene 0.220%
21 beta-selinene trace
17 terpinen-4-ol trace
26 allo-aromadendrene 0.910%
11 artemisyl ketone 2.490%
19 borneol 4.780%
23 bornyl + isobornyl acetates 1.650%
33 delta-cadinene 0.410%
2 camphene trace
17 camphor 4.670%
29 isocaryophyllene 0.180%
24 alpha-copaene 0.130%
27 alpha-cubebene 0.660%
22 cuminaldehyde 1.830%
30 ar-curcumene 0.220%
9 para-cymene + 1,8-cineole 5.800%
13 alpha-para-dimethyl styrene 2.140%
14 fenchone 1.130%
32 germacrene B 0.730%
28 beta-gurjunene 0.860%
7 limonene 0.590%
31 alpha-muurolene 0.210%
4 myrcene 0.190%
18 myrtenal 3.820%
8 beta-phellandrene 0.160%
5 alpha-phellendrene + delta-3-carene 5.000%
1 alpha-pinene 0.230%
3 beta-pinene + sabinene 1.590%
16 (Z)-sabinene hydrate 1.480%
20 terpinen-4-ol 0.910%
6 alpha-terpinene 0.650%
10 gamma-terpinene 1.350%
21 alpha-terpineol 0.650%
12 terpinolene 1.050%
15 thujone 0.150%
34 unknown sesqui alcohol 1 10.660%
35 unknown sesqui alcohol 2 5.180%
36 unknown sesqui alcohol 3 3.080%
25 alpha-ylangene trace
1 acetone 0.630%
28 artemisyl ketone 0.060%
33 bornyl acetate trace
34 isobornyl acetate trace
8 camphene trace
10 delta-3-carene 0.110%
16 1,8-cineole 0.040%
21 para-cymene trace
22 dihydrotagetone 1.030%
25 3,4-dimethyl octa-2,4,6-triene 0.160%
7 ethyl 2-methyl butyrate 0.020%
6 ethyl butyrate 0.120%
15 2-hexenal 0.030%
26 (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol 0.140%
14 limonene 1.770%
32 linalool 0.170%
23 para-menth-4-en-3-one 0.540%
2 4-methyl-2-pentanone 0.030%
11 1-methyl-3-isopropyl cyclohexane trace
13 myrcene 0.110%
20 (E)-beta-ocimene 0.170%
17 (Z)-beta-ocimene 37.080%
29 (Z)-beta-ocimene epoxide trace
12 alpha-phellandrene 0.070%
36 2(10)-pinen-4-one 0.080%
4 alpha-pinene 0.030%
9 sabinene 0.280%
3 santene 0.050%
38 (E)-tagetenone 6.310%
37 (Z)-tagetenone 3.340%
30 (E)-tagetone 2.860%
31 (Z)-tagetone 35.400%
35 terpinen-4-ol 0.070%
19 gamma-terpinene trace
18 terpinolene 0.350%
5 alpha-thujene trace
27 2,4,6-trimethyl anisole 0.020%
24 1,7,7-trimethyl bicyclo(3.1.1)heptan-2-one trace
1 acetone trace
22 artemisyl ketone 0.300%
27 bornyl acetate trace
28 isobornyl acetate trace
7 camphene trace
11 delta-3-carene trace
16 1,8-cineole trace
19 para-cymene 0.300%
20 dihydrotagetone 3.300%
6 ethyl 2-methyl butyrate trace
8 ethyl valerate trace
15 2-hexenal trace
21 (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol 0.500%
14 limonene 1.300%
26 linalool trace
13 myrcene trace
18 (E)-beta-ocimene trace
17 (Z)-beta-ocimene 31.800%
23 (Z)-beta-ocimene epoxide 0.300%
12 alpha-phellandrene trace
3 alpha-pinene trace
9 beta-pinene trace
5 propyl butyrate 0.500%
10 sabinene 0.300%
2 santene trace
30 (E)-tagetenone 1.800%
31 (Z)-tagetenone 6.000%
24 (E)-tagetone 3.400%
25 (Z)-tagetone 46.000%
29 terpinen-4-ol 0.300%
4 alpha-thujene trace
16 artemisyl alcohol 1.600%
12 artemisyl ketone 23.500%
18 beta-bourbonene 0.100%
31 delta-cadinene trace
3 camphene 0.600%
19 camphor 6.000%
29 carvone 6.600%
23 beta-caryophyllene 0.300%
8 1,8-cineole 0.700%
17 alpha-copaene 0.100%
20 beta-copaene 0.100%
10 para-cymene 0.800%
28 germacrene D 1.500%
7 limonene 0.200%
26 menthol 0.200%
24 neomenthol 0.100%
1 (E)-2-methyl-3-methylene hept-5-ene 0.100%
6 alpha-phellandrene 0.100%
2 alpha-pinene 0.200%
4 beta-pinene 0.100%
5 sabinene 1.500%
27 sabinol 0.200%
30 sabinyl 2-methyl butyrate 1.200%
21 terpinen-4-ol 0.700%
9 gamma-terpinene 0.300%
11 terpinolene trace
14 alpha-thujone 0.900%
15 beta-thujone 49.500%
25 isothujyl alcohol 0.400%
32 viridiflorol 0.200%
22 beta-ylangene 0.100%
13 yomogi alcohol 1.100%