bergamot oil

gc1269621
Essential Oil 336 components

References

R. Engel, M. Gutmann, C. Harisch, H. Koloclziej and A. Nahstedt, Study on the composition of the volatile fraction of Hamamelis virginiana. Planta Med., 64, 251-258 (1998).
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P&F 24, No. 4, 31, (1999)
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E. J. Brunke, F. J. Hammerschmidt and G. Schmaus, Head-space analysis of hyacinth flowers Fla.. Fragr J., 9, 56-69 (1994).
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P&F 20, No. 6, 35, (1995)
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G. Della Porta, E. Reverchon, D. Chouchi and D. Barth, Mandarin and lime peel oil processing by supercritical CO2 desorption:deterpenation and high molecular weight compounds elimination. J. Essent. Oil Res., 9, 519-522 (1997).
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P&F 26, No. 1, 36, (2001)
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P. Pallado, G. Tassinato, M. D'AIpaos and P. Traldi, Gas chromatography/mass spectmetry in aroma chemistry: a comparison of essential oils and flavours extracted by classical and supercritical techniques. Rapid Commun, Mass Spectro., 11, 1335-3341 (1997).
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P&F 23, No. 6, 53, (1998)
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P. Pallado, G. Tassinato, M. D'AIpaos and P. Traldi, Gas chromatography/mass spectmetry in aroma chemistry: a comparison of essential oils and flavours extracted by classical and supercritical techniques. Rapid Commun, Mass Spectro., 11, 1335-3341 (1997).
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P&F 23, No. 6, 53, (1998)
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Also in 1999, Guillén and Manzanos examined the composition of a methylene chloride extract of the aerial parts of S. lavandulaefolia using CC and CC/MS. The identified components are summarized as follows:
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Top 20 Components

All Components (336)

# Component %
3 decane 0.010%
18 docosane 1.270%
4 dodecane 0.030%
15 eicosane 0.600%
12 heptadecane 0.310%
10 hexadecane 0.070%
11 1-hexadecyne 0.160%
19 2-methyl docosane 0.020%
16 2-methyl heneicosane 0.020%
17 3-methyl heneicosane 0.010%
7 3-methyl tetradecane 0.270%
14 nonadecane 0.780%
2 nonane 0.010%
13 octadecane 0.120%
1 octane 0.590%
8 pentadecane 0.100%
6 tetradecane 0.230%
20 tricosane 10.380%
5 tridecane 0.540%
9 4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene 0.230%
49 abietatriene 0.200%
4 benzaldehyde 0.400%
24 delta-cadinene 1.000%
10 camphor 0.200%
28 caryophyllene oxide 0.600%
13 beta-cyclocitral 0.400%
17 (E)-beta-damascenone 2.300%
16 (E,E)-2,4-decadienal 0.400%
12 decanal 0.400%
14 (Z)-2-decenal 0.300%
60 10-demethyl squalene 1.300%
53 docosane 0.200%
18 dodecanal 0.400%
48 eicosane 0.300%
25 eugenyl acetate 0.500%
20 (E)-beta-farnesene 0.300%
35 (E,Z)-farnesol 0.800%
34 (Z,Z)-farnesol 0.300%
44 (E,E)-farnesyl acetone 1.900%
19 geranyl acetone 1.500%
22 (Z)-beta-guaiene 0.300%
51 heneicosane 1.100%
58 heptacosane 1.100%
33 heptadecane 0.400%
42 2-heptadecanone 0.600%
5 (E,E)-2-heptadienal 0.200%
57 hexacosane 0.300%
29 hexadecane 0.300%
47 hexadecanoic acid 4.000%
1 hexanal 0.400%
2 (E)-2-hexenal 2.200%
27 (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl benzoate 0.700%
21 (Z)-beta-ionone 1.600%
45 methyl hexadecanoate 0.300%
46 methyl octadecane 0.300%
31 T-muurolol 0.900%
61 nonacosane 1.100%
43 nonadecane 0.100%
41 (E)-nonadecene 0.400%
9 nonanal 1.900%
59 octacosane 1.700%
36 octadecane 0.300%
50 octadecanol 0.200%
8 octanol 0.300%
56 pentacosane 1.600%
40 pentadecanoic acid 0.300%
6 phenyl acetaldehyde 0.200%
37 neophytadiene 2.200%
52 (E)-phytol 2.600%
3 alpha-pinene trace
26 selina-3,7(11)-diene 0.300%
11 terpinen-4-ol trace
7 gamma-terpinene trace
55 tetracosane 0.200%
30 tetradecanal 0.300%
32 tetradecanol 0.400%
62 triacontane 0.900%
54 tricosane 0.800%
23 tridecanal 5.800%
39 6,10,14-trimethyl pentadecan-2-ol 2.500%
38 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone 37.600%
15 undecanal 0.900%
34 benzaldehyde 0.21-0.27
47 benzyl acetate 36..84-44.24
52 benzyl alcohol 1.78-1.95
73 benzyl benzoate 2.94-3.06
63 benzyl tiglate 0.80-0.13
33 2-sec-butyl-3-methoxypyrazine trace
35 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine trace
2 camphene 0.01-0.05
39 beta-caryophyllene 0.020%
11 1,8-cineole 0.010%
59 cinnamaldehyde trace
65 cinnamyl acetate 0.21-0.32
70 (E)-cinnamyl alcohol 3.46-4.04
67 (Z)-cinnamyl alcohol trace
56 creosol 0.02-0.04
17 para-cymene 0.05-0.56
32 decanal 0.01-0.02
68 elemicin 0.29-0.32
44 ethyl benzoate 0.05-0.09
66 eugenol 1.57-1.68
42 (E)-beta-farnesene 0.00-trace
46 (Z,E)-alpha-farnesene trace-0.03
3 hexanal 0.020%
23 hexanol 0.03-0.04
25 (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol 0.76-2.66
28 (E)-2-hexen-1-ol 0.020%
24 (E)-3-hexen-1-ol 0.03-0.08
21 (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate 0.02-0.05
64 (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl benzoate trace
31 (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl butyrate 0.00-0.01
15 (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl formate 0.04-0.19
43 (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl tiglate 0.32-0.48
16 hexyl acetate trace-0.01
48 hydroquinone dimethyl ether + (E,E)-alpha-farnesene 3.80-3.94
72 indole 0.05-0.08
9 limonene 0.53-1.00
36 linalool 0.030%
71 2-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethyl alcohol 0.00-trace
4 2-methyl (E)-2-butenal 0.010%
60 methyl 2-methoxybenzoate 0.01-0.10
27 4-methyl anisole 0.01-0.02
69 methyl anthranilate 0.02-0.03
40 methyl benzoate 0.09-0.10
57 methyl eugenol 1.12-1.40
62 methyl N-methyl anthranilate trace
49 methyl salicylate 0.04-0.07
22 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one 0.01-0.03
7 myrcene 1.80-2.05
26 nonanal 0.01-0.03
13 (E)-beta-ocimene 13.72-14.93
12 (Z)-beta-ocimene 0.75-1.01
19 octanal 0.02-0.05
37 octanol 0.040%
14 3-octanone 0.02-0.03
30 1-octen-3-ol 0.66-1.30
20 1-octen-3-one 0.010%
6 1-penten-3-ol 0.01-0.02
8 alpha-phellandrene trace-0.01
10 beta-phellandrene 0.010%
51 2-phenethyl acetate 1.62-2.48
53 2-phenethyl alcohol 8.96-16.39
74 2-phenethyl benzoate 0.40-0.53
50 2-phenethyl formate trace
41 phenyl acetaldehyde 0.02-0.05
55 3-phenyl propyl acetate 0.05-0.06
58 3-phenyl propyl alcohol 0.81-0.86
1 alpha-picoline 0.08-0.16
5 gamma-picoline 0.05-0.06
29 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine trace
45 alpha-terpineol 0.00-0.04
18 terpinolene 0.010%
61 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene 1.12-1.26
38 2-undecanone 0.16-0.17
1 alpha-thujene 0.910%
2 alpha-pinene 2.290%
3 camphene 0.050%
4 beta-pinene 1.880%
5 myrcene 1.730%
6 delta-2-carene 0.020%
7 alpha-phellandrene 0.480%
8 para-cymene 4.250%
9 limonene 66.410%
10 (E)-beta-ocimene 0.030%
11 (Z)-beta-ocimene 0.010%
12 gamma-terpinene 19.170%
13 terpinolene 1.380%
14 para-mentha-1,3,8-triene trace
15 gamma-terpineol 0.010%
16 (Z)-para-menth-2-en-1-ol trace
17 linalool 0.130%
18 (Z)-sabinene hydrate trace
19 (Z)-beta-terpineol trace
20 isopulegol trace
21 (E)-beta-terpineol trace
22 terpinen-4-ol 0.040%
23 alpha-terpineol 0.120%
24 citronellol trace
25 hexanol 0.020%
26 3-octanol 0.120%
27 decanol 0.030%
28 benzaldehyde 0.020%
29 3-methyl benzaldehyde trace
30 nonanal trace
31 geranial trace
32 perillaldehyde trace
33 terpinen-4-yl acetate 0.100%
34 methyl N-methyl anthranilate 0.500%
35 thymol trace
36 beta-caryophyllene 0.080%
37 alpha-humulene trace
38 beta-selinene trace
39 alpha-farnesene 0.300%
40 delta-cadinene trace
1 alpha-thujene 0.640%
2 alpha-pinene 1.780%
3 camphene 0.020%
4 sabinene 0.170%
5 beta-pinene 1.410%
6 octanal 0.060%
7 myrcene 1.710%
8 alpha-phellandrene 0.070%
9 delta-3-carene trace
10 alpha-terpinene 0.240%
11 beta-phellandrene 0.520%
12 para-cymene 0.230%
13 limonene 72.710%
14 (Z)-beta-ocimene trace
15 (E)-beta-ocimene 0.020%
16 gamma-terpinene 17.170%
17 octanol 0.030%
18 terpinolene 0.820%
19 nonanal 0.020%
20 linalool 0.160%
21 citronellal 0.020%
22 terpinen-4-ol 0.270%
23 alpha-terpineol 0.370%
24 decanal 0.110%
25 nerol 0.070%
26 neral trace
27 geraniol 0.030%
28 geranial 0.080%
29 thymol 0.020%
30 methyl N-methyl anthranilate 0.460%
31 beta-caryophyllene 0.060%
32 alpha-humulene 0.020%
33 (E,E)-alpha-farnesene 0.050%
18 (E)-alpha-bergamotene 6.760%
20 bisabolene trace
22 (Z)-delta-bisabolene 1.100%
21 gamma-cadinene 1.150%
26 T-cadinol 18.140%
6 camphor trace
17 beta-caryophyllene 48.700%
24 caryophyllene oxide 1.250%
4 1,8-cineole 0.430%
13 alpha-copaene 0.990%
25 cubenol 2.460%
29 docosene trace
15 beta-elemene 0.960%
11 delta-elemene trace
12 eugenol 4.000%
31 henitriacontane trace
27 hexadecene trace
19 alpha-humulene 6.000%
9 lavandulyl acetate 0.550%
5 linalool 1.550%
8 methyl chavicol 0.680%
14 (E)-methyl cinnamate 2.500%
10 (Z)-methyl cinnamate trace
16 methyl eugenol 0.610%
30 nonacosane trace
28 octadecene trace
1 alpha-pinene 0.160%
3 beta-pinene 0.250%
2 sabinene 0.100%
23 spathulenol 1.500%
7 alpha-terpineol 0.160%
32 tritriacotane trace
18 (E)-alpha-bergamotene 9.600%
20 bisabolene trace
22 (Z)-delta-bisabolene trace
21 gamma-cadinene 4.120%
26 T-cadinol 5.790%
6 camphor 0.460%
17 beta-caryophyllene 1.080%
24 caryophyllene oxide trace
4 1,8-cineole 4.800%
13 alpha-copaene 9.680%
25 cubenol 1.080%
29 docosene trace
15 beta-elemene trace
11 delta-elemene trace
12 eugenol 12.400%
31 henitriacontane trace
27 hexadecene trace
19 alpha-humulene 0.620%
9 lavandulyl acetate 0.780%
5 linalool 32.000%
8 methyl chavicol 11.400%
14 (E)-methyl cinnamate 1.400%
10 (Z)-methyl cinnamate 1.700%
16 methyl eugenol 1.400%
30 nonacosane trace
28 octadecene trace
1 alpha-pinene trace
3 beta-pinene 0.140%
2 sabinene trace
23 spathulenol 0.620%
7 alpha-terpineol 0.930%
32 tritriacotane trace
29 agarospirol 3.000%
41 gamma-aminobutyric acid 0.060%
40 aspartic acid 0.260%
30 alpha-bisabolol 0.780%
27 borneol 0.200%
24 beta-cadinene 8.720%
42 delta-3-carene trace
43 carveol 0.050%
12 carvone 0.260%
25 isocaryophyllene 13.120%
20 alpha-cedrene 0.190%
6 1,8-cineole 1.100%
16 citronellyl acetate 0.520%
19 alpha-copaene 0.430%
22 ar-curcumene 16.380%
31 gamma-curcumene 0.840%
10 decanal 0.400%
34 dihydrogermacrene 0.340%
15 elemene 0.160%
37 eugenol 0.650%
35 farnesol 0.340%
28 geranial 0.150%
17 geraniol 0.600%
18 geranyl acetate 1.100%
21 germacrene D 0.720%
26 glycine 0.970%
4 limonene 0.680%
5 linalool 0.140%
8 linalyl acetate 0.300%
44 linalyl propionate trace
13 neral 0.710%
9 nonanal 0.300%
7 octanal 0.500%
11 2-octyl acetate 0.100%
3 beta-phellandrene 0.920%
39 phenyl alanine 0.120%
1 alpha-pinene 0.690%
2 beta-pinene 1.050%
38 pipecolic acid 0.100%
33 tetradecanoic acid 0.280%
36 turmerone trace
14 2-undecanone 0.710%
32 zingerenol 1.550%
23 zingiberene 23.800%