agathosma betulina leaf oil

gc1511171
Essential Oil 388 components

References

M. A. Posthumus, T. A. van Beek, N. F. Collins and E. H. Graven, Chemical composition of the essential oils of Agathosma betulina, A. crenulata and an A. betulina x crenulata hybrid (buchu), J. Essent, Oil Res., 8, 223-228 (1996).
Scholar PubMed Google
P&F 23, No. 4, 37, (1998)
Scholar PubMed Google
M. A. Posthumus, T. A. van Beek, N. F. Collins and E. H. Graven, Chemical composition of the essential oils of Agathosma betulina, A. crenulata and an A. betulina x crenulata hybrid (buchu), J. Essent, Oil Res., 8, 223-228 (1996).
Scholar PubMed Google
P&F 23, No. 4, 37, (1998)
Scholar PubMed Google
P&F 25, No. 6, 32, (2000)
Scholar PubMed Google
A. O. Tucker and M. J. Maciarello, Some toxic culinary herbs in North America. In: Food Flavors, Formation, Analysis and Packaging Influences. Edits., E. T. Contis, C-T. Ho, C. J. Mussinan, T. H. Parliament, F. Shahidi and A. M. Spanier, 401-414, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1998).
Scholar PubMed Google
P&F 24, No. 6, 45, (1999)
Scholar PubMed Google
P&F 25, No. 3, 54, (2000)
Scholar PubMed Google
P&F 18, No. 3, 61, (1993)
Scholar PubMed Google
P&F 25, No. 1, 33, (2000)
Scholar PubMed Google

Top 20 Components

All Components (388)

# Component %
33 (E)-2-acetoxyisomenthone 0.230%
34 (E)-2-acetoxymenthone 0.210%
26 carvone trace
8 1,8-cineole 4.430%
11 para-cymene 0.160%
20 (E)-dihydrocarvone 0.120%
19 (Z)-dihydrocarvone 0.210%
30 diosphenol 22.300%
27 4-diosphenol 18.580%
35 1-hydroxy-4-diosphenol 0.670%
36 4-hydroxydiosphenol 0.400%
24 (E)-2-hydroxymenthone 0.460%
29 (Z)-2-hydroxymenthone 0.370%
28 8-hydroxymenthone 0.120%
6 limonene 11.640%
15 linalool 0.500%
13 menthone 9.820%
14 isomenthone 19.910%
31 (E)-8-mercapto-para-menthan-3-one ((E)-3-oxo-para-menthan-8-thiol) 0.530%
32 (Z)-8-mercapto-para-menthan-3-one ((Z)-3-oxo-para-menthan-8-thiol) 2.330%
4 myrcene 0.610%
10 (E)-beta-ocimene 0.250%
7 beta-phellandrene 0.080%
1 alpha-pinene 0.370%
2 beta-pinene 0.290%
25 piperitone 0.060%
21 pulegone 0.940%
16 (E)-isopulegone 0.540%
17 (Z)-isopulegone 0.400%
3 sabinene 0.150%
18 terpinen-4-ol 0.900%
5 alpha-terpinene 0.130%
9 gamma-terpinene 0.340%
23 alpha-terpineol 0.280%
22 delta-terpineol 0.230%
12 terpinolene 0.090%
16 carvone 14.500%
19 alpha-cubebene trace
8 para-cymene 14.380%
15 (E)-dihydrocarvone 0.990%
12 (Z)-dihydrocarvone 0.290%
11 dill ether 14.850%
21 dillapiole 0.310%
10 alpha-para-dimethyl styrene 0.180%
20 elemicin trace
14 3,9-epoxy-para-cymene 0.340%
6 limonene 11.920%
4 myrcene 1.560%
22 myristicin 0.200%
5 alpha-phellandrene 24.880%
7 beta-phellandrene 8.210%
3 alpha-pinene 3.170%
17 isopiperitenone 0.400%
13 sabinol 0.500%
9 alpha-terpinene 0.340%
2 alpha-thujene 1.060%
18 thymol 0.160%
1 toluene trace
20 delta-3-carene epoxide trace-0.05
24 trans-carveol 0.01-1.15
25 cis-carveol 0.00-0.40
18 carvone 52.30-54.40
30 carvone epoxide 0.00-0.15
27 caryophyllene oxide 0.00-0.05
6 1,8-cineole trace
22 citronellol trace
7 para-cymene trace-0.01
13 (E)-dihydrocarvone 0.05-0.10
14 (Z)-dihydrocarvone 0.05-0.10
23 4-hydroxy-para-menth-1-en-6-one 0.05-0.25
17 limonen-4-ol trace-0.10
5 limonene 36.90-44.60
11 (E)-1,2,8,9-limonene diepoxide 0.250%
10 (Z)-1,2,8,9-limonene diepoxide 0.05-0.30
9 (E)-1,2-limonene epoxide 0.05-1.00
8 (Z)-1,2-limonene epoxide 0.05-1.50
12 linalool 0.050%
29 para-menth-1-en-8,9-diol 0.00-0.20
28 para-menth-8-en-1,2-diol 2 isomers 0.00-0.15
19 para-menth-8-en-7-al 0.01-0.15
2 cis-para-menth-8-ene trace
26 para-mentha-1(7),8-dien-6-ol 0.00-0.05
15 para-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol 0.05-0.60
16 para-mentha-2,8-dien-6-ol 0.05-0.55
4 myrcene 0.05-0.30
21 perillyl alcohol 0.100%
1 alpha-pinene 0.050%
3 sabinene 0.050%
21 ascaridole 1.980%
5 camphene 0.140%
8 delta-3-carene 0.030%
23 carvacrol 0.040%
19 trans-carveol 1.060%
20 cis-carveol 0.250%
18 carvone 2.280%
15 para-cymene 8.090%
17 (E)-dihydrocarvone 0.090%
1 dimethyl sulfide 0.010%
4 alpha-fenchene 0.020%
12 limonene 42.320%
16 (E)-limonene oxide 0.090%
9 myrcene 0.010%
10 alpha-phellandrene 0.010%
13 beta-phellandrene 0.090%
3 alpha-pinene 0.820%
6 beta-pinene 0.180%
7 sabinene 0.010%
11 alpha-terpinene 17.540%
14 gamma-terpinene 0.580%
22 thymol 0.020%
2 tricyclene 0.220%
56 anthracene trace
55 benzyl benzoate trace
32 (E)-alpha-bergamotene 7.000%
29 (Z)-alpha-bergamotene trace
51 (Z)-(E)-alpha-bergamotol 0.300%
44 beta-bisabolene 0.200%
53 alpha-bisabolol 0.400%
45 delta-cadinene 0.100%
2 camphene trace
21 trans-carveol 0.800%
23 cis-carveol 0.300%
24 carvone 1.100%
26 trans-carvyl acetate trace
30 beta-caryophyllene 0.200%
49 caryophyllene oxide 0.700%
27 alpha-copaene 0.100%
28 beta-cubebene 0.100%
36 ar-curcumene 2.200%
20 decanal trace
18 dihydrocarveol 0.200%
16 (E)-dihydrocarvone trace
47 1,5-epoxysalvial-4(14)-en-1-one 0.200%
39 (E)-beta-farnesene 0.900%
33 (Z)-beta-farnesene 0.600%
43 alpha-farnesene 0.200%
31 geranyl acetone trace
38 germacrene D 0.700%
52 gossonorol trace
34 alpha-humulene 0.100%
35 (E)-beta-ionone trace
37 (Z)-lachnophyllum ester 0.300%
6 limonene 70.000%
12 (E)-limonene oxide 0.300%
9 linalool 0.100%
40 (Z,Z)-matricaria ester 2.400%
15 (E)-para-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol 0.200%
22 (Z)-para-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol 0.100%
10 (E)-para-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol 0.600%
11 (Z)-para-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol 0.700%
13 para-methyl acetophenone trace
50 mint ketone (salvial-4(14)-en-1-one) 0.400%
42 alpha-muurolene 0.100%
5 myrcene 1.200%
46 (E)-nerolidol 0.300%
8 nonanal trace
14 nonanol 0.100%
7 (E)-beta-ocimene 1.300%
54 octadecanal 0.200%
25 perillaldehyde 0.100%
1 alpha-pinene 0.200%
4 beta-pinene 0.800%
19 (Z)-piperitol 0.400%
3 sabinene trace
48 spathulenol 0.200%
17 alpha-terpineol trace
41 zingiberene 0.200%
9 isoamyl hexanoate trace-0.40
23 trans-carveol 2.60-3.70
24 cis-carveol 0.40-0.70
17 carvone 0.10-2.90
2 1,8-cineole 0.10-1.10
16 cuminyl alcohol trace-1.20
5 para-cymene 0.10-0.20
12 (Z)-dihydrocarvone 0.20-2.00
11 (E)-dihydrocarvone 0.10-0.50
1 limonene 0.50-13.20
8 (E)-limonene oxide 0.70-1.20
6 (Z)-limonene oxide trace-0.40
4 para-mentha-1,3,8-triene 0.40-1.60
3 para-mentha-1,5,8-triene trace-0.10
21 (E)-para-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol 24.00-35.20
25 (Z)-para-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol 16.00-24.00
14 (Z)-para-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol 8.20-10.20
13 (E)-para-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol 13.30-16.20
19 para-methyl acetophenone 3.20-6.00
15 myrtenol 0.10-1.60
20 perillaldehyde 0.30-0.80
26 perillyl alcohol trace-0.80
7 (Z)-2-phenyl but-2-ene trace-0.10
18 piperitenol 1.30-3.80
22 isopiperitenone 0.10-0.20
10 isopulegone 0.10-0.50
1 isoamyl alcohol 0.080%
9 isoamyl butyrate 0.080%
28 isoamyl hexanoate 0.470%
36 isoamyl octanoate 0.450%
3 camphene 0.060%
17 camphor 0.070%
25 trans-carveol 3.050%
23 cis-carveol 0.680%
29 carvone 3.200%
38 caryophyllene oxide 0.040%
11 para-cresol 0.130%
4 dehydro-1,8-cineole 0.050%
21 (E)-dihydrocarvone 0.280%
34 eucarvone 0.100%
30 geraniol 0.040%
35 geranyl acetate 0.030%
39 humulene oxide 0.040%
8 limonene 30.090%
16 (Z)-limonene oxide 0.160%
13 linalool 0.030%
24 para-menth-1-en-9-al 0.040%
33 para-menth-8-ene-1,2-diol 0.550%
12 para-mentha-1,3,8-triene 0.580%
5 para-mentha-1,5,8-triene 1.140%
7 para-mentha-1(7),2,8-triene 1.640%
27 (E)-para-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol 12.140%
19 (Z)-para-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol 13.010%
15 (E)-para-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol 6.840%
14 (Z)-para-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol 11.090%
26 para-menthadienol 2.630%
22 para-menthadienol 5.340%
20 para-menthatrienol 1.700%
18 6-methyl bicyclo(3.3.0)oct-2-en-7-one 0.070%
40 alpha-muurolol 0.030%
37 nerolidol 0.090%
10 octanol 0.020%
32 perillaldehyde 0.210%
2 alpha-pinene 0.020%
31 isopiperitenone 0.110%
6 alpha-terpinene 0.020%
46 (Z)-asarone trace
8 benzaldehyde 0.100%
27 benzothiazole 0.100%
21 borneol trace
48 alpha-cadinol 0.200%
41 alpha-calacorene 0.100%
39 (E)-calamenene 0.100%
18 camphor 0.100%
28 trans-carveol trace
43 caryophyllene oxide 0.100%
12 para-cymene 0.300%
15 para-cymenene 0.100%
33 (E,Z)-2,4-decadienal 0.100%
2 dihydro-3,5-dimethyl-2(3H)-furanone 0.100%
25 (E)-dihydrocarvone 0.100%
36 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl) benzene 0.200%
20 1,3-dimethoxybenzene 0.100%
34 1-(1,3-dimethyl-3-butenyl)-4-methoxybenzene 0.100%
40 elemicin 0.200%
4 ethyl acetate 10.000%
5 ethyl benzene trace
44 ethyl laurate 0.100%
30 ethyl salicylate 0.100%
31 geranial trace
6 heptanal trace
3 hexanal 0.200%
29 4-hydroxy-3-methyl benzaldehyde 1.500%
37 (E)-beta-ionone 0.100%
54 kaurene 1.100%
13 limonene 0.100%
17 linalool 0.100%
14 (Z)-linalool oxide trace
55 manool 95.500%
51 13-epi-manool 2.100%
53 13-epi-manoyl oxide 9.600%
52 manoyl oxide 29.900%
19 isomenthone trace
7 methoxybenzene 0.100%
35 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-propanone 0.400%
24 methyl chavicol 0.200%
9 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one 0.100%
50 6-methyl-8-(2,6,6-trimethyl cyclohexen-1-yl)-5-octen-2-one 0.400%
47 epi-alpha-muurolol 0.100%
42 (E)-nerolidol 0.400%
16 nonanal 0.100%
11 2-pentyl furan 0.100%
10 phenol trace
49 phytol 2.200%
1 pyridine trace
22 terpinen-4-ol 0.800%
23 alpha-terpineol 0.400%
45 1,2,3,4-tetramethoxy-5-(2-propenyl)-benzene 0.200%
32 thymol 0.700%
38 1-(2,3,6-trimethyl)-3-buten-2-one 0.300%
56 unknown a 8.600%
57 unknown b 7.500%
58 unknown c 14.500%
26 verbenone trace
19 beta-bourbonene 0.91-1.24
2 camphene 0.05-0.08
31 trans-carveol 0.11-0.17
32 cis-carveol 0.31-0.54
29 carvone 65.79-71.62
30 cis-carvyl acetate 0.03-0.12
7 1,8-cineole 1.40-1.57
12 para-cymene trace-0.04
25 (E)-dihydrocarvone 0.12-0.43
24 (Z)-dihydrocarvone 0.92-2.20
27 dihydrocarvyl acetate 0.35-0.43
22 beta-elemene 0.06-0.23
28 germacrene D 0.09-0.30
6 limonene 13.65-17.27
20 linalool 0.10-0.51
26 menthol 0.08-0.11
18 menthone 0.08-0.26
5 myrcene 0.82-1.13
9 (E)-beta-ocimene trace-0.07
8 (Z)-beta-ocimene 0.06-0.14
15 3-octanol 2.09-2.66
11 3-octanone trace-0.07
16 1-octen-3-yl acetate 0.05-0.12
14 3-octyl acetate 0.13-0.23
1 alpha-pinene 0.51-0.72
3 beta-pinene 0.58-0.76
4 sabinene 0.43-0.56
17 (E)-sabinene hydrate 0.95-1.43
21 (Z)-sabinene hydrate 0.06-0.08
23 terpinen-4-ol 0.33-0.45
10 gamma-terpinene 0.07-0.14
13 terpinolene 0.04-0.07
21 borneol 12.490%
3 camphene 3.310%
18 camphor 9.140%
28 carvone 0.840%
16 chrysanthenone 4.040%
29 chrysanthenyl acetate 0.200%
30 alpha-copaene 0.100%
7 para-cymene 0.370%
27 isodihydrocarveol + nerol 0.440%
26 (E)-dihydrocarvone 22.290%
25 (Z)-dihydrocarvone 3.880%
12 alpha-para-dimethyl styrene 0.100%
31 germacrene D 0.940%
8 limonene 0.070%
14 linalool 0.260%
20 lyratol 0.190%
13 (E)-para-menth-2-en-1-ol 0.140%
11 (Z)-para-menth-2-en-1-ol 0.200%
9 beta-phellandrene + 1,8-cineole 13.530%
2 alpha-pinene 1.340%
5 beta-pinene 0.970%
17 pinocarveol 0.570%
19 pinocarvone 0.830%
4 sabinene 2.670%
23 terpinen-4-ol 1.030%
6 alpha-terpinene 0.230%
10 gamma-terpinene 0.370%
24 alpha-terpineol 0.390%
15 beta-thujone 11.640%
1 tricyclene 0.210%
22 umbellulone 1.860%
27 allo-aromadendrene 0.700%
30 beta-bisabolene 32.300%
14 borneol trace
25 beta-bourbonene 0.600%
31 delta-cadinene 1.000%
34 T-cadinol 4.000%
13 camphor trace
22 carvacrol 13.100%
24 carvacryl acetate trace
18 trans-carveol 0.500%
20 carvone 0.700%
26 beta-caryophyllene 3.400%
33 caryophyllene oxide 3.100%
8 1,8-cineole 0.750%
5 para-cymene 2.100%
16 (Z)-dihydrocarvone 1.000%
17 (E)-dihydrocarvone 5.000%
29 germacrene D 1.900%
6 limonene 1.000%
12 linalool 1.600%
19 methyl thymol 12.400%
28 gamma-muurolene 0.400%
4 myrcene trace
7 beta-phellandrene 0.500%
32 beta-sesquiphellandrene 0.700%
1 alpha-pinene 0.700%
3 beta-pinene trace
2 sabinene trace
10 (Z)-sabinene hydrate 1.500%
15 terpinen-4-ol 0.600%
9 gamma-terpinene trace
11 beta-thujone trace
21 thymol 1.300%
23 thymyl acetate trace