bergamot oil

gc1105661
Essential Oil 539 components

References

A. Verzera, G. Lamonica, L. Mondello, A. Trozzi and G. Dugo, The composition of bergamot oil. Perfum. Flavor., 21(6), 19-34 (1996).
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P&F 24, No. 5, 45, (1999)
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M. J. Prager and M. A. Miskiewicz, Gas chromatographic/mass Spectrometric analysis identification and detection of adulteration of perfumery products from bitter orange. trees. J. Assoc. Offic. Anal. Chem., 64, 131-136 (1981).
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P&F 22, No. 6, 45, (1997)
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P&F 22, No. 6, 45, (1997)
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P&F 22, No. 1, 49, (1997)
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R. Engel, M. Gutmann, C. Harisch, H. Koloclziej and A. Nahstedt, Study on the composition of the volatile fraction of Hamamelis virginiana. Planta Med., 64, 251-258 (1998).
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P&F 21, No. 3, 55, (1996)
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In 1996, Guillen et a!. analyzed an oil of spike lavender produced from plants cultivated in northeastern Spain. The components identified in this oil on using GC and GC/ MS as the analytical procedures were as follows:
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P&F 26, No. 3, 66, (2001)
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M. C. Soriano, J. A. Sotomayor, E. Correal, P. Sanchez Gomez and C. Garcia-Vallejo, Chemical composition of the essential oil of Thymus x arundanas Willk. and its parents T. mastichina L. and T. baeticus Boiss ex Lacaita. J. Essent. Oil Res., 9, 593-594 (1997).
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P&F 26, No. 1, 36, (2001)
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L-F. Zhu and B-Y. Lu, Analysis of the fragrance and the extracted pure oil of Michelia flowers. J. Chinese Org. Chem., 4, 275-282 (1984).
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P&F 25, No. 4, 55, (2000)
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M. J, Perez-Alomo, A, Velwco-Negueruela, M. D. Dwa, M. Harmanda and J. L. Estaben, Composition of the essential oils of Ocimum basilicum var. glabratum and Rosmarinus officinalis from Turkey. J. Essent. Oil Res., 7, 73-75 (1995).
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P&F 23, No. 6, 53, (1998)
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P&F 18, No. 5, 43, (1993)
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J. Abaul, P. Bourgeois and J. M. Bessiere, Chemical composition of the essential oils of chemotypes of Pimenta racemosa var. racemosa (P. Miller) J. W. Moore (Bois d’ lnde) of Guadaloupe (F. W. I.). Flav. Fragr. J., 10, 319-321 (1995).
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P&F 22, No. 6, 45, (1997)
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Top 20 Components

All Components (539)

# Component %
60 (E)-alpha-bergamotene 0.162-0.437
58 (Z)-alpha-bergamotene 0.017-0.048
66 bicyclogermacrene 0.012-0.076
67 (Z)-alpha-bisabolene 0.000-trace
70 (Z)-gamma-bisabolene 0.000-0.010
69 beta-bisabolene 0.212-0.648
76 alpha-bisabolol 0.007-0.030
45 bornyl acetate 0.010-0.037
4 camphene 0.019-0.053
75 campherenol 0.007-0.023
30 camphor 0.001-0.012
11 delta-3-carene 0.001-0.009
39 carvone 0.000-trace
59 beta-caryophyllene 0.154-0.524
15 1,8-cineole 0.010-0.022
31 citronellal 0.005-0.030
53 citronellyl acetate 0.007-0.053
13 para-cymene 0.010-0.893
35 decanal 0.037-0.103
43 2-decenal 0.000-0.009
57 decyl acetate 0.009-0.053
74 2,3-dimethyl-3-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2-norbornanol 0.006-0.024
56 dodecanal 0.002-0.055
34 dodecane 0.000-0.006
64 dodecanol 0.000-0.009
51 delta-elemene 0.000-0.007
68 (E,E)-alpha-farnesene 0.000-trace
62 (Z)-beta-farnesene 0.033-0.089
44 geranial + perillaldehyde 0.199-0.494
42 geraniol 0.000-0.010
55 geranyl acetate 0.107-0.799
71 germacrene B 0.000-0.001
65 germacrene D 0.033-0.106
26 heptyl acetate trace-0.019
10 hexyl acetate 0.000-0.002
61 alpha-humulene 0.009-0.045
46 indole 0.000-0.009
14 limonene + beta-phellandrene 25.385-53.187
28 (E)-limonene oxide 0.001-0.015
27 (Z)-limonene oxide 0.001-0.019
24 linalool 1.745-22.681
23 (E)-linalool oxide 0.000-trace
21 (Z)-linalool oxide 0.000-trace
41 linalyl acetate 15.616-41.363
50 linalyl propionate 0.013-0.066
49 methyl geranate 0.002-0.015
6 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one 0.001-0.009
7 myrcene 0.635-1.575
38 neral 0.105-0.344
37 nerol + citronellol 0.010-0.111
72 (E)-nerolidol 0.007-0.036
54 neryl acetate 0.126-0.670
25 nonanal 0.012-0.076
48 nonyl acetate 0.004-0.053
77 nootkatone 0.010-0.095
17 (E)-beta-ocimene 0.104-0.361
16 (Z)-beta-ocimene 0.011-0.068
8 octanal 0.025-0.084
20 octanol 0.001-0.021
36 octyl acetate 0.071-0.199
9 alpha-phellandrene 0.016-0.056
3 alpha-pinene 0.720-1.844
5 beta-pinene + sabinene 4.814-12.802
29 isopulegol 0.000-0.004
19 (Z)-sabinene hydrate 0.015-0.063
40 (E)-sabinene hydrate acetate 0.048-0.127
63 (Z)-beta-santalene 0.001-0.016
32 terpinen-4-ol 0.008-0.042
12 alpha-terpinene 0.081-0.282
18 gamma-terpinene 5.266-11.151
33 alpha-terpineol 0.030-0.126
22 terpinolene 0.210-0.476
52 alpha-terpinyl acetate 0.071-0.263
73 tetradecanal 0.000-0.010
2 alpha-thujene 0.187-0.491
1 tricyclene 0.001-0.005
47 undecanal 0.004-0.024
17 farnesol 0.0-1.9
12 geraniol 3.8-7.6
10 geranyl acetate 0.0-1.1
18 indole 0.0-3.2
2 limonene 0.0-2.2
5 linalool 40.0-53.0
3 (E)-linalool oxide 1.0-3.7
4 (Z)-linalool oxide 0.6-2.3
6 linalyl acetate 0-2.4
16 methyl anthranilate 2.0-11.4
11 nerol 1.7-2.7
15 nerolidol 0.0-1.5
9 neryl acetate 0.0-0.6
13 2-phenethyl alcohol 0.9-3.9
1 beta-pinene 0.0-1.1
7 terpinen-4-ol + beta-caryophyllene 0.6-2.0
8 alpha-terpineol 13.0-22.0
3 camphene 0.040%
33 beta-caryophyllene 0.070%
8 para-cymene 0.040%
35 (E,Z)-farnesol 0.440%
22 geraniol 0.400%
27 geranyl acetate 1.170%
14 hexyl acetate 0.040%
31 indole 0.450%
28 (Z)-jasmone 0.150%
9 limonene 11.500%
17 linalool 34.600%
16 (E)-linalool oxide 0.160%
15 (Z)-linalool oxide 0.220%
23 linalyl acetate 23.600%
32 methyl anthranilate 0.980%
29 (Z)-methyl jasmonate 0.030%
6 myrcene 1.110%
21 nerol 0.230%
34 (E)-nerolidol 1.210%
26 neryl acetate 0.790%
11 (E)-beta-ocimene 4.540%
10 (Z)-beta-ocimene 0.400%
24 2-phenethyl acetate 0.180%
18 2-phenethyl alcohol 0.640%
2 alpha-pinene 0.460%
5 beta-pinene 8.790%
4 sabinene 1.100%
19 terpinen-4-ol 0.140%
7 alpha-terpinene 0.040%
12 gamma-terpinene 0.060%
20 alpha-terpineol 1.130%
13 terpinolene 0.160%
25 alpha-terpinyl acetate 0.140%
1 alpha-thujene trace
54 bornyl acetate trace
23 2-butanol 0.010%
20 delta-cadinene 0.860%
65 carvacrol trace
32 trans-carveol trace
34 cis-carveol trace
49 carvone trace
12 caryophyllene 0.070%
71 1,8-cineole trace
44 citronellal 0.030%
31 citronellol 0.020%
37 citronellyl acetate 0.030%
11 alpha-copaene 0.060%
46 cuminaldehyde trace
33 para-cymen-8-ol trace
8 para-cymene 0.220%
40 decanal 0.080%
43 (E)-2-decenal trace
38 decyl acetate 0.010%
48 dihydrocarvone trace
42 dodecanal 0.030%
62 dodecyl acetate trace
13 beta-elemene trace
10 delta-elemene trace
36 beta-elemol 0.010%
22 ethanol 0.020%
51 ethyl propionate trace
18 (E,E)-alpha-farnesene 0.530%
57 geranyl acetate 0.110%
60 geranyl propionate trace
15 germacrene D 0.460%
52 heptyl acetate trace
14 alpha-humulene 0.100%
72 indole trace
29 limonen-4-ol 0.010%
6 limonene 88.390%
70 (E)-1,2-limonene epoxide trace
69 (Z)-1,2-limonene epoxide trace
27 linalool 0.820%
67 (E)-linalool oxide trace
68 (Z)-linalool oxide trace
59 para-menth-1-en-9-yl acetate trace
61 para-menth-1,8(10)-dien-9-yl acetate 0.030%
35 para-mentha-1,8(10)-dien-9-ol 0.010%
47 methyl heptenone trace
4 myrcene 1.000%
56 neryl acetate 0.030%
39 nonanal trace
55 nonyl acetate 0.010%
50 nootkatone 0.030%
19 octanal trace
53 octyl acetate 0.030%
26 pentanol trace
25 2-pentanol 0.010%
24 3-pentanol trace
45 perillaldehyde trace
63 perillyl acetate 0.010%
66 phenol trace
1 alpha-pinene 0.640%
2 beta-pinene 0.160%
3 sabinene 0.240%
17 alpha-selinene trace
16 beta-selinene trace
28 terpinen-4-ol 0.030%
5 alpha-terpinene 0.410%
7 gamma-terpinene 4.800%
30 alpha-terpineol 0.210%
9 terpinolene 0.130%
64 thymol trace
41 undecanal 0.010%
21 undecane trace
58 undecyl acetate trace
14 borneol 0.300%
3 camphene 0.200%
13 camphor 8.900%
8 1,8-cineole 0.100%
7 para-cymene 2.600%
18 geraniol 2.300%
19 geranyl acetate 1.700%
9 limonene 1.400%
12 linalool 67.500%
15 (E)-linalool oxide 0.300%
11 (Z)-linalool oxide 0.300%
5 myrcene 0.600%
17 nerol 0.100%
2 alpha-pinene 1.800%
4 beta-pinene 0.300%
6 alpha-terpinene <0.10
10 gamma-terpinene 4.500%
16 alpha-terpineol 0.400%
1 alpha-thujene <0.10
21 (E)-alpha-bergamotene 0.100%
24 beta-bisabolenol 0.500%
20 beta-caryophyllene 0.100%
23 caryophyllene oxide 0.100%
12 citronellol <0.10
18 alpha-cyclogeraniol 0.300%
8 2,2-dimethyl-3,4-octadienal 0.300%
26 (E,E)-farnesyl acetate 0.300%
25 (Z,E)-farnesyl acetate 0.200%
15 geranial 19.500%
9 geraniol 0.100%
17 geranyl formate 0.400%
7 linalool 1.500%
6 (E)-linalool oxide <0.10
5 (Z)-linalool oxide <0.10
2 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one 1.800%
3 myrcene 1.700%
13 neral 38.200%
19 neryl acetate 0.700%
4 isophorone <0.10
1 alpha-pinene 0.100%
14 piperitone <0.10
10 alpha-thujone 0.200%
11 beta-thujone 0.200%
22 2-tridecanone 0.400%
16 2-undecanone 0.500%
3 decane 0.010%
18 docosane 1.270%
4 dodecane 0.030%
15 eicosane 0.600%
12 heptadecane 0.310%
10 hexadecane 0.070%
11 1-hexadecyne 0.160%
19 2-methyl docosane 0.020%
16 2-methyl heneicosane 0.020%
17 3-methyl heneicosane 0.010%
7 3-methyl tetradecane 0.270%
14 nonadecane 0.780%
2 nonane 0.010%
13 octadecane 0.120%
1 octane 0.590%
8 pentadecane 0.100%
6 tetradecane 0.230%
20 tricosane 10.380%
5 tridecane 0.540%
9 4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene 0.230%
33 aromadendrene 1.020%
31 bergamotene 0.190%
36 alpha-bisabolol 2.090%
19 borneol 2.300%
4 camphene 0.220%
18 camphor 7.900%
30 beta-caryophyllene 1.860%
11 1,8-cineole 5.830%
10 ortho-cymene 0.140%
27 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl acetate 3.080%
32 (Z)-beta-farnesene 2.230%
25 geraniol trace
29 geranyl acetate 0.710%
9 hexyl acetate 0.150%
23 hexyl butyrate 0.350%
20 lavandulol 0.310%
17 linalool 25.290%
16 (E)-linalool oxide 0.910%
15 (Z)-linalool oxide 0.830%
26 linalyl acetate 34.690%
14 para-menth-2-en-1-ol 0.300%
1 2-methyl cyclopentanol 0.720%
34 gamma-muurolene 0.840%
35 alpha-muurolol 0.540%
8 myrcene 1.190%
24 nerol trace
28 neryl acetate 0.330%
13 (E)-beta-ocimene 0.720%
12 (Z)-beta-ocimene 0.580%
6 1-octen-3-ol trace
3 alpha-pinene 0.270%
7 beta-pinene 0.210%
5 sabinene trace
21 terpinen-4-ol 3.790%
22 alpha-terpineol 0.460%
2 alpha-thujene trace
40 bergamotene 0.110%
39 bergamotene 0.130%
43 bergamotene 0.220%
50 beta-bisabolene 0.240%
56 alpha-bisabolol 0.230%
55 alpha-bisabolol oxide 0.020%
17 borneol 1.130%
30 bornyl acetate 0.100%
26 bornyl formate 0.110%
35 isobornyl isovalerate 0.170%
37 beta-bourbonene 0.190%
42 beta-cadinene 0.010%
51 gamma-cadinene 0.120%
54 T-cadinol 0.080%
5 camphene 0.560%
15 camphor 13.600%
41 beta-caryophyllene 0.470%
52 caryophyllene oxide 1.590%
10 1,8-cineole 31.310%
38 beta-cubebene 0.020%
49 ar-curcumene 0.010%
19 epoxylinalool 0.070%
45 farnesene 0.030%
47 farnesene 0.060%
46 farnesene 0.110%
53 farnesol 0.030%
48 germacrene A 0.080%
25 hexen-1-yl butyrate 0.050%
27 hexyl 2-methyl butyrate 0.420%
24 hexyl butyrate 0.370%
33 hexyl hexanoate 0.030%
23 hexyl isobutyrate 0.150%
32 hexyl tiglate 0.100%
28 hexyl valerate 0.190%
44 alpha-humulene 0.300%
14 linalool 36.940%
13 (E)-linalool oxide 0.050%
12 (Z)-linalool oxide 0.770%
29 linalyl acetate 0.100%
34 linalyl butyrate 0.030%
7 myrcene 0.150%
31 neryl acetate 0.020%
3 alpha-pinene 1.110%
4 beta-pinene 1.480%
16 pinocamphone 0.040%
6 sabinene 0.470%
11 (Z)-sabinene hydrate 0.610%
18 terpinen-4-ol 0.190%
8 alpha-terpinene 0.330%
21 alpha-terpineol 0.790%
9 terpinolene 0.690%
2 alpha-thujene 0.020%
1 tricyclene 0.050%
20 1,1,3-trimethyl-2-oxobicyclo(2.2.2)octan-5-one 0.240%
22 verbenone 0.120%
36 alpha-ylangene 0.020%
26 borneol trace
37 alpha-cadinol trace
3 camphene 0.400%
18 camphor trace
36 carvacrol trace
21 beta-caryophyllene 0.400%
31 caryophyllene oxide 0.300%
9 1,8-cineole 42.600%
29 citronellol 0.100%
13 para-cymene 0.300%
33 elemol 0.300%
27 geranial 0.400%
30 geraniol 0.100%
28 geranyl acetate 0.200%
8 limonene 2.100%
19 linalool 32.800%
17 (E)-linalool oxide 0.800%
15 (Z)-linalool oxide 0.800%
20 linalyl acetate 0.500%
6 myrcene 1.400%
12 (E)-beta-ocimene 0.200%
10 (Z)-beta-ocimene trace
2 alpha-pinene 2.000%
4 beta-pinene 2.600%
5 sabinene 2.200%
16 (E)-sabinene hydrate 0.400%
34 spathulenol 0.200%
22 terpinen-4-ol 0.300%
7 alpha-terpinene 0.100%
11 gamma-terpinene 0.100%
25 alpha-terpineol 3.000%
24 gamma-terpineol 1.100%
14 terpinolene 0.100%
1 alpha-thujene trace
35 thymol trace
23 (Z)-verbenol 0.100%
32 viridiflorol 0.350%
17 aromadendrene 0.050%
7 benzyl acetate 0.330%
14 camphene hydrate 0.030%
22 beta-caryophyllene 0.030%
2 1,8-cineole 0.300%
15 dihydrocarveol 0.070%
19 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde 0.040%
27 4,6-dimethyl undecane 0.200%
30 ethyl linoleate 1.210%
11 geranial 0.140%
26 geranyl isobutyrate 0.180%
9 (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl butyrate 0.540%
5 linalool 76.290%
4 (E)-linalool oxide 0.230%
3 (Z)-linalool oxide 0.780%
31 methyl 11,14-eicosadienoate 0.360%
32 methyl 11,14,17-eicosatrienoate 0.040%
28 methyl 7-methyl nonanoate 0.330%
16 methyl eugenol 2.230%
1 methyl hexanoate 1.030%
21 methyl isoeugenol 0.060%
23 methyl salicylate 0.020%
10 myrcenol 0.150%
12 neral 0.040%
29 9,12-octadienal 2.340%
6 2-phenethyl alcohol 6.380%
24 2-phenethyl ester 0.080%
18 2-phenethyl isobutyrate 0.080%
20 2-phenethyl isovalerate 0.370%
13 2-phenethyl propionate 0.120%
25 tridecane 0.050%
8 2,6,6-trimethyl-6-vinyl tetrahydropyran-3-ol 0.260%
24 (E)-alpha-bergamotene 3.080%
19 bornyl acetate 1.080%
29 gamma-cadinene 1.510%
31 T-cadinol 3.060%
3 camphene 0.100%
16 camphor 0.580%
23 beta-caryophyllene 0.170%
11 1,8-cineole 6.870%
30 cubenol 0.470%
9 para-cymene trace
22 beta-elemene 0.300%
28 (E,E)-alpha-farnesene 0.240%
27 germacrene D 1.000%
25 alpha-humulene 0.460%
10 limonene trace
15 linalool 43.730%
14 (E)-linalool oxide 0.600%
13 (Z)-linalool oxide 0.390%
21 (E)-methyl cinnamate 27.280%
20 (Z)-methyl cinnamate 4.630%
26 gamma-muurolene 0.210%
6 myrcene 0.180%
7 alpha-phellandrene trace
2 alpha-pinene 0.430%
5 beta-pinene 0.530%
4 sabinene 0.140%
17 terpinen-4-ol trace
8 alpha-terpinene trace
12 gamma-terpinene trace
18 alpha-terpineol 0.630%
1 alpha-thujene trace
15 citronellyl acetate 0.100%
4 cyclofenchene 0.100%
7 meta-cymene 0.500%
9 para-cymene trace
16 (E)-beta-farnesene trace
22 geraniol 2.300%
20 geranyl acetate 3.200%
19 germacrene B trace
17 alpha-humulene 0.100%
6 limonene 4.400%
13 linalool 17.000%
12 (E)-linalool oxide trace
11 (Z)-linalool oxide trace
14 linalyl acetate 56.800%
23 para-menth-6-en-2-one trace
5 myrcene 1.500%
21 nerol 0.800%
24 nerolidol 0.100%
1 alpha-pinene 0.200%
2 beta-pinene 2.400%
3 sabinene 0.400%
8 gamma-terpinene 1.600%
18 alpha-terpineol 3.700%
10 terpinolene 0.200%
25 delta-cadinene 0.800%
27 alpha-cadinol 0.200%
24 calamenene 0.200%
20 beta-caryophyllene 0.600%
26 caryophyllene oxide 0.100%
15 chavicol 17.100%
5 1,8-cineole 1.200%
18 alpha-copaene 0.400%
10 para-cymen-8-ol 0.100%
4 para-cymene 0.300%
17 eugenol 56.100%
23 (E,E,Z)-alpha-farnesene 0.200%
16 geranial 0.300%
14 geraniol 0.200%
22 germacrene D 0.300%
21 alpha-humulene 0.200%
6 limonene 0.800%
8 linalool 6.000%
7 (E)-linalool oxide 0.100%
12 methyl chavicol 0.100%
19 methyl eugenol 1.400%
3 myrcene 6.400%
13 neral 0.100%
1 3-octanol 2.000%
2 3-octanone 1.000%
11 alpha-terpineol 0.500%
9 verbenol 1.200%
166 allo-aromadendrene 1.290%
143 aromadendrene 0.660%
150 beta-bisabolene 1.100%
128 bornyl acetate 0.790%
138 beta-bourbonene 1.730%
114 camphor 38.940%
101 delta-3-carene 0.500%
141 beta-caryophyllene 0.270%
157 caryophyllene oxide 7.280%
141 beta-cubebene 1.500%
128 para-cymene 0.370%
133 delta-elemene 3.970%
164 beta-eudesmol 3.760%
144 (Z)-beta-farnesene 1.760%
108 alpha-fenchone 0.260%
800 hexanal 0.420%
168 alpha-humulene 0.670%
155 linalool 0.840%
145 (E)-linalool oxide 1.050%
156 linalyl acetate 2.530%
147 gamma-muurolene 0.050%
136 neryl acetate 2.400%
111 (Z)-allo-ocimene 1.550%
103 alpha-pinene 0.440%
117 terpinen-4-ol 0.880%
118 alpha-terpineol 2.030%
168 delta-terpineol 0.490%
135 alpha-terpinyl acetate 4.770%
142 alpha-thujone 0.520%
927 tricyclene 0.960%
110 undecane 2.650%