2,3-butane diol
butane-2,3-diol
Identification
| Name | 2,3-butane diol |
| IUPAC | butane-2,3-diol |
| CAS Number | 513-85-9 |
| EINECS | 208-173-6 |
| FDA UNII | 45427ZB5IJ |
| Molecular Formula | C4 H10 O2 |
| Molecular Weight | 90.12210000 |
| MDL Number | MFCD00004523 |
| Nikkaji Number | J6.283I |
| Beilstein | 0969165 |
| CoE Number | 10181 |
| XlogP3 | -0.90 (est) |
Regulatory
| DG SANTE Food Flavourings | 02.133 butane-2,3-diol |
Physical Properties
| Appearance | colorless clear liquid (est) |
| Assay | 95.00 to 100.00 |
| Additional Assay Information | Racemate |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed | No |
| Specific Gravity | 1.00100 to 1.00700 @ 25.00 °C. |
| Pounds per Gallon - (est). | 8.329 to 8.379 |
| Refractive Index | 1.43200 to 1.43800 @ 20.00 °C. |
| Melting Point | 25.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point | 182.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.243000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. |
| Vapor Density | 3.1 ( Air = 1 ) |
| Flash Point | 185.00 °F. TCC ( 85.00 °C. ) |
| logP (o/w) | -0.920 |
| Soluble in | alcohol |
Cosmetic Information
| CosIng | cosmetic data |
| Cosmetic Uses | fragrance |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Description | at 0.10 % in dipropylene glycol. |
Safety Information
| Preferred SDS | View |
| European information | Most important hazard(s): |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity | oral-mouse LD50 9000 mg/kg |
| Dermal Toxicity | Not determined |
| Inhalation Toxicity | Not determined |
GHS Classification
['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']
Safety in Use
| Category | solvents/deluents for flavor and/or fragrance agents |
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment | Search |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU) | 3.00 (μg/capita/day) |
| Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI) | 3900 (μg/person/day) |
| Threshold of Concern | 1800 (μg/person/day) |
| Structure Class | 1 |
| Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0) | 7.00000 |
| Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0) | 5.00000 |
| Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0) | 10.00000 |
| Processed fruit (04.1) | 7.00000 |
| Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2) | - |
| Confectionery (05.0) | 10.00000 |
| Chewing gum (05.3) | - |
| Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0) | 5.00000 |
| Bakery wares (07.0) | 10.00000 |
| Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0) | 2.00000 |
| Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0) | 2.00000 |
| Eggs and egg products (10.0) | - |
| Sweeteners, including honey (11.0) | - |
| Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0) | 5.00000 |
| Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0) | 10.00000 |
| Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1) | 5.00000 |
| Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2) | 10.00000 |
| Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0) | 20.00000 |
| Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0) | 5.00000 |
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Potential Uses
Natural Occurrence
Synonyms
2,3-
butandiol
DL-2,3-
butandiol
butane-2,3-diol
(R,S)-
butane-2,3-diol
DL-
butane-2,3-diol
2,3-
butanediol
2,3-
butylene glycol
2,3-
butyleneglycol
2,3-
dihydroxybutane
dimethyl ethylene glycol
dimethylene glycol
dimethylethylene glycol
PubMed:
Starter culture selection for making Chinese sesame-flavored liquor based on microbial metabolic activity in mixed-culture fermentation.
PubMed:
Transcriptome profiling of heat-resistant strain Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC3962 producing Maotai flavor.
PubMed:
The compositions of volatiles and aroma-active compounds in dried omija fruits (Schisandra chinensis Baillon) according to the cultivation areas.
PubMed:
Engineering of 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase to reduce acetoin formation by glycerol-overproducing, low-alcohol Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
PubMed:
[Rapid determination of volatile flavor compounds in soy sauce using head space solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry].
PubMed:
Diacetyl formation by lactic bacteria.
PubMed:
Production of 2-butanol through meso-2,3-butanediol consumption in lactic acid bacteria.
PubMed:
Acetoin Synthesis Acquisition Favors Escherichia coli Growth at Low pH.
PubMed:
Efficient whole-cell biocatalyst for acetoin production with NAD+ regeneration system through homologous co-expression of 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase and NADH oxidase in engineered Bacillus subtilis.
PubMed:
Viticultural practice and winemaking effects on metabolic profile of Negroamaro.
PubMed:
Starter culture selection for making Chinese sesame-flavored liquor based on microbial metabolic activity in mixed-culture fermentation.
PubMed:
Discrimination of varietal wines according to their volatiles.
PubMed:
2,3-butanediol production from cellobiose by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
PubMed:
Enhancement of acetoin production in Candida glabrata by in silico-aided metabolic engineering.
PubMed:
2,3-Butanediol fermentation promotes growth of Serratia plymuthica at low pH but not survival of extreme acid challenge.
PubMed:
Volatile fingerprint of Brazilian defective coffee seeds: corroboration of potential marker compounds and identification of new low quality indicators.
PubMed:
Production of 2,3-butanediol from xylose by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
PubMed:
Metabolite transfer with the fermentation product 2,3-butanediol enhances virulence by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
PubMed:
2,3-butanediol production from starch by engineered Klebsiella pneumoniae G31-A.
PubMed:
Production of 2,3-butanediol by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
PubMed:
Isolation of acetoin-producing Bacillus strains from Japanese traditional food-natto.
PubMed:
Recent insights in the removal of Klebseilla pathogenicity factors for the industrial production of 2,3-butanediol.
PubMed:
Characterization of volatile components in makgeolli, a traditional Korean rice wine, with or without pasteurization, during storage.
PubMed:
Analysis of irradiated cooked ham by direct introduction into the programmable temperature vaporizer of a multidimensional gas chromatography system.
PubMed:
Salmonella enterica suppresses Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum population and soft rot progression by acidifying the microaerophilic environment.
PubMed:
Acetoin production enhanced by manipulating carbon flux in a newly isolated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
PubMed:
Volatile composition of partially fermented wines elaborated from sun dried Pedro Ximénez grapes.
PubMed:
Application of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy for the characterization of Protected Designation of Origin Lambrusco wines of Modena.
PubMed:
A 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase from Paenibacillus polymyxa ZJ-9 for mainly producing R,R-2,3-butanediol: purification, characterization and cloning.
PubMed:
Simultaneous production of isopropanol, butanol, ethanol and 2,3-butanediol by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 engineered strains.
PubMed:
Removal of pathogenic factors from 2,3-butanediol-producing Klebsiella species by inactivating virulence-related wabG gene.
PubMed:
Characteristic aroma compounds of cooked and fermented soybean (Chungkook-Jang) inoculated with various Bacilli.
PubMed:
Cloning, expression and characterization of meso-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
PubMed:
Transcriptome profiling of heat-resistant strain Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC3962 producing Maotai flavor.
PubMed:
Cryptococcus thermophilus sp. nov., isolated from cassava sourdough.
PubMed:
Interesting starter culture strains for controlled cocoa bean fermentation revealed by simulated cocoa pulp fermentations of cocoa-specific lactic acid bacteria.
PubMed:
The compositions of volatiles and aroma-active compounds in dried omija fruits (Schisandra chinensis Baillon) according to the cultivation areas.
PubMed:
Metabolic influence of Botrytis cinerea infection in champagne base wine.
PubMed:
Integrated regulation of acetoin fermentation by quorum sensing and pH in Serratia plymuthica RVH1.
PubMed:
Relationship between changes in the total concentration of acetic acid bacteria and major volatile compounds during the acetic acid fermentation of white wine.
PubMed:
Use of microfungi in the treatment of oak chips: possible effects on wine.
PubMed:
Modelling the biphasic growth and product formation by Enterococcus faecium CECT 410 in realkalized fed-batch fermentations in whey.
PubMed:
Optimization of medium for one-step fermentation of inulin extract from Jerusalem artichoke tubers using Paenibacillus polymyxa ZJ-9 to produce R,R-2,3-butanediol.
PubMed:
Influence of pre-cure freezing on the profile of volatile compounds during the processing of Iberian hams.
PubMed:
Enantiomeric analysis of chiral compounds in irradiated foods using multidimensional gas chromatography.
PubMed:
Metabolomics reveals alterations in both primary and secondary metabolites by wine bacteria.
PubMed:
Biotechnological production of 2,3-butanediol--current state and prospects.
PubMed:
[Rapid determination of volatile flavor compounds in soy sauce using head space solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry].
PubMed:
1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic characterization of wines by grape varieties and production areas.
PubMed:
Determination of 2,3-butanediol and 2-hydroxybutanone stereoisomers in batteries of traditional balsamic vinegar.
PubMed:
Citrate metabolism by Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus durans isolated from goat's and ewe's milk: influence of glucose and lactose.
PubMed:
Alcoholic fermentation and its prevention by Lactobacillus buchneri in whole crop rice silage.
PubMed:
Characterization of a luxI/luxR-type quorum sensing system and N-acyl-homoserine lactone-dependent regulation of exo-enzyme and antibacterial component production in Serratia plymuthica RVH1.
PubMed:
Isolation and functional analysis of luxS in Serratia plymuthica RVH1.
PubMed:
Analysis of the volatile components of cheddar cheese by direct thermal desorption-GC x GC-TOF/MS.
PubMed:
1H NMR, a rapid method to monitor organic acids during cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum Spreng) processing.
PubMed:
Recycling of distillery effluents in alcoholic fermentation: role in inhibition of 10 organic molecules.
PubMed:
Determination of pesticide residues by GC-MS using analyte protectants to counteract the matrix effect.
PubMed:
Characterization of aerobic and anaerobic vegetative growth of the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus F4430/73 strain.
PubMed:
Influence of sequential yeast mixtures on wine fermentation.
PubMed:
Gas chromatographic quantification of major volatile compounds and polyols in wine by direct injection.
PubMed:
The 'buttery' attribute of wine--diacetyl--desirability, spoilage and beyond.
PubMed:
Engineering Lactococcus lactis for production of mannitol: high yields from food-grade strains deficient in lactate dehydrogenase and the mannitol transport system.
PubMed:
Gluconic acid consumption in wines by Schizosaccharomyces pombe and its effect on the concentrations of major volatile compounds and polyols.
PubMed:
Changes in gluconic acid, polyols and major volatile compounds in sherry wine during aging with submerged flor yeast cultures.
PubMed:
The species-specific ratios of 2,3-butanediol and acetoin isomers as a tool to evaluate wine yeast performance.
PubMed:
Volatile components and aroma active compounds in aqueous essence and fresh pink guava fruit puree (Psidium guajava L.) by GC-MS and multidimensional GC/GC-O.
PubMed:
Staphylococcus succinus subsp. casei subsp. nov., a dominant isolate from a surface ripened cheese.
PubMed:
Varietal differentiation of red wines in the Valencian region (Spain).
PubMed:
Volatile components in aqueous essence and fresh fruit of Cucumis melo cv. Athena (muskmelon) by GC-MS and GC-O.
PubMed:
Aromatic profile of aqueous banana essence and banana fruit by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O).
PubMed:
Diacetyl formation by lactic bacteria.
PubMed:
Effects of feeding premature infants with Lactobacillus GG on gut fermentation.
PubMed:
Volatile compounds associated with microbial growth on normal and high pH beef stored at chill temperatures.
PubMed:
Development of a Mutant Strain of Bacillus polymyxa Showing Enhanced Production of 2,3-Butanediol.
PubMed:
Gas chromatographic detection of D-(-)-2,3-butanediol and butyric acid produced by sporeformers in cream-style corn and canned beef noodle soup: collaborative study.
PubMed:
Fuels and industrial chemicals through biotechnology. 2.
PubMed:
Growth and end-product formation in fermenter cultures of Brochothrix thermosphacta ATCC 11509T and two psychrotrophic Lactobacillus spp. in different gaseous atmospheres.
PubMed:
Growth and end product formation of two psychrotrophic Lactobacillus spp. and Brochothrix thermosphacta ATCC 11509T at different pH values and temperatures.
PubMed:
End Products of Glucose Fermentation by Brochothrix thermosphacta.
PubMed:
Enzymatic determination of butane-2,3-diol in wines.