achillea millefolium herb oil
References
A. C. Figueiredo, J. G. Barroso, M. S. S. Pais and J. J. C. Scheffer, Composition of the essential oils from two populations of Achilea mmillefolium L. ssp. milllefolium. J. Chromatogr Sci., 30, 392-395 (1992).
J. A. Pino, A. Rosado and V. Fuentes, Chemical composition of the essential oil of Artemista obsinthum L. from Cuba. J. Essent. Oil Res., 9, 87-89 (1997).
E. J. Brunke, F. J. Hammerschmidt and G. Schmaus, Flower scent of some traditional medicinal plants. In: Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants, Edits., R. Teranishi, R. G. Buttey and H. Sugisawa, pp. 282-296, ACS Symposium Series No. 525, Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington (1993).
H. Greche, M. Ismaili-Alaoui, N. Hajjaji, S. Zrira, A. Belanger and B. Benjilali, Composition of Tanacetum annuum L. oil from Morocco. J. Essent. Oil Res., 11, 343-348 (1999).
In 1993, Tucker et al. analyzed a commercial sample of wormwood oil by GC and GC/MS. The oil was found to possess the following composition:
Top 20 Components
All Components (344)
| # | Component | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41 | bicyclogermacrene | 0.300% | |
| 20 | borneol | 2.500% | |
| 30 | bornyl acetate | 0.600% | |
| 44 | delta-cadinene | trace | |
| 43 | gamma-cadinene | 0.200% | |
| 49 | alpha-cadinol | 0.400% | |
| 47 | T-cadinol | 0.400% | |
| 4 | camphene | 2.500% | |
| 17 | camphor | 25.500% | |
| 26 | trans-carveol | 0.500% | |
| 27 | cis-carveol | 0.100% | |
| 32 | trans-carvyl acetate | 0.700% | |
| 35 | cis-carvyl acetate | trace | |
| 38 | beta-caryophyllene | 0.600% | |
| 46 | caryophyllene oxide | 0.500% | |
| 50 | chamazulene | 0.300% | |
| 29 | (Z)-chrysanthenyl acetate | 0.200% | |
| 11 | 1,8-cineole | 17.400% | |
| 10 | para-cymene | 0.600% | |
| 37 | beta-elemene | trace | |
| 34 | delta-elemene | 0.100% | |
| 45 | elemol | trace | |
| 33 | eugenol | 0.400% | |
| 40 | germacrene D | 1.200% | |
| 39 | alpha-humulene | trace | |
| 36 | (Z)-jasmone | 1.900% | |
| 21 | lavandulol | 2.000% | |
| 12 | limonene | 0.500% | |
| 16 | (E)-para-menth-2-en-1-ol | 3.300% | |
| 18 | (Z)-para-menth-2-en-1-ol | 2.200% | |
| 42 | alpha-muurolene | trace | |
| 48 | alpha-muurolol | trace | |
| 7 | beta-myrcene | 0.500% | |
| 23 | myrtenal | 0.800% | |
| 25 | myrtenol | 1.000% | |
| 31 | neryl acetate | 2.900% | |
| 28 | (Z)-ocimenone | 0.200% | |
| 8 | alpha-phellandrene | 0.500% | |
| 3 | alpha-pinene | 4.200% | |
| 6 | beta-pinene | 9.500% | |
| 19 | pinocarvone | 0.400% | |
| 5 | sabinene | 2.900% | |
| 14 | (E)-sabinene hydrate | 0.200% | |
| 22 | terpinen-4-ol | 1.100% | |
| 9 | alpha-terpinene | 0.600% | |
| 13 | gamma-terpinene | 0.600% | |
| 24 | alpha-terpineol | 0.900% | |
| 15 | terpinolene | 0.200% | |
| 2 | alpha-thujene | 0.200% | |
| 1 | tricyclene | 0.200% | |
| 5 | borneol | 0.300% | |
| 10 | bornyl acetate | 0.800% | |
| 14 | gamma-cadinene | 1.000% | |
| 11 | beta-caryophyllene | 11.900% | |
| 15 | caryophyllenol I | 21.200% | |
| 16 | chamazulene | 12.500% | |
| 4 | 1,8-cineole | 1.700% | |
| 7 | citronellol | 0.200% | |
| 12 | alpha-humulene | 2.500% | |
| 9 | lavandulyl acetate | 4.400% | |
| 3 | limonene | 1.600% | |
| 8 | linalyl acetate | 1.300% | |
| 13 | gamma-muurolene | 7.400% | |
| 1 | alpha-pinene | 4.100% | |
| 2 | beta-pinene | 20.800% | |
| 6 | alpha-terpineol | 0.300% | |
| 26 | bornyl acetate | 23.020% | |
| 39 | alpha-cadinol | 0.170% | |
| 4 | camphene | 2.020% | |
| 32 | cis-carvyl acetate | 0.100% | |
| 33 | beta-caryophyllene | 0.660% | |
| 38 | caryophyllene oxide | 0.670% | |
| 40 | chamazulene | 0.260% | |
| 10 | 1,8-cineole | 5.100% | |
| 25 | cuminaldehyde | 0.930% | |
| 9 | para-cymene | 1.550% | |
| 16 | alpha-para-dimethyl styrene | 0.060% | |
| 15 | eucarvone | 0.060% | |
| 31 | eugenol | 0.070% | |
| 36 | (E)-beta-farnesene | 0.260% | |
| 34 | (Z)-beta-farnesene | 0.110% | |
| 35 | alpha-humulene | 0.080% | |
| 18 | linalool | 2.000% | |
| 30 | para-menth-1(7)-en-9-ol | 0.140% | |
| 24 | (Z)-para-menth-2-en-7-ol | 0.500% | |
| 28 | para-mentha-1,4-dien-7-ol | 0.240% | |
| 7 | myrcene | 1.080% | |
| 12 | (E)-beta-ocimene | 0.200% | |
| 11 | (Z)-beta-ocimene | 0.060% | |
| 27 | perillyl acetate | 0.200% | |
| 3 | alpha-pinene | 1.240% | |
| 6 | beta-pinene | 0.690% | |
| 5 | sabinene | 4.610% | |
| 14 | (Z)-sabinene hydrate | 0.290% | |
| 20 | safranal | 0.590% | |
| 21 | terpinen-4-ol | 8.150% | |
| 8 | alpha-terpinene | 1.550% | |
| 13 | gamma-terpinene | 2.080% | |
| 22 | alpha-terpineol | 4.800% | |
| 17 | terpinolene | 0.750% | |
| 29 | alpha-terpinyl acetate | 0.090% | |
| 2 | alpha-thujene | 0.580% | |
| 19 | beta-thujone | 0.290% | |
| 1 | tricyclene | 0.100% | |
| 23 | verbenone | 2.470% | |
| 37 | viridiflorene | 0.410% | |
| 11 | aromadendrene | 10.800% | |
| 12 | cadinene | 6.000% | |
| 13 | chamazulene | 1.400% | |
| 3 | 1,8-cineole | 6.400% | |
| 8 | citral | 9.800% | |
| 7 | citronellal | 1.600% | |
| 9 | citronellol | 2.200% | |
| 10 | geraniol | 6.200% | |
| 1 | hexanal | 8.600% | |
| 2 | alpha-phellandrene | 15.600% | |
| 4 | alpha-terpinene | 7.000% | |
| 5 | beta-thujone | 1.500% | |
| 6 | thujyl alcohol | 3.200% | |
| 9 | aromadendrene | 10.700% | |
| 10 | cadinene | 6.000% | |
| 11 | chamazulene | 1.300% | |
| 3 | 1,8-cineole | 4.000% | |
| 7 | citral | 13.300% | |
| 8 | geraniol | 8.000% | |
| 1 | hexanal | 8.700% | |
| 2 | alpha-phellandrene | 17.400% | |
| 4 | alpha-terpinene | 5.300% | |
| 5 | beta-thujone | 2.700% | |
| 6 | thujyl alcohol | 2.000% | |
| 22 | arteannuic alcohol | 0.500% | |
| 6 | artemisyl alcohol | 9.100% | |
| 10 | artemisyl acetate | 10.700% | |
| 26 | beta-bisabolol | 0.300% | |
| 14 | isobornyl acetate | 0.700% | |
| 25 | alpha-cadinol | 0.400% | |
| 3 | camphene | 3.600% | |
| 8 | camphor | 18.800% | |
| 9 | trans-carveol | 2.600% | |
| 11 | cis-carveol | 0.300% | |
| 12 | carvotan acetone | 0.400% | |
| 15 | cis-carvyl acetate | 0.900% | |
| 19 | beta-caryophyllene | 1.000% | |
| 21 | caryophyllene oxide | 0.200% | |
| 13 | (Z)-chrysanthenyl acetate | 12.200% | |
| 18 | isocomene | 3.800% | |
| 20 | gamma-curcumene | 0.300% | |
| 27 | 7-ethyl-1,4-dimethyl azulene | 0.400% | |
| 24 | alpha-eudesmol | 2.000% | |
| 23 | guaiol | 0.200% | |
| 29 | hexadecanoic acid | 0.800% | |
| 17 | italicene | 1.500% | |
| 16 | beta-maaliene | 1.200% | |
| 7 | nonanal | 0.200% | |
| 2 | alpha-pinene | 0.400% | |
| 4 | beta-pinene | 0.100% | |
| 28 | tetradecanoic acid | 0.300% | |
| 1 | tricyclene | 0.900% | |
| 5 | yomogi alcohol | 14.900% | |
| 16 | bulnesol | 0.600% | |
| 19 | cadalene | 2.300% | |
| 28 | callitrin | 2.400% | |
| 34 | callitrisin | 1.400% | |
| 37 | callitrisin isomer 1 | 0.100% | |
| 23 | chamazulene | 5.600% | |
| 1 | citronellic acid | 0.100% | |
| 35 | columellarin | 2.900% | |
| 20 | (-)-alpha-costol | 0.300% | |
| 21 | (+)-alpha-costol | 0.300% | |
| 22 | (-)-gamma-costol | 0.100% | |
| 38 | dihydrocallitrisin | 0.500% | |
| 30 | dihydrocolumellarin | 14.000% | |
| 27 | elemanolide | 0.600% | |
| 4 | beta-elemene | 0.500% | |
| 12 | elemol | 1.300% | |
| 9 | eudesma-1,4(15),11-triene | 0.700% | |
| 29 | eudesmanolide isomer | 0.100% | |
| 18 | alpha-eudesmol | 7.600% | |
| 17 | beta-eudesmol | 14.400% | |
| 14 | 10-epi-gamma-eudesmol | 0.400% | |
| 15 | gamma-eudesmol | 9.100% | |
| 5 | geranic acid | 0.200% | |
| 36 | germacranolide | 0.300% | |
| 25 | guaiazulene | 6.200% | |
| 6 | alpha-guaiene | 0.600% | |
| 13 | guaiol | 13.700% | |
| 31 | isokhusenic acid isomer 1 | 0.600% | |
| 32 | isokhusenic acid isomer 2 | 0.200% | |
| 33 | isokhusenic acid isomer 3 | 0.100% | |
| 26 | methyl (E)-isocosticate | 0.600% | |
| 24 | methyl (Z)-isocosticate | 0.900% | |
| 7 | (E,E)-methyl dihydrogeranate | 0.200% | |
| 2 | methyl geranate | 0.200% | |
| 3 | neric acid | 0.900% | |
| 8 | selina-4,11-diene | 0.800% | |
| 10 | beta-selinene | 2.200% | |
| 11 | alpha-selinene | 1.500% | |
| 16 | artemisyl alcohol | 0.390% | |
| 13 | artemisyl ketone | 0.510% | |
| 22 | bicyclogermacrene | 0.640% | |
| 25 | alpha-bisabolol | 0.510% | |
| 27 | bisabolol oxide A | 57.680% | |
| 23 | bisabolol oxide B | 4.350% | |
| 24 | bisabolone oxide A | 4.100% | |
| 18 | beta-caryophyllene | 0.090% | |
| 26 | chamazulene | 23.350% | |
| 7 | 1,8-cineole | 0.340% | |
| 10 | para-cymene | 0.070% | |
| 2 | ethyl 2-methyl butyrate | 0.170% | |
| 19 | (E)-beta-farnesene | 2.920% | |
| 20 | germacrene D | 1.480% | |
| 15 | (E)-2-hexen-1-ol | 0.100% | |
| 14 | (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol | 0.510% | |
| 11 | (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate | trace | |
| 6 | limonene | trace | |
| 12 | 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one | trace | |
| 5 | myrcene | trace | |
| 9 | (E)-beta-ocimene | 0.700% | |
| 8 | (Z)-beta-ocimene | 0.080% | |
| 1 | alpha-pinene | trace | |
| 4 | propyl 2-methyl butyrate | trace | |
| 3 | sabinene | 0.220% | |
| 21 | beta-selinene | trace | |
| 17 | terpinen-4-ol | trace | |
| 5 | artemisyl alcohol | 12.600% | |
| 1 | artemisia triene | 0.700% | |
| 8 | artemisyl acetate | 10.500% | |
| 11 | bornyl acetate | 1.300% | |
| 3 | camphene | 2.000% | |
| 6 | camphor | 12.900% | |
| 10 | trans-carvone oxide | 1.900% | |
| 13 | trans-carvyl acetate | 0.600% | |
| 7 | (Z)-chrysanthenol | 2.700% | |
| 9 | (Z)-chrysanthenyl acetate | 30.400% | |
| 4 | 1,8-cineole | 19.100% | |
| 15 | isocomene | 0.500% | |
| 17 | 7-ethyl-1,4-dimethyl azulene | 0.800% | |
| 16 | beta-eudesmol | 1.100% | |
| 12 | lavandulyl acetate | 0.500% | |
| 14 | beta-maaliene | trace | |
| 2 | alpha-pinene | 0.200% | |
| 31 | allo-aromadendrene | 0.100% | |
| 47 | benzyl benzoate | 0.300% | |
| 45 | alpha-bisabolol | 0.600% | |
| 21 | borneol | 2.100% | |
| 8 | isobutyl 2-methyl butyrate | 0.400% | |
| 36 | gamma-cadinene | 0.400% | |
| 35 | (Z)-calamenene | 0.300% | |
| 3 | camphene | 0.500% | |
| 20 | camphor | 9.600% | |
| 10 | delta-3-carene | 30.000% | |
| 27 | carvacrol | 0.200% | |
| 25 | carvone | 0.300% | |
| 29 | beta-caryophyllene | 1.200% | |
| 40 | caryophyllene oxide | 0.700% | |
| 46 | chamazulene | 28.000% | |
| 14 | 1,8-cineole | 1.000% | |
| 12 | para-cymene | 2.200% | |
| 42 | 7,12-dehydro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochamazulene | 1.700% | |
| 34 | 3,6-dihydrochamazulene | 3.700% | |
| 41 | 5,6-dihydrochamazulene | 1.700% | |
| 28 | beta-elemene | 0.400% | |
| 37 | elemol | 0.400% | |
| 44 | beta-eudesmol | 5.100% | |
| 30 | (Z)-beta-farnesene | 1.000% | |
| 43 | hinesol | 0.700% | |
| 39 | ledol | 0.300% | |
| 13 | limonene | 1.300% | |
| 17 | linalool | 0.100% | |
| 6 | myrcene | 4.400% | |
| 24 | myrtenal | 0.100% | |
| 7 | octanal | 0.200% | |
| 9 | alpha-phellandrene | 2.600% | |
| 32 | 2-phenethyl isovalerate | 0.100% | |
| 2 | alpha-pinene | 1.300% | |
| 5 | beta-pinene | 3.100% | |
| 19 | trans-pinocarveol | 0.100% | |
| 4 | sabinene | 6.400% | |
| 38 | spathulenol | 0.200% | |
| 22 | terpinen-4-ol | 1.800% | |
| 11 | alpha-terpinene | 0.400% | |
| 15 | gamma-terpinene | 0.400% | |
| 23 | alpha-terpineol | 0.400% | |
| 16 | terpinolene | 0.100% | |
| 1 | alpha-thujene | 0.100% | |
| 18 | alpha-thujone | 0.100% | |
| 26 | thymol | 1.200% | |
| 33 | valencene | 0.500% | |
| 1 | alpha-thujene | 0.700% | |
| 2 | alpha-pinene | 4.900% | |
| 3 | camphene | 1.800% | |
| 4 | sabinene | 22.300% | |
| 5 | beta-pinene | 10.100% | |
| 6 | myrcene | 6.000% | |
| 7 | alpha-phellandrene | 7.600% | |
| 8 | alpha-terpinene | 0.900% | |
| 9 | para-cymene | 8.900% | |
| 10 | limonene | 4.200% | |
| 11 | 1,8-cineole | 0.300% | |
| 12 | gamma-terpinene | 1.500% | |
| 13 | camphor | 13.200% | |
| 14 | borneol | 2.700% | |
| 15 | terpineol | trace | |
| 16 | thymol | 0.800% | |
| 17 | beta-elemene | 0.200% | |
| 18 | beta-caryophyllene | 1.700% | |
| 19 | (Z)-beta-farnesene | 0.800% | |
| 20 | valencene | 1.100% | |
| 21 | 3,6-dihydrochamazulene | 1.900% | |
| 22 | caryophyllene oxide | trace | |
| 23 | 5,6-dihydrochamazulene | trace | |
| 24 | 7,12-dehydro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochamazulene | trace | |
| 25 | beta-eudesmol | 0.300% | |
| 26 | chamazulene | 2.800% | |
| 20 | beta-caryophyllene | 1.440% | |
| 30 | chamazulene | 0.110% | |
| 10 | 1,8-cineole | 0.620% | |
| 12 | para-cymene | 0.280% | |
| 17 | (Z)-epoxyocimene | 0.850% | |
| 3 | alpha-fenchene | 0.180% | |
| 29 | geraniol | 0.140% | |
| 28 | geranyl propionate | 2.080% | |
| 24 | germacrene D | 1.720% | |
| 14 | (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol | 0.390% | |
| 22 | lavandulol | 0.710% | |
| 19 | lavandulyl acetate | 1.810% | |
| 9 | limonene | 0.210% | |
| 18 | linalool | 1.740% | |
| 1 | (Z)-2-methyl-3-methylene-hept-5-ene | 0.240% | |
| 6 | myrcene | 1.320% | |
| 27 | nerol | 0.370% | |
| 26 | neryl isobutyrate | 1.440% | |
| 7 | alpha-phellandrene | 0.350% | |
| 2 | alpha-pinene | 0.690% | |
| 4 | beta-pinene | 0.190% | |
| 5 | sabinene | 2.910% | |
| 25 | beta-sabinene | 0.970% | |
| 23 | (Z)-sabinol | 2.700% | |
| 21 | (Z)-sabinyl acetate | 32.750% | |
| 8 | alpha-terpinene | 0.160% | |
| 11 | gamma-terpinene | 0.410% | |
| 13 | terpinolene | 0.050% | |
| 15 | alpha-thujone | 3.420% | |
| 16 | beta-thujone | 33.110% |