durene
p-xylene, 2,5-dimethyl- (7CI)
Identification
| Name | durene |
| IUPAC | 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene |
| CAS Number | 95-93-2 |
| EINECS | 202-465-7 |
| FDA UNII | 181426CFYB |
| Molecular Formula | C10 H14 |
| Molecular Weight | 134.22158000 |
| MDL Number | MFCD00008528 |
| Nikkaji Number | J4.714G |
| Beilstein | 1903393 |
| XlogP3 | 4.00 (est) |
Regulatory
Physical Properties
| Appearance | white solid (est) |
| Assay | 95.00 to 100.00 |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed | No |
| Specific Gravity | 0.83800 @ 25.00 °C. |
| Melting Point | 78.00 to 79.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point | 196.00 to 198.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.696000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Flash Point | 165.00 °F. TCC ( 73.89 °C. ) |
| logP (o/w) | 4.000 |
| Soluble in | alcohol |
No sensory data available
Safety Information
| Preferred SDS | View |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity | oral-rat LD50 6989 mg/kg |
| Dermal Toxicity | Not determined |
| Inhalation Toxicity | Not determined |
GHS Classification
['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements', 'U.S. Army Armament Research & Development Command, Chemical Systems Laboratory, NIOSH Exchange Chemicals. Vol. NX#00212']
Safety in Use
| Category | natural substances and extractives |
| Recommendation for durene usage levels up to | not for fragrance use. |
| Recommendation for durene flavor usage levels up to | not for flavor use. |
Potential Uses
Natural Occurrence
Synonyms
2,5-
dimethyl-p-xylene
durol
1,2,4,5-
tetramethyl benzene
1,2,4,5-
tetramethylbenzene
p-
xylene, 2,5-dimethyl- (7CI)
PubMed:
Molecular structure, vibrational spectra, HOMO, LUMO and NMR studies of 2,3,4,5,6-penta bromo toluene and bromo durene based on density functional calculations.
PubMed:
Dephenolization, dearomatization and detoxification of olive mill wastewater with sonication combined with additives and radical scavengers.
PubMed:
Photochemical oxidation of a manganese(III) complex with oxygen and toluene derivatives to form a manganese(V)-oxo complex.
PubMed:
Rate constants for the reactions of OH radicals with 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene, pentamethylbenzene, 2,4,5-trimethylbenzaldehyde, 2,4,5-trimethylphenol, and 3-methyl-3-hexene-2,5-dione and products of OH + 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene.
PubMed:
Chlorido[2,3,5,6-tetra-kis-(tert-butyl-sulfanylmeth-yl)phenyl-κ(3) S (2),C (1),S (6)]palladium(II) dichloro-methane monosolvate.
PubMed:
Iodo-durene.
PubMed:
Modified corrections for London forces in solid-state density functional theory calculations of structure and lattice dynamics of molecular crystals.
PubMed:
Near infrared luminescence of gold nanoclusters affected by the bonding of 1,4-dithiolate durene and monothiolate phenylethanethiolate.
PubMed:
Mixed dithiolate durene-DT and monothiolate phenylethanethiolate protected Au130 nanoparticles with discrete core and core-ligand energy states.
PubMed:
Spin crossover in di-, tri- and tetranuclear, mixed-ligand tris(pyrazolyl)methane iron(II) complexes.
PubMed:
Polymethylated [Fe(η6-arene)2]2+ dications: methyl-group rearrangements and application of the EINS mechanism.
PubMed:
The effects of photochemical and mechanical damage on the excited state dynamics of charge-transfer molecular crystals composed of tetracyanobenzene and aromatic donor molecules.
PubMed:
Validation of a gas chromatographic method to quantify sesquiterpenes in copaiba oils.
PubMed:
Systematic method for the incorporation of the {(eta(6)-arene)Fe} fragment into carborane cages via [(eta(6)-arene)Fe]2+ dications. A series of [3-(eta(6)-arene)-closo-3,1,2-FeC2B9H11] complexes. Reliable synthesis of polymethylated [(eta(6)-arene)2Fe]2+ cations.
PubMed:
Solvation of dichlorocarbene: complexation with aryl ethers.
PubMed:
Optical resolution, absolute configuration, and chiroptical properties of three-layered [3.3]paracyclophane.
PubMed:
The basicity of unsaturated hydrocarbons as probed by hydrogen-bond-acceptor ability: bifurcated N-H+ ...pi hydrogen bonding.
PubMed:
Synthesis and "in Vitro" Trypanocidal Activity Evaluation of Some Organo-iron Compounds.
PubMed:
2-(2,3,5,6-Tetra-methyl-benzyl-sulfan-yl)pyridine N-oxide.
PubMed:
Physiologically-based toxicokinetic modeling of durene (1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene) and isodurene (1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene) in humans.
PubMed:
Observation of vibronic emission spectrum of jet-cooled duryl radical in corona excitation.
PubMed:
Remarkable effect of water on functionalization of the phenyl ring in methyl-substituted benzene derivatives with F-TEDA-BF4.
PubMed:
Studies of the inner reorganization energies of the cation radicals of 1,4-bis(dimethylamino)benzene, 9,10-bis(dimethylamino)anthracene, and 3,6-bis(dimethylamino)durene by photoelectron spectroscopy and reinterpretation of the mechanism of the electrochemical oxidation of the parent diamines.
PubMed:
Low frequency internal modes of 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene, tetramethylpyrazine and tetramethyl-1,4-benzoquinone INS, Raman, infrared and theoretical DFT studies.
PubMed:
Multipoint recognition of catecholamines by hydrindacene-based receptors accompanied by the complexation-induced conformational switching.
PubMed:
Azolium-linked cyclophanes: a comprehensive examination of conformations by 1H NMR spectroscopy and structural studies.
PubMed:
The nature of the rapid relaxation of excited charge-transfer complexes.
PubMed:
Elevated-temperature metathesis syntheses of structurally novel alkali-metal tetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butylpyrazolato)lanthanoidate(III) complexes: toluene-coordinated discrete bimetallic complexes and supramolecular chains.
PubMed:
Theoretical study of the methylbenzene side-chain hydrocarbon pool mechanism in methanol to olefin catalysis.
PubMed:
Conformational studies by dynamic NMR. 94.1 cogwheel pathway for the stereomutations of durene derivatives containing the mesityl ring.
PubMed:
Helical self-assembly of substituted benzoic acids: influence of weaker X...X and C-H...X interactions.
PubMed:
Indirect NMR detection in solids with multiple cross-polarization periods.
PubMed:
[Microsomal monooxygenases upon inhalation exposure to pseudocumene and durene].
PubMed:
Study of the formation equilibria of electron donor-acceptor complexes between [60]fullerene and methylbenzenes by absorption spectrometric method.
PubMed:
Hydrogen bonding NH/pi interactions between betacarboline and methyl benzene derivatives.
PubMed:
The pi complexation of alkali and alkaline earth ions by the use of meso-octaalkylporphyrinogen and aromatic hydrocarbons.
PubMed:
The disposition and metabolism of durene (1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene) in rats.
PubMed:
Absorption spectroscopic study of EDA complexes of.
PubMed:
[The hygienic evaluation of 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene via inhalation body uptake].
PubMed:
Genotoxicity evaluation of tetramethylbenzenes.
PubMed:
MAS NMR studies of carbon-13 spin exchange in durene.
PubMed:
Toxic effects of acute inhalation exposure to 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene (durene) in experimental animals.
PubMed:
[Changes in biochemical parameters of erythrocytes in workers engaged in pyromellitic dianhydride production].
PubMed:
New Aspects of Spin Diffusion and Cross Relaxation in Solid-State NMR
PubMed:
Conformational Studies by Dynamic NMR. 57.(1) Stereodynamics of Syn-Anti Interconversion of Disubstituted Acyl Durenes.
PubMed:
The use of differential transverse relaxation to detect mobile species in solids.
PubMed:
[Evaluation of occupational exposure to aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons in bituminous pulp plants].
PubMed:
Durene-capped porphyrin complexes of iron(II). Binding of imidazoles, and spectroscopic trends within Fe(porp)B(L) species (B = imidazole base; L = RNC, CO, O2).
PubMed:
[Durene derivates. IV. N-((2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzoyl)alkyl)imidazoles and N-((beta-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl)-beta-hydroxy)ethyl)imidazoles with anticonvulsant activity].
PubMed:
Research on durene derivatives. Note I - hypertensive activity of 2-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzyl)imidazoline and related compounds.
PubMed:
[Recent research on durene derivatives. III. New ammonium salts with disinfectant activity].
PubMed:
[Recent studies on durene derivatives. II.-Ethers and acid thioethers].
PubMed:
Acute toxicity of tetramethylbenzenes: durene, isodurene and prehnitene.
PubMed:
Molecular-weight fractionation of polystyrene by zone-melting chromatography.