artemisia deserti krasch. oil iran
References
G. Fournier, N. Pages, C. Fournier and G. Callen, Contribution to the study of the essential oil of various cultivars of ]uniperus sabina. Planta Med., 57, 392-393 (1991).
In 1993, Fournier et al. used GC and GC/MS to analyze eight commercial samples of Spanish sage oil. The components identified in seven of these oils were shown.
G. Fournier, N. Pages and I. Cosperic, Contribution to the study of Salvia Lavandulifolia essential oil: potential toxicity attributable to sabinyl acetate. Planta Med., 59, 96-97 (1993).
N. Pages, G. Fournier, V. Velut and C. Imberk, Potential teratogenicity in mice of the essential oil of Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl., Study of a fraction rich in sabinyl acetate. Phytother. Res., 6(2), 80-83 (1992).
In 1983 Cordoba Rodriguez examined the chemical composition of Spanish sage oil produced from more than 30 collections of plants from different areas in Spain. She determined that the oils possessed the following compositional range:
M. de los Angelos Cordoba Rodriguez, Contribucion al estudio del Aceite Esencial de Salvia Espanola (salvia lavandulaefolia Vahl.). PhD thesis, Univ. Complutense, Madrid, Spain (1983).
In 1993, Tucker et al. analyzed a commercial sample of wormwood oil by GC and GC/MS. The oil was found to possess the following composition:
Top 20 Components
All Components (350)
| # | Component | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8 | borneol | 0.500% | |
| 13 | bornyl acetate | 0.800% | |
| 1 | camphene | 1.000% | |
| 6 | camphor | 15.700% | |
| 3 | 1,8-cineole | 11.800% | |
| 2 | para-cymene | 1.200% | |
| 17 | davanone | 7.500% | |
| 16 | geranyl acetate | 1.000% | |
| 5 | (Z)-para-menth-2-en-1-ol | 0.500% | |
| 7 | (E)-para-menth-2-en-1-ol | 0.900% | |
| 11 | piperitol | 1.400% | |
| 12 | piperitone | 51.800% | |
| 4 | (Z)-sabinene hydrate | 0.600% | |
| 14 | (Z)-sabinene hydrate acetate | 1.400% | |
| 9 | terpinen-4-ol | 0.400% | |
| 10 | alpha-terpineol | 2.000% | |
| 15 | alpha-terpinyl acetate | 0.300% | |
| 163 | bicyclogermacrene | 0.370% | |
| 153 | bornyl angelate | 6.550% | |
| 164 | delta-cadinene | 0.310% | |
| 106 | camphene | 2.690% | |
| 100 | delta-2-carene | 2.900% | |
| 160 | caryophyllene oxide | 0.170% | |
| 151 | citronellyl butyrate | 2.630% | |
| 108 | decane | 2.370% | |
| 130 | dihydrolinalool acetate | 5.020% | |
| 134 | trans-dimethoxycitral | 0.130% | |
| 170 | beta-eudesmol | 1.660% | |
| 157 | eugenyl acetate | 1.870% | |
| 161 | geranyl butyrate | 0.110% | |
| 168 | guaiol | 0.210% | |
| 115 | trans-isolimonene | 5.780% | |
| 139 | para-menth-1-en-9-yl acetate | 0.200% | |
| 113 | para-mentha-1,5,8-triene | 4.050% | |
| 993 | beta-myrcene | 0.220% | |
| 123 | neral | 0.140% | |
| 116 | allo-ocimene | 6.080% | |
| 104 | beta-ocimene | 9.050% | |
| 117 | neo-allo-ocimene | 2.680% | |
| 136 | octadecanal | 1.650% | |
| 131 | 3-octen-1-yl acetate | 0.770% | |
| 214 | osthol | 0.720% | |
| 109 | alpha-phellandrene | 2.360% | |
| 110 | beta-phellandrene | 4.180% | |
| 107 | beta-pinene | 13.870% | |
| 122 | (Z)-sabinene hydrate acetate | 0.620% | |
| 165 | spathulenol | 1.130% | |
| 120 | terpinen-4-ol | 3.450% | |
| 111 | alpha-terpinene | 1.250% | |
| 146 | alpha-terpinyl isobutyrate | 3.700% | |
| 119 | 3-thujenol | 0.360% | |
| 141 | neo-iso-verbenyl acetate | 1.390% | |
| 18 | cadinene | 0.100% | |
| 3 | camphene | 0.100% | |
| 10 | 1,8-cineole | 0.200% | |
| 19 | citronellol | 0.200% | |
| 13 | para-cymene | 0.200% | |
| 20 | elemol | 0.200% | |
| 8 | limonene | 1.500% | |
| 5 | myrcene | 3.400% | |
| 6 | alpha-phellandrene | 0.200% | |
| 9 | beta-phellandrene | 0.200% | |
| 1 | alpha-pinene | 1.600% | |
| 4 | sabinene | 23.500% | |
| 17 | (Z)-sabinol | 0.300% | |
| 16 | (Z)-sabinyl acetate | 45.500% | |
| 15 | terpinen-4-ol | 3.100% | |
| 7 | alpha-terpinene | 0.500% | |
| 11 | gamma-terpinene | 1.300% | |
| 12 | terpinolene | 0.800% | |
| 2 | alpha-thujene | 0.900% | |
| 14 | beta-thujone | 1.100% | |
| 84 | (E)-anethole | 0.100% | |
| 139 | anhydrooplopanone | 0.200% | |
| 16 | benzaldehyde | trace | |
| 123 | bicyclogermacrene | 0.100% | |
| 129 | alpha-bisabolene | 0.200% | |
| 55 | borneol | 0.300% | |
| 83 | bornyl acetate | 0.700% | |
| 101 | bourbonene | 0.100% | |
| 23 | isobutyl 2-methyl butyrate | <0.10 | |
| 9 | isobutyl isobutyrate | trace | |
| 152 | cadalene | 0.100% | |
| 128 | cadina-1,4-diene | trace | |
| 125 | gamma-cadinene | 0.300% | |
| 126 | delta-cadinene | 0.400% | |
| 146 | T-cadinol | trace | |
| 150 | alpha-cadinol | 0.100% | |
| 130 | alpha-calacorene | 0.100% | |
| 133 | beta-calacorene | 0.100% | |
| 127 | calamenene | 0.100% | |
| 15 | camphene | 0.700% | |
| 47 | alpha-campholenic aldehyde | <0.10 | |
| 25 | delta-3-carene | <0.10 | |
| 89 | carvacrol | 0.100% | |
| 71 | trans-carveol | 0.200% | |
| 74 | cis-carveol | 0.100% | |
| 78 | carvone | 0.100% | |
| 95 | cis-carvyl acetate | 0.100% | |
| 145 | 3(15),7(14)-caryophylladien-6-ol | 0.600% | |
| 106 | beta-caryophyllene | 0.400% | |
| 136 | caryophyllene oxide | 0.900% | |
| 29 | 1,8-cineole | 21.800% | |
| 92 | 1,8-cineole-2-yl acetate | 0.400% | |
| 108 | cinnamyl acetate | 0.700% | |
| 100 | alpha-copaene | <0.10 | |
| 77 | cuminaldehyde | 0.100% | |
| 105 | cuminyl acetate | <0.10 | |
| 87 | cuminyl alcohol | 0.100% | |
| 60 | para-cymen-8-ol | 0.200% | |
| 27 | para-cymene | 1.500% | |
| 38 | para-cymenene | <0.10 | |
| 114 | (E)-3-decen-1-yl acetate | 0.300% | |
| 154 | dehydrocostus lactone | 0.200% | |
| 75 | 2,3-dimethoxytoluene | <0.10 | |
| 96 | 2-dodecanone | trace | |
| 102 | beta-elemene | 0.600% | |
| 131 | elemicin | 0.300% | |
| 147 | (E)-isoelemicin | 0.300% | |
| 21 | 1,8-epoxy-2-para-menthene | 0.200% | |
| 155 | eremanthin | 0.100% | |
| 2 | ethyl 2-methyl butyrate | trace | |
| 3 | ethyl isovalerate | trace | |
| 149 | alpha-eudesmol | 0.300% | |
| 148 | beta-eudesmol | 1.100% | |
| 142 | 10-epi-gamma-eudesmol | <0.10 | |
| 144 | gamma-eudesmol | trace | |
| 94 | eugenol | 2.900% | |
| 111 | (E)-isoeugenol | 0.200% | |
| 118 | (Z,E)-alpha-farnesene | <0.10 | |
| 153 | farnesyl acetone | <0.10 | |
| 14 | alpha-fenchene | <0.10 | |
| 110 | geranyl acetone | trace | |
| 115 | germacrene D | 0.100% | |
| 109 | guaia-6,9-diene | <0.10 | |
| 107 | alpha-guaiene | 0.100% | |
| 104 | alpha-gurjunene | <0.10 | |
| 22 | 2,4-heptadienal | trace | |
| 1 | hexanal | <0.10 | |
| 7 | hexanol | <0.10 | |
| 4 | (E)-2-hexenal | <0.10 | |
| 6 | (E)-2-hexen-1-ol | trace | |
| 5 | (E)-3-hexen-1-ol | 0.100% | |
| 41 | hotrienol | 0.100% | |
| 113 | alpha-humulene | 0.100% | |
| 140 | humulene oxide | 0.100% | |
| 151 | intermedeol | 0.300% | |
| 51 | ipsdienol | 0.100% | |
| 141 | laevo-junenol | 0.200% | |
| 138 | ledol | 0.300% | |
| 28 | limonene | 1.500% | |
| 39 | linalool | 2.000% | |
| 36 | (E)-linalool oxide furanoid | <0.10 | |
| 35 | (Z)-linalool oxide furanoid | <0.10 | |
| 49 | (Z)-para-menth-2-en-1-ol | 0.200% | |
| 46 | (E)-para-menth-2-en-1-ol | 0.200% | |
| 91 | para-mentha-1,4-dien-7-ol | 0.100% | |
| 57 | para-mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol | 0.200% | |
| 64 | para-mentha-1(7),2-dien-8-ol | 0.200% | |
| 61 | (E)-para-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol | 0.300% | |
| 73 | (Z)-para-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol | 0.300% | |
| 48 | (Z)-para-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol | 0.100% | |
| 45 | (E)-para-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol | 0.100% | |
| 42 | para-menthatriene | <0.10 | |
| 67 | methyl chavicol | <0.10 | |
| 103 | methyl eugenol | 3.500% | |
| 120 | (E)-methyl isoeugenol | 0.400% | |
| 65 | methyl salicylate | trace | |
| 19 | 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one | <0.10 | |
| 121 | gamma-muurolene | 0.100% | |
| 124 | alpha-muurolene | trace | |
| 20 | myrcene | 0.600% | |
| 68 | myrtenal | 0.400% | |
| 72 | nerol | 0.100% | |
| 52 | nerol oxide | 0.100% | |
| 132 | (E)-nerolidol | 0.100% | |
| 99 | neryl acetate | <0.10 | |
| 31 | 2-nonanone | trace | |
| 30 | (E)-beta-ocimene | <0.10 | |
| 134 | palustrol | trace | |
| 81 | phellandral | 0.100% | |
| 24 | alpha-phellandrene | 0.200% | |
| 97 | 3-phenyl propyl acetate | 0.100% | |
| 12 | alpha-pinene | 4.600% | |
| 18 | beta-pinene | 4.000% | |
| 50 | trans-pinocarveol | 0.100% | |
| 54 | pinocarvone | 0.200% | |
| 88 | pinocarvyl acetate | 0.100% | |
| 34 | pinol | <0.10 | |
| 43 | isopinol | 0.100% | |
| 66 | (Z)-piperitol | <0.10 | |
| 69 | (E)-piperitol | 0.100% | |
| 79 | piperitone | trace | |
| 8 | isopropyl 2-methyl butyrate | trace | |
| 62 | 4-isopropyl-2-cyclohexenone | trace | |
| 53 | sabinaketone | 0.100% | |
| 17 | sabinene | 5.300% | |
| 33 | (E)-sabinene hydrate | <0.10 | |
| 40 | (Z)-sabinene hydrate | trace | |
| 76 | sabinol | trace | |
| 86 | sabinyl acetate | 0.100% | |
| 112 | selina-4(15),5-diene | trace | |
| 119 | beta-selinene | 0.300% | |
| 122 | alpha-selinene | 0.300% | |
| 116 | gamma-selinene | trace | |
| 135 | spathulenol | 0.800% | |
| 59 | terpinen-4-ol | 4.300% | |
| 26 | alpha-terpinene | 1.300% | |
| 32 | gamma-terpinene | 1.800% | |
| 63 | alpha-terpineol | 3.100% | |
| 56 | delta-terpineol | 0.600% | |
| 37 | terpinolene | 0.700% | |
| 90 | delta-terpinyl acetate | 0.900% | |
| 93 | alpha-terpinyl acetate | 9.800% | |
| 13 | 2,4(10)-thujadiene | 0.100% | |
| 80 | 4-thujen-2-alpha-yl acetate | 0.500% | |
| 11 | alpha-thujene | 0.600% | |
| 44 | beta-thujone | trace | |
| 82 | thymol | trace | |
| 10 | tricyclene | <0.10 | |
| 117 | 2-tridecanone | 0.100% | |
| 58 | umbellulone | trace | |
| 85 | 2-undecanone | 0.200% | |
| 143 | valerianol | 0.200% | |
| 70 | verbenone | <0.10 | |
| 137 | viridiflorol | 0.300% | |
| 98 | alpha-ylangene | 0.100% | |
| 23 | beta-bisabolene | 2.800% | |
| 3 | camphene | trace | |
| 14 | camphor | 0.600% | |
| 20 | beta-caryophyllene | 3.900% | |
| 8 | para-cymene | 5.700% | |
| 22 | germacrene D | 0.200% | |
| 21 | alpha-humulene | 0.200% | |
| 18 | linalyl acetate | 26.100% | |
| 6 | myrcene | 2.900% | |
| 9 | (Z)-beta-ocimene | 4.100% | |
| 7 | alpha-phellandrene | 0.200% | |
| 2 | alpha-pinene | 0.800% | |
| 5 | beta-pinene | 0.500% | |
| 16 | (Z)-piperitol | 7.500% | |
| 17 | (E)-piperitol | 0.300% | |
| 4 | sabinene | 12.000% | |
| 11 | (E)-sabinene hydrate | 3.100% | |
| 13 | (Z)-sabinene hydrate | 8.700% | |
| 19 | (Z)-sabinene hydrate acetate | 0.500% | |
| 24 | spathulenol | 0.200% | |
| 10 | gamma-terpinene | 8.800% | |
| 15 | alpha-terpineol | 6.500% | |
| 12 | terpinolene | 2.000% | |
| 1 | alpha-thujene | 0.600% | |
| 20 | borneol | 0.800% | |
| 15 | bornyl acetate | 1.100% | |
| 3 | camphene | 5.700% | |
| 12 | camphor | 33.100% | |
| 16 | beta-caryophyllene | 0.800% | |
| 23 | caryophyllene oxide | 0.200% | |
| 8 | 1,8-cineole | 15.200% | |
| 10 | para-cymene | 1.100% | |
| 22 | geraniol | 0.200% | |
| 7 | limonene | 4.100% | |
| 13 | linalool | 1.600% | |
| 14 | linalyl acetate | 1.100% | |
| 6 | myrcene | 1.600% | |
| 2 | alpha-pinene | 4.500% | |
| 4 | beta-pinene | 3.100% | |
| 5 | sabinene | 1.100% | |
| 18 | (Z)-sabinyl acetate | 12.800% | |
| 17 | terpinen-4-ol | 0.500% | |
| 9 | gamma-terpinene | 0.100% | |
| 19 | alpha-terpineol | 0.400% | |
| 11 | terpinolene | 0.100% | |
| 21 | alpha-terpinyl acetate | 5.800% | |
| 1 | alpha-thujene | 0.100% | |
| 42 | aromadendrene | 0.0-0.2 | |
| 43 | allo-aromadendrene | 0.0-0.4 | |
| 38 | (Z)-alpha-bergamotene | 0.0-0.8 | |
| 45 | beta-bisabolene | 0.0-0.2 | |
| 23 | borneol | 1.5-6.4 | |
| 24 | isoborneol | 0.2-1.9 | |
| 33 | bornyl acetate | 0.8-4.9 | |
| 4 | camphene | 4.6-10.6 | |
| 19 | camphor | 12.9-36.1 | |
| 20 | carvone | 0.0-0.3 | |
| 40 | beta-caryophyllene | 0.2-3.7 | |
| 39 | isocaryophyllene | 0.0-0.8 | |
| 46 | caryophyllene oxide | 0.0-0.1 | |
| 18 | 1,8-cineole | 12.0-40.3 | |
| 36 | alpha-copaene | 0.0-0.1 | |
| 35 | alpha-cubebene | 0.0-0.2 | |
| 44 | ar-curcumene | 0.1-0.9 | |
| 10 | para-cymene | 0.4-2.1 | |
| 17 | alpha-para-dimethyl styrene | 0.0-0.4 | |
| 29 | geraniol | 0.1-0.7 | |
| 32 | geranyl acetate | 0.1-0.2 | |
| 37 | alpha-gurjunene | 0.0-0.2 | |
| 41 | alpha-humulene | 0.0-1.0 | |
| 11 | limonene | 2.4-5.0 | |
| 22 | linalool | 0.2-11.2 | |
| 30 | linalyl acetate | 0.1-5.8 | |
| 7 | myrcene | 1.0-4.9 | |
| 28 | nerol | 0.0-0.6 | |
| 31 | neryl acetate | 0.100% | |
| 13 | (E)-beta-ocimene | 0.0-0.4 | |
| 16 | (Z)-allo-ocimene | 0.0-0.3 | |
| 12 | (Z)-beta-ocimene | 0.0-2.2 | |
| 8 | alpha-phellandrene | 0.0-0.2 | |
| 3 | alpha-pinene | 4.7-10.9 | |
| 6 | beta-pinene | 3.3-7.3 | |
| 5 | sabinene | 0.6-2.2 | |
| 21 | (E)-sabinene hydrate | 0.1-0.6 | |
| 34 | (Z)-sabinyl acetate | 0.1-6.6 | |
| 25 | terpinen-4-ol | 0.2-0.8 | |
| 9 | alpha-terpinene | 0.0-0.1 | |
| 14 | gamma-terpinene | 0.0-0.7 | |
| 27 | alpha-terpineol | 0.1-1.9 | |
| 26 | delta-terpineol | 0.0-0.7 | |
| 15 | terpinolene | 0.0-0.3 | |
| 2 | alpha-thujene | 0.2-0.5 | |
| 1 | tricyclene | 0.0-0.5 | |
| 20 | beta-caryophyllene | 1.440% | |
| 30 | chamazulene | 0.110% | |
| 10 | 1,8-cineole | 0.620% | |
| 12 | para-cymene | 0.280% | |
| 17 | (Z)-epoxyocimene | 0.850% | |
| 3 | alpha-fenchene | 0.180% | |
| 29 | geraniol | 0.140% | |
| 28 | geranyl propionate | 2.080% | |
| 24 | germacrene D | 1.720% | |
| 14 | (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol | 0.390% | |
| 22 | lavandulol | 0.710% | |
| 19 | lavandulyl acetate | 1.810% | |
| 9 | limonene | 0.210% | |
| 18 | linalool | 1.740% | |
| 1 | (Z)-2-methyl-3-methylene-hept-5-ene | 0.240% | |
| 6 | myrcene | 1.320% | |
| 27 | nerol | 0.370% | |
| 26 | neryl isobutyrate | 1.440% | |
| 7 | alpha-phellandrene | 0.350% | |
| 2 | alpha-pinene | 0.690% | |
| 4 | beta-pinene | 0.190% | |
| 5 | sabinene | 2.910% | |
| 25 | beta-sabinene | 0.970% | |
| 23 | (Z)-sabinol | 2.700% | |
| 21 | (Z)-sabinyl acetate | 32.750% | |
| 8 | alpha-terpinene | 0.160% | |
| 11 | gamma-terpinene | 0.410% | |
| 13 | terpinolene | 0.050% | |
| 15 | alpha-thujone | 3.420% | |
| 16 | beta-thujone | 33.110% |