achillea millefolium oil greece
References
P. Chatzopoulou, S. T. Katsiotis and A. Baerheim Svendsen, An ascaridole containing essential oil of the Achilles millefolium L. complex growing wild in Northen Greece, J. Essent. Oil Res., 4, 457-459 (1992).
K. M. Kerrola and H. P. Kallio, Extraction of volatile compounds of Angelica (Angelica archangelica L.) root by liquid carbon dioxide. J. Agric. Food Chem., 42, 2234-2245 (1994).
K. M. Kerrola and H. P. Kallio, Extraction of volatile compounds of Angelica (Angelica archangelica L.) root by liquid carbon dioxide. J. Agric. Food Chem., 42, 2234-2245 (1994).
Mucciarelli et al. (1995) performed GC/MS analysis on oils obtained from a number of Artemisia species growing in northwest Italy. In this study, they determined that an oil of A. absinthum contained:
In 1993, Kalemba et al. compared the composition of oils obtained from Artemisia absinthum (absinthe) grown in Poland, using GC and GC/MS as their method of analysis. Oils produced from plants harvested at the pre-flowering stage, in full bloom and after flowering were found to possess quantitative differences in their compositions as shown in Table XI. In addition, the authors found that the oil was strongly toxic to Rhizopertha dominca (lesser grain boror), mildly toxic to Tribolium confusum (darkling grain beetle) and Sitophilus granarius (grain weevil). Also, it was repellent to S. granarius.
D. Kalemba, J. Gora, A. Kurowska, T. Majda and Z. Mielnizuk, Analysis of essential oils in respects of their influence to insects. Zeszyty Nauk. Politechnik. Lodz., No. 589, 5-14 (1993).
D. V. Banthorpe, G. C. Brown, J. F. Janes and I. M. Marr, Parthenolide and other volatiles in the flower heads of Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip. Flav. Fragr. J., 5, 183-185 (1990).
Top 20 Components
All Components (415)
| # | Component | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | artemisyl alcohol | 0.500% | |
| 16 | artemisyl ketone | trace | |
| 1 | artemisia triene | 0.400% | |
| 33 | ascaridole | 49.300% | |
| 55 | alpha-bisabolol | 0.100% | |
| 29 | isoborneol | 2.000% | |
| 50 | delta-cadinene | trace | |
| 49 | gamma-cadinene | trace | |
| 54 | alpha-cadinol | 0.100% | |
| 53 | T-cadinol | 0.100% | |
| 5 | camphene | 0.900% | |
| 26 | camphor | 8.100% | |
| 11 | delta-3-carene | trace | |
| 37 | carvacrol | trace | |
| 43 | beta-caryophyllene | 0.400% | |
| 52 | caryophyllene oxide | 0.200% | |
| 28 | (Z)-chrysanthenol | 0.200% | |
| 36 | chrysanthenyl acetate | trace | |
| 14 | 1,8-cineole | 10.500% | |
| 40 | alpha-copaene | trace | |
| 41 | beta-cubebene | 0.100% | |
| 46 | ar-curcumene | trace | |
| 13 | para-cymene | 7.400% | |
| 42 | beta-elemene | trace | |
| 44 | (E)-beta-farnesene | trace | |
| 35 | geranial | 0.300% | |
| 47 | germacrene D | trace | |
| 45 | alpha-humulene | trace | |
| 39 | (Z)-jasmone | 0.800% | |
| 27 | lavandulol | 0.100% | |
| 15 | limonene | 0.100% | |
| 22 | linalool | 0.500% | |
| 48 | alpha-muurolene | trace | |
| 9 | myrcene | trace | |
| 51 | (E)-nerolidol | trace | |
| 6 | 1-octen-3-ol | trace | |
| 10 | alpha-phellandrene | trace | |
| 4 | alpha-pinene | 0.400% | |
| 8 | beta-pinene | 0.300% | |
| 7 | sabinene | 0.400% | |
| 19 | (E)-sabinene hydrate | 0.400% | |
| 25 | (Z)-sabinene hydrate | 0.500% | |
| 30 | terpinen-4-ol | 1.100% | |
| 12 | alpha-terpinene | 7.000% | |
| 18 | gamma-terpinene | 0.300% | |
| 31 | alpha-terpineol | 0.500% | |
| 21 | terpinolene | 0.300% | |
| 3 | alpha-thujene | trace | |
| 23 | alpha-thujone | 1.500% | |
| 24 | beta-thujone | 0.200% | |
| 34 | thujyl isobutyrate | 1.400% | |
| 38 | thymol | 0.100% | |
| 2 | tricyclene | trace | |
| 32 | verbenone | 0.200% | |
| 17 | yomogi alcohol | 1.700% | |
| 34 | bicyclogermacrene | 0.600% | |
| 35 | beta-bisabolene | trace | |
| 15 | bornyl acetate | 1.800% | |
| 36 | gamma-cadinene | 0.300% | |
| 3 | camphene | trace | |
| 6 | delta-3-carene | 1.700% | |
| 28 | beta-caryophyllene | 0.500% | |
| 29 | isocaryophyllene | 2.000% | |
| 26 | beta-cedrene | trace | |
| 46 | cedrol | 0.500% | |
| 16 | chrysanthenyl acetate | trace | |
| 17 | chrysanthenyl acetate | 2.300% | |
| 39 | alpha-copaen-11-ol | 0.400% | |
| 40 | alpha-copaen-8-ol | 1.100% | |
| 24 | alpha-copaene | 0.200% | |
| 23 | alpha-cubebene | trace | |
| 21 | cumin alcohol | 0.400% | |
| 38 | cuparene | trace | |
| 22 | para-cymen-8-ol | trace | |
| 13 | para-cymene | 0.800% | |
| 49 | (E,E)-2,4-decadienal | 0.700% | |
| 44 | dihydroeudesmol | 1.300% | |
| 50 | (E,E)-2,4-dodecadien-1-al | 0.600% | |
| 27 | beta-elemene | trace | |
| 25 | gamma-elemene | 1.300% | |
| 41 | elemol | 3.600% | |
| 45 | beta-eudesmol | 1.500% | |
| 31 | (Z)-beta-farnesene | 0.300% | |
| 32 | germacrene D | 1.700% | |
| 60 | heptadecanyl acetate | 1.600% | |
| 59 | hexadecanol | 0.600% | |
| 47 | hexanal | 0.700% | |
| 9 | limonene | 1.700% | |
| 56 | 12-methyl-13-tridecanolide | 1.100% | |
| 33 | gamma-muurolene | trace | |
| 8 | myrcene | 1.200% | |
| 12 | (E)-beta-ocimene | trace | |
| 61 | octadecanol | 0.900% | |
| 54 | pentadecanol | 0.900% | |
| 58 | 15-pentadecanolide | 7.700% | |
| 19 | phellandral | 1.400% | |
| 7 | alpha-phellandrene | 0.500% | |
| 10 | beta-phellandrene | 16.700% | |
| 2 | alpha-pinene | 11.800% | |
| 4 | beta-pinene | 0.900% | |
| 43 | rosifoliol | 0.600% | |
| 5 | sabinene | 9.100% | |
| 30 | beta-selinene | 3.500% | |
| 42 | spathulenol | 0.300% | |
| 11 | gamma-terpinene | 0.200% | |
| 14 | terpinolene | trace | |
| 51 | tetradecanal | 0.400% | |
| 53 | tetradecanol | 2.600% | |
| 57 | tetradecanyl acetate | 0.500% | |
| 1 | alpha-thujene | trace | |
| 20 | (Z)-thujenol | 0.200% | |
| 37 | thujopsene | 0.600% | |
| 52 | tridecanal | 0.500% | |
| 55 | 13-tridecanolide | 0.400% | |
| 18 | 4,4,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one | 0.300% | |
| 48 | 5-undecen-3-yne | trace | |
| 34 | bicyclogermacrene | 0.600% | |
| 35 | beta-bisabolene | trace | |
| 15 | bornyl acetate | 1.800% | |
| 36 | gamma-cadinene | 0.300% | |
| 3 | camphene | trace | |
| 6 | delta-3-carene | 1.700% | |
| 28 | beta-caryophyllene | 0.500% | |
| 29 | isocaryophyllene | 2.000% | |
| 26 | beta-cedrene | trace | |
| 46 | cedrol | 0.500% | |
| 16 | chrysanthenyl acetate | trace | |
| 17 | chrysanthenyl acetate | 2.300% | |
| 39 | alpha-copaen-11-ol | 0.400% | |
| 40 | alpha-copaen-8-ol | 1.100% | |
| 24 | alpha-copaene | 0.200% | |
| 23 | alpha-cubebene | trace | |
| 21 | cumin alcohol | 0.400% | |
| 38 | cuparene | trace | |
| 22 | para-cymen-8-ol | trace | |
| 13 | para-cymene | 0.800% | |
| 49 | (E,E)-2,4-decadienal | 0.700% | |
| 44 | dihydroeudesmol | 1.300% | |
| 50 | (E,E)-2,4-dodecadien-1-al | 0.600% | |
| 27 | beta-elemene | trace | |
| 25 | gamma-elemene | 1.300% | |
| 41 | elemol | 3.600% | |
| 45 | beta-eudesmol | 1.500% | |
| 31 | (Z)-beta-farnesene | 0.300% | |
| 32 | germacrene D | 1.700% | |
| 60 | heptadecanyl acetate | 1.600% | |
| 59 | hexadecanol | 0.600% | |
| 47 | hexanal | 0.700% | |
| 9 | limonene | 1.700% | |
| 56 | 12-methyl-13-tridecanolide | 1.100% | |
| 33 | gamma-muurolene | trace | |
| 8 | myrcene | 1.200% | |
| 12 | (E)-beta-ocimene | trace | |
| 61 | octadecanol | 0.900% | |
| 54 | pentadecanol | 0.900% | |
| 58 | 15-pentadecanolide | 7.700% | |
| 19 | phellandral | 1.400% | |
| 7 | alpha-phellandrene | 0.500% | |
| 10 | beta-phellandrene | 16.700% | |
| 2 | alpha-pinene | 11.800% | |
| 4 | beta-pinene | 0.900% | |
| 43 | rosifoliol | 0.600% | |
| 5 | sabinene | 9.100% | |
| 30 | beta-selinene | 3.500% | |
| 42 | spathulenol | 0.300% | |
| 11 | gamma-terpinene | 0.200% | |
| 14 | terpinolene | trace | |
| 51 | tetradecanal | 0.400% | |
| 53 | tetradecanol | 2.600% | |
| 57 | tetradecanyl acetate | 0.500% | |
| 1 | alpha-thujene | trace | |
| 20 | (Z)-thujenol | 0.200% | |
| 37 | thujopsene | 0.600% | |
| 52 | tridecanal | 0.500% | |
| 55 | 13-tridecanolide | 0.400% | |
| 18 | 4,4,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one | 0.300% | |
| 48 | 5-undecen-3-yne | trace | |
| 17 | artemisyl alcohol | trace | |
| 46 | artemisyl ketone | trace | |
| 31 | ascaridole | trace | |
| 55 | (E)-alpha-bergamotol | trace | |
| 54 | alpha-bisabolol | trace | |
| 58 | bisabolol oxide | trace | |
| 36 | borneol | trace | |
| 42 | bornyl acetate | trace | |
| 56 | alpha-cadinol | trace | |
| 4 | camphene | trace | |
| 47 | camphenilone | trace | |
| 21 | camphor | 0.400% | |
| 59 | carvacrol | 0.300% | |
| 39 | trans-carveol | trace | |
| 25 | carvone | trace | |
| 50 | beta-caryophyllene | 0.500% | |
| 57 | caryophyllene oxide | 0.400% | |
| 41 | (E)-chrysanthenyl acetate | trace | |
| 40 | (Z)-chrysanthenyl acetate | trace | |
| 28 | 1,8-cineole | 2.000% | |
| 48 | alpha-copaene | 0.200% | |
| 52 | epi-cubenol | trace | |
| 45 | cuminaldehyde | 0.200% | |
| 12 | para-cymene | 1.000% | |
| 26 | damascenone | trace | |
| 27 | 2,3-dihydro-1,8-cineole | trace | |
| 29 | (Z)-epoxyocimene | trace | |
| 3 | alpha-fenchene | trace | |
| 10 | limonene | 0.100% | |
| 18 | linalool | trace | |
| 30 | linalool oxide | 0.100% | |
| 7 | myrcene | trace | |
| 44 | myrtenal | 0.100% | |
| 38 | myrtenol | 0.100% | |
| 51 | (E)-nerolidol | trace | |
| 37 | nojiku alcohol | trace | |
| 8 | alpha-phellandrene | trace | |
| 1 | alpha-pinene | 0.300% | |
| 5 | beta-pinene | 0.700% | |
| 22 | isopinocamphone | trace | |
| 33 | pinocarveol | trace | |
| 23 | pinocarvone | 0.200% | |
| 6 | sabinene | 1.600% | |
| 14 | (E)-sabinene hydrate | 0.200% | |
| 43 | sabinyl acetate | 1.600% | |
| 49 | gamma-selinene | 0.600% | |
| 53 | spathulenol | 0.100% | |
| 32 | terpinen-4-ol | 1.300% | |
| 9 | alpha-terpinene | 0.300% | |
| 11 | gamma-terpinene | 0.600% | |
| 35 | alpha-terpineol | trace | |
| 13 | terpinolene | 0.100% | |
| 16 | (Z)-thuj-2-en-4-ol | 0.400% | |
| 2 | alpha-thujene | 0.300% | |
| 19 | alpha-thujone | 67.500% | |
| 20 | beta-thujone | 18.200% | |
| 34 | (E)-verbenol | trace | |
| 24 | verbenone | trace | |
| 15 | yomogi alcohol | trace | |
| 21 | alpha-bisabolol | 0.740% | |
| 1 | camphene | 0.950% | |
| 5 | delta-3-carene | trace | |
| 11 | beta-caryophyllene | 2.740% | |
| 13 | chrysanthenyl acetate | 6.950% | |
| 6 | 1,8-cineole | 12.660% | |
| 7 | para-cymene | 0.770% | |
| 16 | dihydrocarvyl acetate + alpha-terpineol | 6.310% | |
| 18 | geranyl acetate | trace | |
| 12 | linalool | 0.910% | |
| 20 | nerol | trace | |
| 17 | neryl acetate | 0.560% | |
| 19 | neryl propionate | 0.520% | |
| 8 | beta-phellandrene | 0.120% | |
| 2 | alpha-pinene | 3.230% | |
| 3 | beta-pinene | 0.390% | |
| 4 | sabinene + myrcene | 5.670% | |
| 15 | sabinyl acetate | 20.130% | |
| 14 | terpinen-4-ol | 1.730% | |
| 9 | alpha-thujone | 8.030% | |
| 10 | beta-thujone | 16.910% | |
| 13 | artemisyl alcohol | 0.100% | |
| 9 | borneol | 0.700% | |
| 16 | bornyl acetate | 0.100% | |
| 27 | delta-cadinene | trace | |
| 28 | gamma-cadinene | trace | |
| 3 | camphene | 1.800% | |
| 21 | camphor | 10.300% | |
| 12 | carvacrol | trace | |
| 23 | beta-caryophyllene | 0.800% | |
| 22 | chrysanthenone | 4.200% | |
| 17 | chrysanthenyl acetate | trace | |
| 14 | 1,8-cineole | 14.000% | |
| 4 | para-cymene | 0.100% | |
| 26 | beta-elemene | 1.700% | |
| 24 | alpha-guaiene | 3.100% | |
| 25 | alpha-humulene | trace | |
| 10 | myrtenol | trace | |
| 18 | myrtenyl acetate | trace | |
| 1 | alpha-pinene | 1.500% | |
| 2 | beta-pinene | 0.800% | |
| 5 | alpha-terpinene | 0.200% | |
| 7 | gamma-terpinene | 1.500% | |
| 8 | alpha-terpineol | 5.300% | |
| 15 | alpha-terpinyl acetate | 0.100% | |
| 6 | alpha-thujene | 0.100% | |
| 19 | alpha-thujone | 23.900% | |
| 20 | beta-thujone | 20.100% | |
| 11 | thymol | trace | |
| 26 | isoamyl isovalerate | 0.200% | |
| 30 | benzyl 2-methyl butyrate | 0.500% | |
| 15 | benzyl alcohol | trace | |
| 17 | borneol + sabinol + terpinen-4-ol | 0.400% | |
| 29 | bornyl acetate | 0.700% | |
| 9 | butyl benzene | trace | |
| 4 | camphene | 0.700% | |
| 24 | camphor | 18.900% | |
| 7 | delta-3-carene | trace | |
| 11 | beta-caryophyllene | trace | |
| 21 | caryophyllene oxide | 0.400% | |
| 28 | (E)-chrysanthenyl acetate | 15.500% | |
| 8 | para-cymene | 0.500% | |
| 31 | dehydrosassaurea lactone | 0.600% | |
| 13 | 3-docosene | 6.000% | |
| 27 | ethyl octanoate | 0.100% | |
| 20 | eugenol | 0.100% | |
| 12 | alpha-farnesene | trace | |
| 22 | hexanal | trace | |
| 23 | (E)-2-hexenal | trace | |
| 14 | (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol | trace | |
| 1 | 2-methyl-2,4-pentadiene | 0.200% | |
| 6 | myrcene | trace | |
| 32 | parthenolide | 28.400% | |
| 3 | alpha-pinene | 0.200% | |
| 5 | beta-pinene + sabinene | 0.200% | |
| 25 | pinocarvone | 0.200% | |
| 16 | sabinene hydrate | trace | |
| 19 | beta-sitosterol | 2.600% | |
| 33 | spiroketal enol ethers | 6.500% | |
| 18 | stigmasterol | trace | |
| 10 | gamma-terpinene | 0.100% | |
| 2 | alpha-thujene | 0.200% | |
| 2 | benzaldehyde | trace | |
| 27 | benzyl isobutyrate | trace | |
| 33 | benzyl isovalerate | trace | |
| 25 | benzyl propionate | trace | |
| 19 | borneol | 0.600% | |
| 26 | bornyl acetate | 1.900% | |
| 44 | C13-compound (spiroketal ether polyines) | 0.840% | |
| 45 | C14-compound (spiroketal ether polyines) | trace | |
| 41 | delta-cadinene | trace | |
| 4 | camphene | 6.460% | |
| 17 | camphor | 42.730% | |
| 29 | carvacrol | trace | |
| 35 | beta-caryophyllene | 0.530% | |
| 43 | caryophyllene oxide | 2.060% | |
| 16 | (E)-chrysanthenol | 1.420% | |
| 24 | (E)-chrysanthenyl acetate | 24.000% | |
| 42 | (E)-chrysanthenyl angelate | trace | |
| 39 | (E)-chrysanthenyl isovalerate | trace | |
| 30 | (E)-chrysanthenyl propionate | trace | |
| 10 | 1,8-cineole | trace | |
| 34 | alpha-copaene | trace | |
| 23 | cuminaldehyde | trace | |
| 38 | curcumene | trace | |
| 8 | para-cymene | 0.630% | |
| 14 | para-cymenene | trace | |
| 20 | para-ethyl benzaldehyde | trace | |
| 37 | beta-farnesene | 2.520% | |
| 40 | germacrene D | 3.000% | |
| 36 | alpha-humulene | trace | |
| 9 | limonene | trace | |
| 31 | linalyl propionate | trace | |
| 11 | para-methyl benzaldehyde | trace | |
| 3 | alpha-pinene | 1.650% | |
| 6 | beta-pinene | 0.270% | |
| 18 | pinocarvone | 0.140% | |
| 5 | sabinene | 0.330% | |
| 13 | sabinene hydrate | 0.100% | |
| 21 | terpinen-4-ol | 0.270% | |
| 7 | alpha-terpinene | 2.980% | |
| 12 | gamma-terpinene | 1.870% | |
| 22 | alpha-terpineol | 0.170% | |
| 15 | terpinolene | trace | |
| 1 | alpha-thujene | 0.700% | |
| 32 | thujopsene | 0.100% | |
| 28 | thymol | trace | |
| 12 | borneol | 1.000% | |
| 16 | bornyl acetate | 0.700% | |
| 21 | delta-cadinene | trace | |
| 3 | camphene | 5.400% | |
| 11 | camphor | 44.200% | |
| 18 | beta-caryophyllene | trace | |
| 15 | (E)-chrysanthenyl acetate | 23.500% | |
| 7 | para-cymene | 3.100% | |
| 17 | eugenol | trace | |
| 19 | beta-farnesene | 0.800% | |
| 20 | germacrene D | 4.600% | |
| 8 | limonene | 0.500% | |
| 10 | linalool | 1.300% | |
| 6 | alpha-phellandrene | 0.600% | |
| 2 | alpha-pinene | 1.000% | |
| 5 | beta-pinene | trace | |
| 13 | pinocarvone | trace | |
| 4 | sabinene | trace | |
| 14 | terpinen-4-ol | 2.800% | |
| 9 | gamma-terpinene | 1.000% | |
| 1 | alpha-thujene | 0.600% | |
| 21 | borneol | 12.490% | |
| 3 | camphene | 3.310% | |
| 18 | camphor | 9.140% | |
| 28 | carvone | 0.840% | |
| 16 | chrysanthenone | 4.040% | |
| 29 | chrysanthenyl acetate | 0.200% | |
| 30 | alpha-copaene | 0.100% | |
| 7 | para-cymene | 0.370% | |
| 27 | isodihydrocarveol + nerol | 0.440% | |
| 26 | (E)-dihydrocarvone | 22.290% | |
| 25 | (Z)-dihydrocarvone | 3.880% | |
| 12 | alpha-para-dimethyl styrene | 0.100% | |
| 31 | germacrene D | 0.940% | |
| 8 | limonene | 0.070% | |
| 14 | linalool | 0.260% | |
| 20 | lyratol | 0.190% | |
| 13 | (E)-para-menth-2-en-1-ol | 0.140% | |
| 11 | (Z)-para-menth-2-en-1-ol | 0.200% | |
| 9 | beta-phellandrene + 1,8-cineole | 13.530% | |
| 2 | alpha-pinene | 1.340% | |
| 5 | beta-pinene | 0.970% | |
| 17 | pinocarveol | 0.570% | |
| 19 | pinocarvone | 0.830% | |
| 4 | sabinene | 2.670% | |
| 23 | terpinen-4-ol | 1.030% | |
| 6 | alpha-terpinene | 0.230% | |
| 10 | gamma-terpinene | 0.370% | |
| 24 | alpha-terpineol | 0.390% | |
| 15 | beta-thujone | 11.640% | |
| 1 | tricyclene | 0.210% | |
| 22 | umbellulone | 1.860% |