bergamot oil
References
A. Verzera, G. Lamonica, L. Mondello, A. Trozzi and G. Dugo, The composition of bergamot oil. Perfum. Flavor., 21(6), 19-34 (1996).
P. Dugo, A. Cotroneo, I. Bonarcorsi and L. Mondello, On the genuineness of citrus essential oils Part LVII. The composition of distilled lime oil. Flav. Fragr. J., 13, 93-97 (1998).
T. S. Chamblee, B. C. Clark. G. B. Brewster, T. Radford and G. A. Iacobucci, Quantitative analysis of the volatile constituents of lemon peel oil. Effects of silica gel chromatography on the imposition of its hydrocarbon and oxygenated fractions. J. Agric, Food Chem., 39, 162-169 (1991).
T. S. Chamblee and B. C. Clark, Lemon and lime citrus essential oils. Analysis and organoleptic evaluation. In: Bioactive volatile compounds from plants. Edits., R. Teranishi, R. G. Buttery and H. Sugisawa, pp. 88-102, ACS Symp. Series No. 525, Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington (1993).
Top 20 Components
All Components (316)
| # | Component | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60 | (E)-alpha-bergamotene | 0.162-0.437 | |
| 58 | (Z)-alpha-bergamotene | 0.017-0.048 | |
| 66 | bicyclogermacrene | 0.012-0.076 | |
| 67 | (Z)-alpha-bisabolene | 0.000-trace | |
| 70 | (Z)-gamma-bisabolene | 0.000-0.010 | |
| 69 | beta-bisabolene | 0.212-0.648 | |
| 76 | alpha-bisabolol | 0.007-0.030 | |
| 45 | bornyl acetate | 0.010-0.037 | |
| 4 | camphene | 0.019-0.053 | |
| 75 | campherenol | 0.007-0.023 | |
| 30 | camphor | 0.001-0.012 | |
| 11 | delta-3-carene | 0.001-0.009 | |
| 39 | carvone | 0.000-trace | |
| 59 | beta-caryophyllene | 0.154-0.524 | |
| 15 | 1,8-cineole | 0.010-0.022 | |
| 31 | citronellal | 0.005-0.030 | |
| 53 | citronellyl acetate | 0.007-0.053 | |
| 13 | para-cymene | 0.010-0.893 | |
| 35 | decanal | 0.037-0.103 | |
| 43 | 2-decenal | 0.000-0.009 | |
| 57 | decyl acetate | 0.009-0.053 | |
| 74 | 2,3-dimethyl-3-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2-norbornanol | 0.006-0.024 | |
| 56 | dodecanal | 0.002-0.055 | |
| 34 | dodecane | 0.000-0.006 | |
| 64 | dodecanol | 0.000-0.009 | |
| 51 | delta-elemene | 0.000-0.007 | |
| 68 | (E,E)-alpha-farnesene | 0.000-trace | |
| 62 | (Z)-beta-farnesene | 0.033-0.089 | |
| 44 | geranial + perillaldehyde | 0.199-0.494 | |
| 42 | geraniol | 0.000-0.010 | |
| 55 | geranyl acetate | 0.107-0.799 | |
| 71 | germacrene B | 0.000-0.001 | |
| 65 | germacrene D | 0.033-0.106 | |
| 26 | heptyl acetate | trace-0.019 | |
| 10 | hexyl acetate | 0.000-0.002 | |
| 61 | alpha-humulene | 0.009-0.045 | |
| 46 | indole | 0.000-0.009 | |
| 14 | limonene + beta-phellandrene | 25.385-53.187 | |
| 28 | (E)-limonene oxide | 0.001-0.015 | |
| 27 | (Z)-limonene oxide | 0.001-0.019 | |
| 24 | linalool | 1.745-22.681 | |
| 23 | (E)-linalool oxide | 0.000-trace | |
| 21 | (Z)-linalool oxide | 0.000-trace | |
| 41 | linalyl acetate | 15.616-41.363 | |
| 50 | linalyl propionate | 0.013-0.066 | |
| 49 | methyl geranate | 0.002-0.015 | |
| 6 | 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one | 0.001-0.009 | |
| 7 | myrcene | 0.635-1.575 | |
| 38 | neral | 0.105-0.344 | |
| 37 | nerol + citronellol | 0.010-0.111 | |
| 72 | (E)-nerolidol | 0.007-0.036 | |
| 54 | neryl acetate | 0.126-0.670 | |
| 25 | nonanal | 0.012-0.076 | |
| 48 | nonyl acetate | 0.004-0.053 | |
| 77 | nootkatone | 0.010-0.095 | |
| 17 | (E)-beta-ocimene | 0.104-0.361 | |
| 16 | (Z)-beta-ocimene | 0.011-0.068 | |
| 8 | octanal | 0.025-0.084 | |
| 20 | octanol | 0.001-0.021 | |
| 36 | octyl acetate | 0.071-0.199 | |
| 9 | alpha-phellandrene | 0.016-0.056 | |
| 3 | alpha-pinene | 0.720-1.844 | |
| 5 | beta-pinene + sabinene | 4.814-12.802 | |
| 29 | isopulegol | 0.000-0.004 | |
| 19 | (Z)-sabinene hydrate | 0.015-0.063 | |
| 40 | (E)-sabinene hydrate acetate | 0.048-0.127 | |
| 63 | (Z)-beta-santalene | 0.001-0.016 | |
| 32 | terpinen-4-ol | 0.008-0.042 | |
| 12 | alpha-terpinene | 0.081-0.282 | |
| 18 | gamma-terpinene | 5.266-11.151 | |
| 33 | alpha-terpineol | 0.030-0.126 | |
| 22 | terpinolene | 0.210-0.476 | |
| 52 | alpha-terpinyl acetate | 0.071-0.263 | |
| 73 | tetradecanal | 0.000-0.010 | |
| 2 | alpha-thujene | 0.187-0.491 | |
| 1 | tricyclene | 0.001-0.005 | |
| 47 | undecanal | 0.004-0.024 | |
| 77 | (E)-alpha-bergamotene | 0.720% | |
| 73 | (Z)-alpha-bergamotene | 0.060% | |
| 90 | (E)-gamma-bisabolene | 0.040% | |
| 86 | (Z)-alpha-bisabolene | 0.110% | |
| 88 | (Z)-gamma-bisabolene | 0.010% | |
| 100 | alpha-bisabolol | 0.060% | |
| 101 | epi-alpha-bisabolol | 0.060% | |
| 45 | borneol | 0.820% | |
| 43 | isoborneol | 0.060% | |
| 61 | bornyl acetate | 0.020% | |
| 89 | delta-cadinene | 0.080% | |
| 98 | alpha-cadinol | 0.030% | |
| 99 | campherenol | 0.030% | |
| 14 | delta-3-carene | 0.030% | |
| 54 | carvone | trace | |
| 75 | beta-caryophyllene | 0.420% | |
| 71 | isocaryophyllene | trace | |
| 94 | caryophyllene alcohol | 0.060% | |
| 95 | caryophyllene oxide | 0.020% | |
| 15 | 1,4-cineole | 3.520% | |
| 20 | 1,8-cineole | 4.350% | |
| 66 | citronellyl acetate | trace | |
| 82 | gamma-curcumene | 0.110% | |
| 48 | para-cymen-8-ol | 0.110% | |
| 17 | para-cymene | 2.300% | |
| 27 | para-cymenene | 0.160% | |
| 51 | decanal | 0.110% | |
| 59 | decanol | trace | |
| 74 | decyl acetate | trace | |
| 11 | 2,3-dihydro-1,8-cineole | 0.210% | |
| 18 | 2,2-dimethyl-5-(1-methyl propenyl) tetrahydrofuran | 0.020% | |
| 72 | dodecanal | 0.060% | |
| 81 | dodecanol | trace | |
| 70 | beta-elemene | 0.060% | |
| 65 | delta-elemene | 0.050% | |
| 76 | gamma-elemene | trace | |
| 92 | elemol | trace | |
| 40 | 4,8-epoxy-para-menth-1-ene | 0.030% | |
| 97 | gamma-eudesmol | 0.060% | |
| 87 | (E,E)-alpha-farnesene | 2.070% | |
| 78 | (Z)-beta-farnesene | 0.090% | |
| 5 | alpha-fenchene | 0.790% | |
| 32 | alpha-fenchol | 0.820% | |
| 33 | beta-fenchol | 0.010% | |
| 57 | geranial | 0.020% | |
| 56 | geraniol | 0.010% | |
| 69 | geranyl acetate | 0.070% | |
| 93 | germacrene B | 0.050% | |
| 83 | (Z)-beta-guaiene | 0.090% | |
| 79 | alpha-humulene | 0.080% | |
| 19 | limonene | 39.190% | |
| 38 | (E)-limonene oxide | trace | |
| 36 | (Z)-limonene oxide | trace | |
| 28 | linalool | 0.160% | |
| 31 | para-mentha-1,3,8-triene | trace | |
| 25 | para-mentha-3,8-diene | 0.020% | |
| 9 | 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one | 0.010% | |
| 10 | myrcene | 1.000% | |
| 34 | myrcenol | 0.010% | |
| 53 | neral | 0.030% | |
| 52 | nerol | 0.020% | |
| 67 | neryl acetate | 0.060% | |
| 30 | nonanal | 0.010% | |
| 1 | nonane | 0.030% | |
| 22 | (E)-beta-ocimene | 0.450% | |
| 21 | (Z)-beta-ocimene | 0.200% | |
| 35 | allo-ocimene | trace | |
| 12 | octanal | 0.050% | |
| 24 | octanol | 0.020% | |
| 58 | perillaldehyde | 0.050% | |
| 13 | alpha-phellandrene | 0.440% | |
| 4 | alpha-pinene | 0.990% | |
| 8 | beta-pinene | 0.770% | |
| 39 | trans-pinene hydrate | 0.030% | |
| 46 | pinocamphone | 0.050% | |
| 44 | isopinocamphone | 0.050% | |
| 62 | trans-pinocarvyl acetate | 0.010% | |
| 55 | piperitone | trace | |
| 42 | isopulegol | 0.080% | |
| 7 | sabinene | trace | |
| 80 | beta-santalene | 0.040% | |
| 91 | selina-3,7(11)-diene | 0.100% | |
| 85 | alpha-selinene | 0.090% | |
| 37 | terpinen-1-ol | 1.270% | |
| 47 | terpinen-4-ol | 0.710% | |
| 60 | alpha-terpinen-7-al | 0.020% | |
| 16 | alpha-terpinene | 2.350% | |
| 23 | gamma-terpinene | 13.350% | |
| 41 | (Z)-beta-terpineol | 0.800% | |
| 49 | alpha-terpineol | 7.000% | |
| 50 | gamma-terpineol | 1.240% | |
| 26 | terpinolene | 9.700% | |
| 96 | tetradecanal | 0.040% | |
| 84 | 1,1,3a,7-tetramethyl-1H-1a,2,2,3a,4,5,6,7b-octahydrocyclopropa(a)naphthalene | 0.180% | |
| 3 | alpha-thujene | 0.010% | |
| 2 | tricyclene | 0.030% | |
| 63 | tridecane | trace | |
| 6 | 2,6,6-trimethyl-2-ethenyl tetrahydropyran | 0.240% | |
| 64 | undecanal | 0.010% | |
| 29 | undecane | 0.020% | |
| 68 | undecanol | 0.010% | |
| 30 | (Z)-alpha-bergamotene | 0.030% | |
| 32 | (E)-alpha-bergamotene + citronellyl propionate | 0.380% | |
| 36 | beta-bisabolene | 0.550% | |
| 52 | alpha-bisabolol | 0.040% | |
| 16 | borneol | 0.010% | |
| 3 | camphene | 0.060% | |
| 51 | campherenol | 0.030% | |
| 46 | camphor | 0.008% | |
| 31 | beta-caryophyllene | 0.220% | |
| 23 | citronellal | 0.080% | |
| 19 | citronellol + nerol | 0.060% | |
| 38 | citronellyl acetate | 0.030% | |
| 9 | para-cymene | 0.140% | |
| 24 | decanal | 0.050% | |
| 47 | exo-(Z)-4,7-dimethyl bicyclo(3.2.1)oct-3-en-6-one | 0.010% | |
| 50 | 2,3-dimethyl-3-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2-norbornanol | 0.030% | |
| 29 | dodecanal + decyl acetate | 0.010% | |
| 33 | (E)-beta-farnesene | 0.030% | |
| 26 | geranial | 1.180% | |
| 20 | geraniol | 0.030% | |
| 40 | geranyl acetate | 0.520% | |
| 42 | geranyl propionate | 0.010% | |
| 34 | alpha-humulene | 0.020% | |
| 10 | limonene + 1,8-cineole + (E)-beta-ocimene | 65.650% | |
| 44 | (E)-limonene 1,2-oxide | 0.007% | |
| 45 | (Z)-limonene 1,2-oxide | 0.006% | |
| 37 | methyl geranate | 0.007% | |
| 6 | myrcene | 1.580% | |
| 25 | neral | 0.740% | |
| 49 | nerolidol | 0.004% | |
| 39 | neryl acetate | 0.600% | |
| 41 | neryl propionate | 0.007% | |
| 22 | nonanal | 0.120% | |
| 11 | (E)-beta-ocimene | 0.090% | |
| 21 | octanal | 0.080% | |
| 27 | perillaldehyde | 0.030% | |
| 7 | alpha-phellandrene | 0.040% | |
| 2 | alpha-pinene | 1.750% | |
| 5 | beta-pinene | 11.130% | |
| 48 | piperitone | 0.004% | |
| 4 | sabinene | 1.850% | |
| 15 | (Z)-sabinene hydrate + linalool | 0.130% | |
| 14 | (E)-sabinene hydrate + octanol | 0.010% | |
| 35 | beta-santalene | 0.010% | |
| 17 | terpinen-4-ol | 0.110% | |
| 8 | alpha-terpinene | 0.160% | |
| 12 | gamma-terpinene | 8.320% | |
| 18 | alpha-terpineol | 0.160% | |
| 13 | terpinolene | 0.340% | |
| 1 | alpha-thujene | 0.380% | |
| 28 | undecanal | 0.030% | |
| 43 | undecyl acetate | 0.009% | |
| 61 | (E)-alpha-bergamotene | 0.700% | |
| 59 | (Z)-alpha-bergamotene | 0.060% | |
| 75 | (E)-gamma-bisabolene | 0.010% | |
| 73 | (Z)-gamma-bisabolene | 0.040% | |
| 72 | beta-bisabolene | 1.040% | |
| 85 | alpha-bisabolol | 0.060% | |
| 34 | isoborneol | 0.080% | |
| 37 | borneol + nonanol | 0.690% | |
| 2 | bornylene | 0.020% | |
| 83 | alpha-cadinol | 0.040% | |
| 82 | T-cadinol + T-muurolol | 0.020% | |
| 7 | camphene | 0.530% | |
| 84 | campherenol | 0.040% | |
| 14 | delta-3-carene | 0.010% | |
| 43 | trans-carveol | trace | |
| 46 | carvone | 0.010% | |
| 60 | beta-caryophyllene | 0.600% | |
| 79 | caryophyllene alcohol | 0.070% | |
| 15 | 1,4-cineole | 2.320% | |
| 44 | citronellol | 0.020% | |
| 17 | para-cymene | 1.890% | |
| 42 | decanal | 0.200% | |
| 54 | decanoic acid + neryl acetate | 0.040% | |
| 49 | decanol + geranial | 0.090% | |
| 20 | 2,2-dimethyl-5(1-methyl propenyl) tetrahydrofuran + (E)-beta-ocimene | 0.680% | |
| 58 | dodecanal | 0.080% | |
| 65 | dodecanol | 0.040% | |
| 57 | beta-elemene | trace | |
| 53 | delta-elemene | 0.060% | |
| 81 | gamma-eudesmol | 0.050% | |
| 71 | (E,E)-alpha-farnesene | 0.680% | |
| 62 | (Z)-beta-farnesene | 0.100% | |
| 6 | alpha-fenchene | 0.210% | |
| 27 | alpha-fenchol | 0.790% | |
| 47 | geraniol | 0.020% | |
| 56 | geranyl acetate | 0.100% | |
| 77 | germacrene B | 0.030% | |
| 63 | alpha-humulene | 0.090% | |
| 18 | limonene + 1,8-cineole | 46.860% | |
| 25 | linalool + undecane | 0.190% | |
| 23 | (Z)-linalool oxide | 0.020% | |
| 24 | (E)-linalool oxide + terpinolene + unknown | 8.430% | |
| 29 | (E)-para-menth-2-en-1-ol | 0.020% | |
| 31 | (Z)-para-menth-2-en-1-ol | trace | |
| 39 | para-methyl acetophenone + para-cymen-8-ol | 0.130% | |
| 67 | alpha-muurolene | 0.030% | |
| 11 | myrcene + dihydro-1,8-cineole | 1.340% | |
| 28 | myrcenol | 0.080% | |
| 45 | neral | 0.020% | |
| 78 | (E)-nerolidol | 0.010% | |
| 26 | nonanal | 0.030% | |
| 1 | nonane | 0.030% | |
| 19 | (Z)-beta-ocimene | 0.200% | |
| 35 | (E)-beta-ocimenol | 0.060% | |
| 33 | (Z)-beta-ocimenol | 0.090% | |
| 12 | octanal | 0.040% | |
| 22 | octanol | 0.020% | |
| 50 | perillaldehyde | 0.020% | |
| 13 | alpha-phellandrene | 0.460% | |
| 5 | alpha-pinene | 1.020% | |
| 10 | beta-pinene | 1.340% | |
| 48 | piperitone | 0.010% | |
| 9 | sabinene | 0.020% | |
| 51 | sabinyl acetate | 0.010% | |
| 64 | beta-santalene | 0.040% | |
| 86 | selin-7(11)-en-4-ol | 0.010% | |
| 76 | selina-3,7(11)-diene | 0.050% | |
| 66 | selina-4,11-diene | 0.130% | |
| 68 | beta-selinene | 0.010% | |
| 69 | delta-selinene | 0.200% | |
| 70 | alpha-selinene + (Z)-alpha-bisabolene | 0.170% | |
| 74 | epi-alpha-selinene + delta-cadinene | 0.050% | |
| 30 | terpinen-1-ol | 1.200% | |
| 38 | terpinen-4-ol | 0.970% | |
| 16 | alpha-terpinene | 2.840% | |
| 21 | gamma-terpinene | 11.020% | |
| 32 | (E)-beta-terpineol | 0.810% | |
| 36 | (Z)-beta-terpineol | 0.220% | |
| 40 | alpha-terpineol | 7.900% | |
| 41 | gamma-terpineol | 1.210% | |
| 80 | tetradecanal | 0.020% | |
| 4 | alpha-thujene | 0.010% | |
| 3 | tricyclene | 0.020% | |
| 8 | 2,6,6-trimethyl-2-vinyl tetrahydropyran | 0.220% | |
| 52 | undecanal | 0.030% | |
| 55 | undecanol | 0.030% |