citrus aurantium var. bergamia wright et arn. leaf oil
References
Y. S. Cheng and C. S. Lee, Composition of leaf essential oils from ten Citrus species. Proc. Natl Sci. Count. B. ROC, 5, 278-283(1981).
An oil produced from the flowers of the bitter orange tree was analyzed by a combination of GC/MS and retention indices (Lin et al., 1986). The oil was found to possess the following composition.
A. Sato, K. Asano and T. Sato, The chemical composition of Citrus hystrix DC (Swangi), J. Essent. oil Res., 2, 179-163 ( 1990).
W-Y. Shi, W. He, G-Y. Wen, D-H. Guo, G-Y. Long and Y-G. Liu, Essential oil of Cinnamomum camphora: composition and classification of types. Zhiwu Xuebao, 31, 209-214 (1989).
A. DiGiacomo, I. Calvarano, M. Calvarano and G. Belmusto, Petitgrain di limone: composizione e technologie. Essenze Deriv. Agrum., 55, 251-267(1985).
Top 20 Components
All Components (242)
| # | Component | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18 | borneol | 0.020% | |
| 7 | 1,8-cineole | 0.640% | |
| 11 | citronellal | 0.020% | |
| 23 | citronellol | 3.270% | |
| 15 | citronellyl acetate | 0.420% | |
| 21 | geranial | 3.150% | |
| 25 | geraniol | 2.770% | |
| 22 | geranyl acetate | 0.080% | |
| 19 | alpha-humulene | 0.900% | |
| 5 | limonene | 1.210% | |
| 12 | linalool | 22.390% | |
| 13 | linalyl acetate | 51.640% | |
| 10 | 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one | 0.030% | |
| 4 | myrcene | 1.630% | |
| 16 | neral | 0.070% | |
| 24 | nerol | 1.210% | |
| 20 | neryl acetate | 0.270% | |
| 8 | beta-ocimene | 1.540% | |
| 6 | beta-phellandrene | 0.040% | |
| 1 | alpha-pinene | 0.090% | |
| 2 | beta-pinene | 1.000% | |
| 3 | sabinene | 0.150% | |
| 14 | terpinen-4-ol | 2.530% | |
| 17 | alpha-terpineol | 4.210% | |
| 9 | terpinolene | 0.310% | |
| 3 | camphene | 0.020% | |
| 25 | beta-caryophyllene | 0.130% | |
| 29 | farnesol | trace | |
| 17 | geranial | 0.040% | |
| 15 | geraniol | trace | |
| 23 | geranyl acetate | 2.150% | |
| 26 | alpha-humulene | trace | |
| 6 | limonene | 9.130% | |
| 9 | linalool | 50.460% | |
| 8 | (E)-linalool oxide furanoid | 0.150% | |
| 18 | (E)-linalool oxide pyranoid | 0.090% | |
| 21 | (Z)-linalool oxide pyranoid | 0.070% | |
| 16 | linalyl acetate | 18.390% | |
| 19 | methyl anthranilate | trace | |
| 27 | gamma-muurolene | trace | |
| 5 | myrcene | 6.260% | |
| 14 | neral | 0.500% | |
| 13 | nerol | trace | |
| 30 | (E)-nerolidol | 1.090% | |
| 28 | (Z)-nerolidol | 0.640% | |
| 22 | neryl acetate | 1.090% | |
| 24 | nonanal | trace | |
| 7 | beta-ocimene | 3.910% | |
| 2 | alpha-pinene | 0.280% | |
| 4 | beta-pinene | 0.530% | |
| 12 | trans-pinocarveol | trace | |
| 10 | terpinen-4-ol | 0.110% | |
| 11 | alpha-terpineol | 4.750% | |
| 20 | alpha-terpinyl acetate | trace | |
| 1 | alpha-thujene | trace | |
| 38 | delta-cadinene | trace | |
| 40 | calamenene | trace | |
| 4 | delta-3-carene | trace | |
| 31 | beta-caryophyllene | 0.160% | |
| 27 | isocaryophyllene | trace | |
| 22 | citronellal | 81.490% | |
| 53 | citronellic acid | 0.100% | |
| 43 | citronellol | 8.220% | |
| 34 | citronellyl acetate | 0.900% | |
| 24 | alpha-copaene | 0.060% | |
| 46 | cubenol | trace | |
| 47 | epi-cubenol | trace | |
| 39 | ar-curcumene | trace | |
| 12 | para-cymene | trace | |
| 33 | 2,6-dimethyl-5-heptenal | trace | |
| 15 | 2,6-dimethyl-5-heptenol | 0.130% | |
| 30 | beta-elemene | trace | |
| 51 | elemol | trace | |
| 23 | 4,8-epoxyterpinolene | trace | |
| 37 | (Z)-alpha-farnesene | trace | |
| 44 | geraniol | 0.310% | |
| 42 | geranyl acetate | 0.090% | |
| 35 | germacrene D | trace | |
| 32 | alpha-humulene | trace | |
| 52 | indole | trace | |
| 8 | limonene | 0.030% | |
| 25 | linalool | 3.690% | |
| 20 | (E)-linalool oxide furanoid | trace | |
| 19 | (Z)-linalool oxide furanoid | trace | |
| 48 | para-menthan-1,8-diol | trace | |
| 17 | menthone | trace | |
| 18 | isomenthone | trace | |
| 14 | 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one | trace | |
| 36 | alpha-muurolene | trace | |
| 5 | myrcene | 0.430% | |
| 41 | neral | trace | |
| 50 | (E)-nerolidol | 0.180% | |
| 45 | neryl acetone | trace | |
| 10 | beta-ocimene | 0.230% | |
| 6 | alpha-phellandrene | trace | |
| 9 | beta-phellandrene | 0.050% | |
| 54 | phytol | trace | |
| 55 | isophytol | trace | |
| 1 | alpha-pinene | 0.060% | |
| 2 | beta-pinene | 0.240% | |
| 28 | isopulegol | 0.320% | |
| 16 | rose oxide | trace | |
| 3 | sabinene | 1.570% | |
| 21 | (E)-sabinene hydrate | 0.140% | |
| 26 | (Z)-sabinene hydrate | 0.130% | |
| 49 | safrole | 0.240% | |
| 29 | terpinen-4-ol | 0.200% | |
| 7 | alpha-terpinene | 0.030% | |
| 11 | gamma-terpinene | 0.070% | |
| 13 | terpinolene | 0.050% | |
| 163 | bicyclogermacrene | 0.370% | |
| 153 | bornyl angelate | 6.550% | |
| 164 | delta-cadinene | 0.310% | |
| 106 | camphene | 2.690% | |
| 100 | delta-2-carene | 2.900% | |
| 160 | caryophyllene oxide | 0.170% | |
| 151 | citronellyl butyrate | 2.630% | |
| 108 | decane | 2.370% | |
| 130 | dihydrolinalool acetate | 5.020% | |
| 134 | trans-dimethoxycitral | 0.130% | |
| 170 | beta-eudesmol | 1.660% | |
| 157 | eugenyl acetate | 1.870% | |
| 161 | geranyl butyrate | 0.110% | |
| 168 | guaiol | 0.210% | |
| 115 | trans-isolimonene | 5.780% | |
| 139 | para-menth-1-en-9-yl acetate | 0.200% | |
| 113 | para-mentha-1,5,8-triene | 4.050% | |
| 993 | beta-myrcene | 0.220% | |
| 123 | neral | 0.140% | |
| 116 | allo-ocimene | 6.080% | |
| 104 | beta-ocimene | 9.050% | |
| 117 | neo-allo-ocimene | 2.680% | |
| 136 | octadecanal | 1.650% | |
| 131 | 3-octen-1-yl acetate | 0.770% | |
| 214 | osthol | 0.720% | |
| 109 | alpha-phellandrene | 2.360% | |
| 110 | beta-phellandrene | 4.180% | |
| 107 | beta-pinene | 13.870% | |
| 122 | (Z)-sabinene hydrate acetate | 0.620% | |
| 165 | spathulenol | 1.130% | |
| 120 | terpinen-4-ol | 3.450% | |
| 111 | alpha-terpinene | 1.250% | |
| 146 | alpha-terpinyl isobutyrate | 3.700% | |
| 119 | 3-thujenol | 0.360% | |
| 141 | neo-iso-verbenyl acetate | 1.390% | |
| 19 | borneol | 0.160% | |
| 16 | bornyl acetate | 0.180% | |
| 13 | camphor | 0.470% | |
| 17 | beta-caryophyllene | 1.990% | |
| 8 | 1,8-cineole | 0.210% | |
| 23 | citronellol | 0.250% | |
| 15 | alpha-copaene | 0.110% | |
| 11 | para-cymene | 0.010% | |
| 30 | beta-eudesmol | 0.110% | |
| 24 | geranyl acetate | 0.030% | |
| 31 | guaiol | 0.020% | |
| 21 | alpha-humulene | 0.170% | |
| 7 | limonene | 0.010% | |
| 14 | linalool | 90.570% | |
| 27 | methyl eugenol | 0.110% | |
| 29 | methyl isoeugenol | 0.050% | |
| 5 | myrcene | 0.080% | |
| 25 | nerol | 0.190% | |
| 28 | (Z)-nerolidol | 0.460% | |
| 9 | beta-ocimene | 0.090% | |
| 6 | alpha-phellandrene | 0.050% | |
| 2 | alpha-pinene | 0.120% | |
| 3 | beta-pinene | 0.050% | |
| 4 | sabinene | 0.050% | |
| 26 | safrole | 0.880% | |
| 18 | terpinen-4-ol | 0.040% | |
| 10 | gamma-terpinene | 0.300% | |
| 20 | alpha-terpineol | 0.530% | |
| 12 | terpinolene | 0.020% | |
| 22 | alpha-terpinyl acetate | 0.180% | |
| 1 | alpha-thujene | 0.070% | |
| 28 | bisabolene | 0.870% | |
| 2 | camphene | 0.360% | |
| 6 | delta-3-carene | trace | |
| 25 | beta-caryophyllene | 2.080% | |
| 15 | citronellal | 2.360% | |
| 9 | para-cymene | trace | |
| 17 | decanal | 0.330% | |
| 22 | geranial | 38.970% | |
| 23 | geraniol | 2.100% | |
| 27 | geranyl acetate | trace | |
| 7 | limonene | 11.260% | |
| 16 | linalool | 1.540% | |
| 19 | linalyl acetate + citronellol | trace | |
| 10 | methyl heptenone | 0.380% | |
| 29 | methyl N-methyl anthranilate | 0.250% | |
| 5 | myrcene | 0.530% | |
| 20 | neral | 24.950% | |
| 26 | nerol | 5.340% | |
| 14 | nonanal | 0.400% | |
| 8 | beta-ocimene | 0.090% | |
| 13 | octyl acetate | 0.030% | |
| 1 | alpha-pinene | 0.150% | |
| 3 | beta-pinene | 4.520% | |
| 4 | sabinene | trace | |
| 18 | terpinen-4-ol | 0.040% | |
| 11 | gamma-terpinene | 0.790% | |
| 21 | alpha-terpineol | 1.090% | |
| 12 | terpinolene | 0.010% | |
| 24 | alpha-terpinyl acetate | 7.300% | |
| 36 | bisabolol | trace | |
| 23 | bornyl acetate | 0.430% | |
| 20 | beta-bourbonene | 0.130% | |
| 31 | delta-cadinene + geranyl acetate | 11.890% | |
| 37 | alpha-cadinol | 5.820% | |
| 34 | T-cadinol | 2.170% | |
| 32 | calamenene | 0.130% | |
| 4 | camphene | 5.240% | |
| 7 | delta-3-carene | 11.770% | |
| 26 | beta-caryophyllene | 0.400% | |
| 19 | alpha-copaene | 0.620% | |
| 18 | alpha-cubebene | 0.330% | |
| 14 | para-cymene | 0.090% | |
| 25 | beta-elemene | 4.810% | |
| 29 | germacrene D | 7.620% | |
| 17 | (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate | trace | |
| 27 | alpha-humulene | 0.860% | |
| 10 | limonene | 9.130% | |
| 21 | linalool | 0.070% | |
| 22 | linalyl acetate | 0.100% | |
| 15 | para-mentha-2,4(8)-diene | 0.070% | |
| 30 | alpha-muurolene | 1.870% | |
| 35 | alpha-muurolol | 1.510% | |
| 8 | myrcene | 1.520% | |
| 13 | beta-ocimene | 0.330% | |
| 11 | beta-phellandrene | 0.420% | |
| 3 | alpha-pinene | 9.950% | |
| 5 | beta-pinene | 1.200% | |
| 6 | sabinene | 0.300% | |
| 1 | santene | 0.170% | |
| 33 | spathulenol | 0.240% | |
| 24 | terpinen-4-ol | 0.390% | |
| 9 | alpha-terpinene | 0.130% | |
| 12 | gamma-terpinene | 0.230% | |
| 28 | alpha-terpineol | 0.100% | |
| 16 | terpinolene | 2.150% | |
| 2 | tricyclene | 0.380% |