carum graveolens seed oil egypt
References
A. F. Halim, M. M. Mashaly, O. salama, A. F. Ali and P. Sandra, Analysis of celery fruit oil and investigation on the effect of storage, Egypt. J. Pharm. Sci., 31, 107-113 (1990).
N. A. Shaath and N. R. Azzo, Essential oils of Egypt. In Food Flavors, Ingredients and Composition. Edit., G. Charalambous, pp. 591-603, Elsevier Sci. Publ. B. V., Amsterdam (1993).
N. A. Shaath and N. R. Azzo, Essential oils of Egypt. In Food Flavors, Ingredients and Composition. Edit., G. Charalambous, pp. 591-603, Elsevier Sci. Publ. B. V., Amsterdam (1993).
G. Vemin, C. Ghiglione and C. Parkanyi, GC-MS-SPECMA bank analysis of Thymus serpyllum (Opiz) Wollm. (wild thyme) from Hautes AIpes (France). In Spices, herbs and edible fungi. Edit., G, Charalambous, pp. 501-515, Developments in Food Science, 34, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1994).
Oszagyan et al. (1996) analyzed the composition od supercritical fluid CO2 extract of thyme (ex. T. vulgaris) and compared it to a steam-distilled oil. The quantitative data was obtained in a GD-FID, whereas the identity od each component was determined by GC/MS. A comparison between the two analyses is shown in Table VII.
M. Oszagyan, B. Simandi, J. Sawinsky, A. Kery, E. Lemberkovics and J. Fekete, Supercritical fluid extraction of volatile compounds from lavandin and thyme. Flav. Fragr. J., 11, 157-165 (1996).
Top 20 Components
All Components (333)
| # | Component | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | anethole | 0.610% | |
| 18 | alpha-bisabolene | 0.120% | |
| 19 | 3-butyl hexahydrophthalide | 0.120% | |
| 20 | butyl phthalide | 0.380% | |
| 10 | carvone | 0.400% | |
| 13 | beta-caryophyllene | 1.540% | |
| 15 | beta-farnesene | 0.180% | |
| 14 | alpha-humulene | 0.130% | |
| 4 | limonene | 58.530% | |
| 6 | linalool | 0.100% | |
| 9 | para-methoxyacetophenone | 0.480% | |
| 3 | myrcene | 3.120% | |
| 7 | pentyl cyclohexadiene | 3.270% | |
| 5 | alpha-phellandrene | 0.100% | |
| 1 | alpha-pinene | 0.140% | |
| 2 | beta-pinene | 1.290% | |
| 21 | sedanolide (3-butyl-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalide) | 17.280% | |
| 17 | alpha-selinene | 1.370% | |
| 16 | beta-selinene | 8.100% | |
| 8 | alpha-terpineol | 0.280% | |
| 12 | umbellulone | 0.150% | |
| 15 | beta-asarone | 17.650% | |
| 8 | alpha-bergamotene | 0.280% | |
| 16 | alpha-bisabolene | 3.000% | |
| 13 | beta-bisabolene | 34.700% | |
| 17 | preisocalamendiol | 0.390% | |
| 7 | beta-caryophyllene | 1.480% | |
| 4 | para-cymene | trace | |
| 10 | (E)-beta-farnesene | 0.430% | |
| 9 | alpha-humulene | 0.310% | |
| 5 | limonene | trace | |
| 6 | methyl eugenol | 1.970% | |
| 11 | (E)-methyl isoeugenol | 37.220% | |
| 14 | beta-sesquiphellandrene | 0.250% | |
| 1 | alpha-pinene | trace | |
| 3 | beta-pinene | trace | |
| 2 | sabinene | trace | |
| 12 | shyobunone | 0.650% | |
| 17 | allo-aromadendrene | 0.400% | |
| 12 | benzaldehyde | 0.200% | |
| 29 | (Z)-gamma-bisabolene | 0.100% | |
| 26 | alpha-bisabolene | 0.600% | |
| 25 | beta-bisabolene | 0.500% | |
| 51 | alpha-bisabolol | 0.700% | |
| 55 | epi-alpha-bisabolol | 0.800% | |
| 30 | cadina-1,4-diene | 1.200% | |
| 28 | delta-cadinene | 2.400% | |
| 53 | alpha-cadinol | 1.400% | |
| 32 | alpha-calacorene | 0.300% | |
| 34 | beta-calacorene | 0.000% | |
| 31 | calamenene | 1.400% | |
| 14 | 9-epi-beta-caryophyllene | 0.100% | |
| 15 | beta-caryophyllene | 24.600% | |
| 42 | alpha-caryophyllene alcohol | 0.400% | |
| 36 | caryophyllene oxide | 5.100% | |
| 47 | cinnamyl acetate | 2.600% | |
| 11 | alpha-copaene | 2.800% | |
| 10 | alpha-cubebene | 0.100% | |
| 44 | 1-epi-cubenol | 1.800% | |
| 43 | 1,10-di-epi-cubenol | 1.200% | |
| 57 | 2,6-dimethyl-1-3-6-heptatriene | 1.700% | |
| 1 | ethyl butyrate | 0.100% | |
| 45 | 10-epi-gamma-eudesmol | 0.100% | |
| 52 | beta-eudesmol | 0.200% | |
| 48 | gamma-eudesmol | 1.900% | |
| 27 | (E,E)-alpha-farnesene | 0.200% | |
| 58 | farnesol | 0.400% | |
| 39 | gleenol | 0.700% | |
| 13 | alpha-gurjunene | 0.100% | |
| 22 | gamma-gurjunene | 0.300% | |
| 2 | hexanal | 0.100% | |
| 9 | hexanol | 0.300% | |
| 4 | (E)-2-hexenal | 0.100% | |
| 8 | (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate | 0.500% | |
| 46 | (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl benzoate | 0.100% | |
| 7 | hexyl acetate | 0.100% | |
| 20 | gamma-himachalene | 0.100% | |
| 18 | alpha-humulene | 3.200% | |
| 38 | ledol | 1.400% | |
| 21 | para-menth-1-en-9-ol | 0.100% | |
| 35 | para-menth-1(7)-en-9-ol | 0.100% | |
| 37 | methyl eugenol | 0.200% | |
| 3 | methyl hexanoate | 0.100% | |
| 16 | muurola-4(14),5-diene | 0.100% | |
| 24 | alpha-muurolene | 0.400% | |
| 19 | gamma-muurolene | 0.600% | |
| 50 | alpha-muurolol | 2.900% | |
| 49 | epi-alpha-muurolol | 1.400% | |
| 41 | nerolidol | 18.000% | |
| 6 | (E)-beta-ocimene | 0.600% | |
| 5 | (Z)-beta-ocimene | 2.200% | |
| 33 | 3-phenyl-1-propyl acetate | 5.400% | |
| 40 | 2-propenyl-2-phenol | 0.100% | |
| 54 | selin-11-en-4alpha-ol | 0.500% | |
| 23 | alpha-selinene | 0.200% | |
| 56 | tricyclo-3-3-13.7-decane | 4.100% | |
| 84 | (E)-anethole | 0.100% | |
| 139 | anhydrooplopanone | 0.200% | |
| 16 | benzaldehyde | trace | |
| 123 | bicyclogermacrene | 0.100% | |
| 129 | alpha-bisabolene | 0.200% | |
| 55 | borneol | 0.300% | |
| 83 | bornyl acetate | 0.700% | |
| 101 | bourbonene | 0.100% | |
| 23 | isobutyl 2-methyl butyrate | <0.10 | |
| 9 | isobutyl isobutyrate | trace | |
| 152 | cadalene | 0.100% | |
| 128 | cadina-1,4-diene | trace | |
| 125 | gamma-cadinene | 0.300% | |
| 126 | delta-cadinene | 0.400% | |
| 146 | T-cadinol | trace | |
| 150 | alpha-cadinol | 0.100% | |
| 130 | alpha-calacorene | 0.100% | |
| 133 | beta-calacorene | 0.100% | |
| 127 | calamenene | 0.100% | |
| 15 | camphene | 0.700% | |
| 47 | alpha-campholenic aldehyde | <0.10 | |
| 25 | delta-3-carene | <0.10 | |
| 89 | carvacrol | 0.100% | |
| 71 | trans-carveol | 0.200% | |
| 74 | cis-carveol | 0.100% | |
| 78 | carvone | 0.100% | |
| 95 | cis-carvyl acetate | 0.100% | |
| 145 | 3(15),7(14)-caryophylladien-6-ol | 0.600% | |
| 106 | beta-caryophyllene | 0.400% | |
| 136 | caryophyllene oxide | 0.900% | |
| 29 | 1,8-cineole | 21.800% | |
| 92 | 1,8-cineole-2-yl acetate | 0.400% | |
| 108 | cinnamyl acetate | 0.700% | |
| 100 | alpha-copaene | <0.10 | |
| 77 | cuminaldehyde | 0.100% | |
| 105 | cuminyl acetate | <0.10 | |
| 87 | cuminyl alcohol | 0.100% | |
| 60 | para-cymen-8-ol | 0.200% | |
| 27 | para-cymene | 1.500% | |
| 38 | para-cymenene | <0.10 | |
| 114 | (E)-3-decen-1-yl acetate | 0.300% | |
| 154 | dehydrocostus lactone | 0.200% | |
| 75 | 2,3-dimethoxytoluene | <0.10 | |
| 96 | 2-dodecanone | trace | |
| 102 | beta-elemene | 0.600% | |
| 131 | elemicin | 0.300% | |
| 147 | (E)-isoelemicin | 0.300% | |
| 21 | 1,8-epoxy-2-para-menthene | 0.200% | |
| 155 | eremanthin | 0.100% | |
| 2 | ethyl 2-methyl butyrate | trace | |
| 3 | ethyl isovalerate | trace | |
| 149 | alpha-eudesmol | 0.300% | |
| 148 | beta-eudesmol | 1.100% | |
| 142 | 10-epi-gamma-eudesmol | <0.10 | |
| 144 | gamma-eudesmol | trace | |
| 94 | eugenol | 2.900% | |
| 111 | (E)-isoeugenol | 0.200% | |
| 118 | (Z,E)-alpha-farnesene | <0.10 | |
| 153 | farnesyl acetone | <0.10 | |
| 14 | alpha-fenchene | <0.10 | |
| 110 | geranyl acetone | trace | |
| 115 | germacrene D | 0.100% | |
| 109 | guaia-6,9-diene | <0.10 | |
| 107 | alpha-guaiene | 0.100% | |
| 104 | alpha-gurjunene | <0.10 | |
| 22 | 2,4-heptadienal | trace | |
| 1 | hexanal | <0.10 | |
| 7 | hexanol | <0.10 | |
| 4 | (E)-2-hexenal | <0.10 | |
| 6 | (E)-2-hexen-1-ol | trace | |
| 5 | (E)-3-hexen-1-ol | 0.100% | |
| 41 | hotrienol | 0.100% | |
| 113 | alpha-humulene | 0.100% | |
| 140 | humulene oxide | 0.100% | |
| 151 | intermedeol | 0.300% | |
| 51 | ipsdienol | 0.100% | |
| 141 | laevo-junenol | 0.200% | |
| 138 | ledol | 0.300% | |
| 28 | limonene | 1.500% | |
| 39 | linalool | 2.000% | |
| 36 | (E)-linalool oxide furanoid | <0.10 | |
| 35 | (Z)-linalool oxide furanoid | <0.10 | |
| 49 | (Z)-para-menth-2-en-1-ol | 0.200% | |
| 46 | (E)-para-menth-2-en-1-ol | 0.200% | |
| 91 | para-mentha-1,4-dien-7-ol | 0.100% | |
| 57 | para-mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol | 0.200% | |
| 64 | para-mentha-1(7),2-dien-8-ol | 0.200% | |
| 61 | (E)-para-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol | 0.300% | |
| 73 | (Z)-para-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol | 0.300% | |
| 48 | (Z)-para-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol | 0.100% | |
| 45 | (E)-para-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol | 0.100% | |
| 42 | para-menthatriene | <0.10 | |
| 67 | methyl chavicol | <0.10 | |
| 103 | methyl eugenol | 3.500% | |
| 120 | (E)-methyl isoeugenol | 0.400% | |
| 65 | methyl salicylate | trace | |
| 19 | 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one | <0.10 | |
| 121 | gamma-muurolene | 0.100% | |
| 124 | alpha-muurolene | trace | |
| 20 | myrcene | 0.600% | |
| 68 | myrtenal | 0.400% | |
| 72 | nerol | 0.100% | |
| 52 | nerol oxide | 0.100% | |
| 132 | (E)-nerolidol | 0.100% | |
| 99 | neryl acetate | <0.10 | |
| 31 | 2-nonanone | trace | |
| 30 | (E)-beta-ocimene | <0.10 | |
| 134 | palustrol | trace | |
| 81 | phellandral | 0.100% | |
| 24 | alpha-phellandrene | 0.200% | |
| 97 | 3-phenyl propyl acetate | 0.100% | |
| 12 | alpha-pinene | 4.600% | |
| 18 | beta-pinene | 4.000% | |
| 50 | trans-pinocarveol | 0.100% | |
| 54 | pinocarvone | 0.200% | |
| 88 | pinocarvyl acetate | 0.100% | |
| 34 | pinol | <0.10 | |
| 43 | isopinol | 0.100% | |
| 66 | (Z)-piperitol | <0.10 | |
| 69 | (E)-piperitol | 0.100% | |
| 79 | piperitone | trace | |
| 8 | isopropyl 2-methyl butyrate | trace | |
| 62 | 4-isopropyl-2-cyclohexenone | trace | |
| 53 | sabinaketone | 0.100% | |
| 17 | sabinene | 5.300% | |
| 33 | (E)-sabinene hydrate | <0.10 | |
| 40 | (Z)-sabinene hydrate | trace | |
| 76 | sabinol | trace | |
| 86 | sabinyl acetate | 0.100% | |
| 112 | selina-4(15),5-diene | trace | |
| 119 | beta-selinene | 0.300% | |
| 122 | alpha-selinene | 0.300% | |
| 116 | gamma-selinene | trace | |
| 135 | spathulenol | 0.800% | |
| 59 | terpinen-4-ol | 4.300% | |
| 26 | alpha-terpinene | 1.300% | |
| 32 | gamma-terpinene | 1.800% | |
| 63 | alpha-terpineol | 3.100% | |
| 56 | delta-terpineol | 0.600% | |
| 37 | terpinolene | 0.700% | |
| 90 | delta-terpinyl acetate | 0.900% | |
| 93 | alpha-terpinyl acetate | 9.800% | |
| 13 | 2,4(10)-thujadiene | 0.100% | |
| 80 | 4-thujen-2-alpha-yl acetate | 0.500% | |
| 11 | alpha-thujene | 0.600% | |
| 44 | beta-thujone | trace | |
| 82 | thymol | trace | |
| 10 | tricyclene | <0.10 | |
| 117 | 2-tridecanone | 0.100% | |
| 58 | umbellulone | trace | |
| 85 | 2-undecanone | 0.200% | |
| 143 | valerianol | 0.200% | |
| 70 | verbenone | <0.10 | |
| 137 | viridiflorol | 0.300% | |
| 98 | alpha-ylangene | 0.100% | |
| 12 | (E)-alpha-bergamotene | 1.300% | |
| 16 | alpha-bisabolene | 0.320% | |
| 6 | borneol | 0.200% | |
| 5 | camphor | 0.450% | |
| 11 | beta-caryophyllene | 0.210% | |
| 2 | 1,8-cineole | 2.280% | |
| 10 | beta-elemene | 0.480% | |
| 8 | eugenol | 26.490% | |
| 14 | germacrene D | 1.260% | |
| 15 | alpha-guaiene | 0.200% | |
| 1 | (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol | 0.230% | |
| 13 | alpha-humulene | 0.220% | |
| 4 | linalool | 33.000% | |
| 7 | methyl chavicol | 11.230% | |
| 9 | methyl eugenol | 0.480% | |
| 3 | (E)-beta-ocimene | 0.310% | |
| 17 | (E)-alpha-bergamotene | 0.480% | |
| 21 | alpha-bisabolene | 1.290% | |
| 9 | camphor | 0.230% | |
| 16 | beta-caryophyllene | 1.050% | |
| 6 | 1,8-cineole | 3.390% | |
| 14 | alpha-copaene | 0.190% | |
| 15 | beta-elemene | 0.110% | |
| 11 | eugenol | 0.290% | |
| 18 | (E)-beta-farnesene | 0.200% | |
| 20 | germacrene D | 0.720% | |
| 19 | alpha-humulene | 0.220% | |
| 5 | limonene | 0.230% | |
| 8 | linalool | 1.850% | |
| 10 | methyl chavicol | 81.100% | |
| 12 | methyl cinnamate | 0.150% | |
| 13 | methyl eugenol | 3.920% | |
| 4 | myrcene | 0.210% | |
| 7 | (E)-beta-ocimene | 0.760% | |
| 1 | alpha-pinene | 0.280% | |
| 3 | beta-pinene | 0.350% | |
| 2 | sabinene | 0.130% | |
| 12 | allo-aromadendrene | 0.420% | |
| 19 | alpha-bisabolene | 0.050% | |
| 8 | beta-bourbonene | 0.240% | |
| 21 | delta-cadinene | 0.330% | |
| 30 | alpha-cadinol | 2.900% | |
| 28 | T-cadinol | 3.400% | |
| 24 | (Z)-calamenene | 0.330% | |
| 2 | camphene | 0.040% | |
| 29 | carvacrol | 0.300% | |
| 11 | beta-caryophyllene | 13.800% | |
| 26 | isocaryophyllene oxide + caryophyllene oxide | 3.000% | |
| 5 | 1,8-cineole + beta-phellandrene | 0.400% | |
| 6 | para-cymene | 0.160% | |
| 22 | (E,E)-alpha-farnesene | 0.220% | |
| 15 | (E)-beta-farnesene | 0.910% | |
| 32 | farnesol | 1.920% | |
| 31 | farnesyl acetate | 0.400% | |
| 17 | geranial | 0.470% | |
| 25 | geraniol | 11.800% | |
| 20 | geranyl acetate | 25.000% | |
| 33 | indole | 0.090% | |
| 4 | limonene | 0.510% | |
| 9 | linalool | 1.600% | |
| 16 | gamma-muurolene | 2.000% | |
| 13 | neral | 0.500% | |
| 23 | nerol | 0.700% | |
| 27 | nerolidol | 7.000% | |
| 18 | neryl acetate | 0.600% | |
| 10 | (E)-2-nonenal | 0.050% | |
| 1 | alpha-pinene | 0.080% | |
| 3 | beta-pinene + sabinene | trace | |
| 7 | rose oxide | 0.120% | |
| 14 | alpha-terpineol | 1.600% | |
| 11 | alpha-bisabolene | 0.800% | |
| 4 | delta-3-carene | 3.000% | |
| 9 | carvacrol | 33.300% | |
| 10 | beta-caryophyllene | 1.900% | |
| 5 | para-cymene | 14.300% | |
| 3 | limonene | 1.600% | |
| 7 | linalool | 0.600% | |
| 2 | myrcene | 1.300% | |
| 12 | palmitic acid | 0.400% | |
| 1 | beta-pinene | 0.500% | |
| 6 | gamma-terpinene | 25.000% | |
| 8 | thymol | 13.200% |