2,4-DB
Identification
| Name | 2,4-DB |
| IUPAC | 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butanoic acid |
| CAS Number | 94-82-6 |
| EINECS | 202-366-9 |
| FDA UNII | SL314DW868 |
| Molecular Formula | C10 H10 Cl2 O3 |
| Molecular Weight | 249.09130000 |
| MDL Number | MFCD00002819 |
| Nikkaji Number | J3.948I |
| Beilstein | 1976809 |
Regulatory
Physical Properties
| Appearance | colorless crystals (est) |
| Assay | 95.00 to 100.00 |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed | No |
| Soluble in | water, 46 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) |
No sensory data available
Safety Information
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity | oral-mouse LDLo 750 mg/kg |
| Dermal Toxicity | skin-rabbit LD50 > 10000 mg/kg |
| Inhalation Toxicity | Not determined |
GHS Classification
['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']
Safety in Use
| Category | herbicides / pesticides |
| Recommendation for 2,4-DB usage levels up to | not for fragrance use. |
| Recommendation for 2,4-DB flavor usage levels up to | not for flavor use. |
No supplier data available
Potential Uses
Natural Occurrence
Synonyms
butanoic acid, 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-
butirex
butyric acid, 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-
4-(2,4-
dichlorophenoxy) butyric acid
4-(2,4-
dichlorophenoxy)butanoic acid
gamma-(2,4-
dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid
legumex D
PubMed:
Label-free impedimetric immunosensor for sensitive detection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB) in soybean
PubMed:
Degradation of herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutanoic acid in the photolysis of [FeOH]2+ and [Fe(Ox)3]3- complexes: A mechanistic study
PubMed:
Characterisation of bacterial cultures enriched on the chlorophenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyric acid and 4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) butyric acid
PubMed:
Effects of the herbicide 2,4-DB and fungicide captan on reactions of mitochondria and chloroplasts
PubMed:
Degradation of 2,4-DB in Argentinean agricultural soils with high humic matter content
PubMed:
Adsorption and degradation of phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides in soils: A review
PubMed:
Chronic dietary toxicity/oncogenicity studies on 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acid in rodents
PubMed:
Evaluation of the in vitro genetic toxicity of 4-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid
PubMed:
Isolation and characterization of a 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid-degrading soil bacterium
PubMed:
2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid-resistant mutants of Arabidopsis have defects in glyoxysomal fatty acid beta-oxidation
PubMed:
Association of Macular Visual Field Measurements With Glaucoma Staging Systems
PubMed:
Chronic dietary toxicity study on 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acid in the dog
PubMed:
Retinal Sensitivity Using Microperimetry in Age-Related Macular Degeneration in an Amish Population
PubMed:
Effect of pile-driving sounds on harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) hearing
PubMed:
Noise exposure and auditory thresholds of German airline pilots: a cross-sectional study
PubMed:
Effects of the Carrier Phrase on Word Recognition Performances by Younger and Older Listeners Using Two Stimulus Paradigms
PubMed:
Structure/Psychophysical Relationships in X-Linked Retinoschisis
PubMed:
Modification of auxinic phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides by the acyl acid amido synthetase GH3.15 from Arabidopsis
PubMed:
Solid-phase extraction of acidic herbicides
PubMed:
Effects of accelerators on mobility of 14C-2,4-dichlorophenoxy butyric acid in plant cuticles depends on type and concentration of accelerator
PubMed:
Impact of reticular pseudodrusen on macular function
PubMed:
Sorption in reconstituted waxes of homologous series of alcohol ethoxylates and n-alkyl esters and their effects on the mobility of 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acid
PubMed:
Bilayer Graft for Incisionless In-Office Endoscopic Repair of Tympanic Membrane Perforations: A Pilot Study
PubMed:
Retest Variability in the Medmont M700 Automated Perimeter
PubMed:
Nanoscale plasmonic TM-pass polarizer integrated on silicon photonics
PubMed:
The metabolism of 2,4-dibromo [6,7-3H]17 beta-oestradiol in the rat: ring-A dibromination blocks male-specific 15 alpha-hydroxylation and catechol formation
PubMed:
The protective effects of intratympanic dexamethasone and vitamin E on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity are demonstrated in rats
PubMed:
Mesopic and dark-adapted two-color fundus-controlled perimetry in patients with cuticular, reticular, and soft drusen
PubMed:
[A survey of the otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) of workers exposed to noise in manufacturing factories]
PubMed:
Human Frequency Following Response Correlates of Spatial Release From Masking
PubMed:
Structural characteristics of endogenous sugar acids and relations to feeding modulation
PubMed:
The effect of photodynamic therapy on macular sensitivity in eyes with acute central serous chorioretinopathy
PubMed:
Shape Optimization of an Electric Dipole Array for 7 Tesla Neuroimaging
PubMed:
Novel à-ketoglutarate dioxygenase tfdA-related genes are found in soil DNA after exposure to phenoxyalkanoic herbicides
PubMed:
Mineralization and co-metabolic degradation of phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides by a pure bacterial culture isolated from an aquifer
PubMed:
Characterization of hapten-protein conjugates: antibody generation and immunoassay development for chlorophenoxyacetic acid pesticides
PubMed:
Predictive validity of a retrospective measure of noise exposure
PubMed:
Hearing levels in patients with microtia: correlation with temporal bone malformation
PubMed:
Uncoupled multi-core fiber enhancing signal-to-noise ratio
PubMed:
Predicting the Sorption of Aromatic Acids to Noncarbonized and Carbonized Sorbents
PubMed:
Effects of Spectral Resolution and Frequency Mismatch on Speech Understanding and Spatial Release From Masking in Simulated Bilateral Cochlear Implants
PubMed:
Evidence of cytochrome P450-catalyzed cleavage of the ether bond of phenoxybutyrate herbicides in Rhodococcus erythropolis K2-3
PubMed:
On the mutagenic and recombinogenic activity of certain herbicides in Salmonella typhimurium and in Aspergillus nidulans
PubMed:
[Analysis of the sound-insulation effects of control rooms in workshops with noise]
PubMed:
An impedance matching algorithm for common-mode interference removal in vagus nerve recordings
PubMed:
Complex Gaussian Processes for Regression
PubMed:
Identification of two Arabidopsis genes encoding a peroxisomal oxidoreductase-like protein and an acyl-CoA synthetase-like protein that are required for responses to pro-auxins
PubMed:
A rapid method to screen degradation ability in chlorophenoxyalkanoic acid herbicide-degrading bacteria
PubMed:
Response of Retinal Sensitivity to Intravitreal Anti-angiogenic Bevacizumab and Triamcinolone Acetonide for Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema over One Year
PubMed:
Age-Related Hearing Loss and the Listening Environment: Communication Challenges in a Group Care Setting for Older Adults
PubMed:
Reduction of CPR artifacts in the ventricular fibrillation ECG by coherent line removal
PubMed:
Feasibility of myocardial perfusion assessment with contrast echocardiography: can it improve recognition of significant coronary artery disease in the ICU?
PubMed:
The influence of growth hormone therapy on ultrasound myocardial tissue characterization in patients with childhood onset GH deficiency
PubMed:
The effect of simulated cataract on the glaucomatous visual field
PubMed:
A comparison of propofol- and dexmedetomidine-induced electroencephalogram dynamics using spectral and coherence analysis
PubMed:
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) impurities in pesticides: a neglected source of contemporary relevance
PubMed:
Myocardial integrated ultrasonic backscatter in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: prediction of response to beta-blocker therapy
PubMed:
[Toxicologo-hygienic evaluation of morphological changes in the liver of animals exposed to butyl esters of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T (2,4-DB, 2,4,5-TB) and their combinations]
PubMed:
Hearing in nonprofessional pop/rock musicians
PubMed:
Degradation of 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (2,4-DB) by Phytophthora megasperma
PubMed:
Cupriavidus pampae sp. nov., a novel herbicide-degrading bacterium isolated from agricultural soil
PubMed:
[Human ear finite element model study of the effects of ear canal and middle ear cavity on air conduction and bone conduction]
PubMed:
Lamb Waves and Adaptive Beamforming for Aberration Correction in Medical Ultrasound Imaging
PubMed:
Incorporation of xenobiotic carboxylic acids into lipids by cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes
PubMed:
Comparison of different settings for yellow subthreshold laser treatment in diabetic macular edema
PubMed:
HPLC measurement of chlorophenoxy herbicides, bromoxynil, and ioxynil, in biological specimens to aid diagnosis of acute poisoning
PubMed:
Comparison of visual field defect progression in secondary Glaucoma due to anterior uveitis caused by three types of herpes viruses
PubMed:
Suspended optical fiber-to-waveguide mode size converter for silicon photonics
PubMed:
Wavefront superposition method for accurate and efficient mode conversion
PubMed:
[Noise exposure in level III NICU environment in Beijing region and effects of intervention measures]
PubMed:
Influence of contralateral acoustic hearing on adult bimodal outcomes after cochlear implantation
PubMed:
Assessment of retinal sensitivity using a time-saving strategy in normal individuals
PubMed:
Confirmation of transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions based on user-independent criteria
PubMed:
Gradient Structure Design of Flexible Waterborne Polyurethane Conductive Films for Ultraefficient Electromagnetic Shielding with Low Reflection Characteristic
PubMed:
Word-recognition performance in interrupted noise by young listeners with normal hearing and older listeners with hearing loss
PubMed:
The effect of a coding strategy that removes temporally masked pulses on speech perception by cochlear implant users
PubMed:
The characterization of prepared organomontmorillonite (DEDMAM) and sorption of phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides from aqueous solution
PubMed:
In vitro genotoxic assessment of xenobiotic diacylglycerols in an in vitro micronucleus assay
PubMed:
Differences in visual function and optic nerve structure between healthy eyes of blacks and whites
PubMed:
Supplementation with a highly concentrated docosahexaenoic acid plus xanthophyll carotenoid multivitamin in nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: prospective controlled study of macular function by fundus m
PubMed:
Automated algorithms combining structure and function outperform general ophthalmologists in diagnosing glaucoma
PubMed:
Progressive sensorineural hearing impairment in maternally inherited diabetes mellitus and deafness (MIDD)
PubMed:
Amalgam dental fillings and hearing loss
PubMed:
Determination of chlorinated acid herbicides in vegetation and soil by liquid chromatography/electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry
PubMed:
[Effects of poria cocos on ototoxicity induced by kanamycin in guinea-pigs]
PubMed:
Amplitude (vu and rms) and Temporal (msec) Measures of Two Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6 Recordings
PubMed:
Temporal Effects on Monaural Amplitude-Modulation Sensitivity in Ipsilateral, Contralateral and Bilateral Noise
PubMed:
Raman-enhanced optical phase conjugator in WDM transmission systems
PubMed:
Vibration-induced hearing loss: mechanical and physiological aspects
PubMed:
Protection against ischemic cochlear damage by intratympanic administration of AM-111
PubMed:
[Determination of seven phenoxyacid herbicides in environmental water by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with three phase hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction]
PubMed:
Retinal sensitivity measured with the micro perimeter 1 after resolution of central serous chorioretinopathy
PubMed:
Assessment of cerebral autoregulation with transcranial Doppler sonography in poor bone windows using constant infusion of an ultrasound contrast agent
PubMed:
Arabidopsis thaliana mutants disrupted in lipid mobilization
PubMed:
A new rapid threshold algorithm for short-wavelength automated perimetry
PubMed:
Prostate cancer risk and exposure to pesticides in British Columbia farmers
PubMed:
Effects of vocal loudness variation on spectrum balance as reflected by the alpha measure of long-term-average spectra of speech
PubMed:
Correlation Between Mesopic Retinal Sensitivity and Optical Coherence Tomographic Metrics of the Outer Retina in Patients With Non-Atrophic Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration
PubMed:
Impact of occupational noise on pure-tone threshold and distortion product otoacoustic emissions after one workday
PubMed:
Detection of TIMI-3 flow before mechanical reperfusion with ultrasonic tissue characterization in patients with anterior wall acute myocardial infarction
PubMed:
Distortion product otoacoustic emissions in college music majors and nonmusic majors
PubMed:
Chemical cotton stalk destruction for maintenance of host-free periods for the control of overwintering boll weevil in tropical and subtropical climates
PubMed:
Barley has two peroxisomal ABC transporters with multiple functions in ?-oxidation
PubMed:
Estimating progression of visual field loss in glaucoma
PubMed:
Assessment of menopause-induced myocardial changes by integrated backscatter during inotropic stimulation and atropine injection
PubMed:
[Angiotensin II type 1 antagonist suppress left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis in patient with end stage renal disease (ESRD)]
PubMed:
Complexation of organic compounds in the presence of Al3+ during micellar flocculation
PubMed:
An Arabidopsis mutant disrupted in valine catabolism is also compromised in peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation
PubMed:
Evaluation of the genetic activity profiles of 65 pesticides
PubMed:
The benefit of binaural hearing in a cocktail party: effect of location and type of interferer
PubMed:
A multi-slot surface coil for MRI of dual-rat imaging at 4 T
PubMed:
The distribution of hearing threshold levels in the general population aged 18-30 years
PubMed:
Calibration and uncertainties in personal exposure measurements of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields
PubMed:
[First experiences with a new nickel-titanium piston with a shape memory feature]
PubMed:
Full-duplex bidirectional data transmission link using twisted lights multiplexing over 1.1-km orbital angular momentum fiber
PubMed:
Hyperreflective sign in resolved cotton wool spots using high-resolution optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography ophthalmoscopy
PubMed:
A Novel Carrier Loop Algorithm Based on Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) and Kalman Filter (KF) for Weak TC-OFDM Signals
PubMed:
Congruent tactile stimulation reduces the strength of visual suppression during binocular rivalry
PubMed:
Microperimetric retinal changes in myopic choroidal neovascularization treated with intravitreal ranibizumab
PubMed:
Dynamics of hepatic steatosis resolution and changes in gut microbiome with weight loss in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
PubMed:
Using a Digital Language Processor to Quantify the Auditory Environment and the Effect of Hearing Aids for Adults with Hearing Loss
PubMed:
Gas chromatographic/electron capture detection method for determination of chlorinated acids in water: collaborative study
PubMed:
The average specific forced radiation wave impedance of a finite rectangular panel
PubMed:
Course of hearing loss and occurrence of tinnitus
PubMed:
[Agreement and correlation between the frequency doubling perimetry and the blue-yellow perimetry in glaucoma: no support for selective damage]
PubMed:
Silicon arrayed waveguide gratings at 2.0-?m wavelength characterized with an on-chip resonator
PubMed:
Analysis of fifty-six cochlear implant device failures
PubMed:
Audiological results of the bone-anchored hearing aid HC200: multicenter results
PubMed:
Multimode optomechanical system in the quantum regime
PubMed:
Calmodulin-like protein AtCML3 mediates dimerization of peroxisomal processing protease AtDEG15 and contributes to normal peroxisome metabolism
PubMed:
Test-retest reliability of the Toy Discrimination Test with a masker of noise or babble in children with hearing impairment
PubMed:
A new technique for measurement of water permeability of stomatous cuticular membranes isolated from Hedera helix leaves
PubMed:
Compressed sensing MRI via two-stage reconstruction
PubMed:
Effects of temperature and concentration of the accelerators ethoxylated alcohols, diethyl suberate and tributyl phosphate on the mobility of [14C]2,4-dichlorophenoxy butyric acid in plant cuticles
PubMed:
Clinical performance of a highly portable, scanning calcaneal ultrasonometer
PubMed:
Speech perception and talker segregation: effects of level, pitch, and tactile support with multiple simultaneous talkers
PubMed:
Repeatability of distortion product otoacoustic emissions in normally hearing humans
PubMed:
Within-test variability of frequency-doubling perimetry using a 24-2 test pattern
PubMed:
Evaluation of acoustical parameter sensitivity to age-related and osteoarthritic changes in articular cartilage using 50-MHz ultrasound
PubMed:
Sphingomonas herbicidovorans MH: a versatile phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicide degrader
PubMed:
Myocardial tissue characterization in heart failure by real-time integrated backscatter
PubMed:
Effect of stimulus duration on stapedius reflex threshold in electrical stimulation via cochlear implant
PubMed:
Evaluation of a pinna compensation algorithm for sound localization and speech perception in noise
PubMed:
Effects of Herbicides on Sclerotinia Crown and Stem Rot of Alfalfa
PubMed:
[Fe(Ox)(3)](3-) complex as a photodegradation agent at neutral pH: Advances and limitations
PubMed:
Cyclic variation of integrated ultrasound backscatter: normal and abnormal myocardial patterns in children
PubMed:
Hearing deterioration in patients with a non-growing vestibular schwannoma
PubMed:
Quantitative relationship of carboplatin dose to magnitude of inner and outer hair cell loss and the reduction in distortion product otoacoustic emission amplitude in chinchillas
PubMed:
Impact of basic fibroblast growth factor on healing of tympanic membrane perforations due to direct penetrating trauma: a prospective non-blinded/controlled study
PubMed:
Establishing the feasibility of coupled solid-phase extraction-solid-phase derivatization for acidic herbicides
PubMed:
Fatty acid beta-oxidation in germinating Arabidopsis seeds is supported by peroxisomal hydroxypyruvate reductase when malate dehydrogenase is absent
PubMed:
Mutations in the Arabidopsis peroxisomal ABC transporter COMATOSE allow differentiation between multiple functions in planta: insights from an allelic series
PubMed:
Monitoring the Hearing Handicap and the Recognition Threshold of Sentences of a Patient with Unilateral Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder with Use of a Hearing Aid
PubMed:
Structural and functional changes associated with normal and abnormal fundus autofluorescence in patients with retinitis pigmentosa
PubMed:
Azimuthal sound localization in the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris): I. Physical binaural cues
PubMed:
The Natural Course of Tympanic Membrane Retractions in the Posterosuperior Quadrant of Pars Tensa: A Watchful Waiting Policy
PubMed:
A clinical comparison between a laboratory and a commercial impedance audiometer
PubMed:
Ultrasensitive two-mode interferometry with single-mode number squeezing
PubMed:
Randomized, prospective, three-arm study to confirm the auditory safety and efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine in Colombian patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria
PubMed:
Diagnosis of recent myocardial infarction with quantitative backscatter imaging: preliminary studies
PubMed:
The changes in acoustic attenuation due to in vitro heating
PubMed:
Simultaneous determination of acidic and non-acidic pesticides in natural waters by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
PubMed:
Efficient and mode selective spatial mode multiplexer based on multi-plane light conversion
PubMed:
Echelle grating silicon multi/demultiplexers with single-reflection total internal reflectors
PubMed:
Low-cost board-to-board optical interconnects using molded polymer waveguide with 45 degree mirrors and inkjet-printed micro-lenses as proximity vertical coupler
PubMed:
A comparison of four methods of implementing automatic gain control (AGC) in hearing aids
PubMed:
Gaussian-like dual-wavelength prescaled clock recovery with simultaneous frequency-doubled clock recovery using an optoelectronic oscillator
PubMed:
Population analysis of a binary bacterial culture by multi-parametric flow cytometry
PubMed:
Precision of the retinal tomograph as a screening device
PubMed:
Tapered waveguides for guided wave optics
PubMed:
Sound level discrimination by gray treefrogs in the presence and absence of chorus-shaped noise
PubMed:
Creation and measurement of broadband squeezed vacuum from a ring optical parametric oscillator
PubMed:
Reproducibility of quantitative backscatter echocardiographic imaging in normal subjects
PubMed:
[Tympanoplasty for patients with destruction of the stapes]
PubMed:
Saturated signal-to-noise ratio of up-stream WRC-FPLD transmitter injection-locked by down-stream data-erased ASE carrier
PubMed:
Distribution of cerebral microembolism in the anterior and middle cerebral arteries
PubMed:
The effectiveness of adenoidectomy in the treatment of glue ear: a randomized controlled trial
PubMed:
Microwave assisted solvent extraction and coupled-column reversed-phase liquid chromatography with UV detection use of an analytical restricted-access-medium column for the efficient multi-residue analysis o
PubMed:
Quantitative ultrasonic characterization of the nature of atherosclerotic plaques in human aorta
PubMed:
[Prospective randomized comparative study of frequency doubling perimetry vs standard automated perimetry in patients with glaucoma]
PubMed:
Graded-index silver chlorobromide fibers for the mid-infrared
PubMed:
Low-crosstalk Si arrayed waveguide grating with parabolic tapers
PubMed:
Spectral integration in bands of modulated or unmodulated noise
PubMed:
Spin squeezing of a cold atomic ensemble with the nuclear spin of one-half
PubMed:
Sample preparation based on dynamic ion-exchange solid-phase extraction for GC/MS analysis of acidic herbicides in environmental waters
PubMed:
Characteristics of stapedius muscle electromyograms elicited by cochlear implant stimulation in the rat
PubMed:
Acoustically coupled thickness-mode AIN-on-Si band-pass filters--part I: principle and devices
PubMed:
Achieving the shot-noise limit using experimental multi-shot digital holography data
PubMed:
Capabilities and limitations of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with solidification of floating organic drop for the extraction of organic pollutants from water samples
PubMed:
Optimizing the subcarrier granularity of coherent optical communications systems
PubMed:
Effects of signal duration on the recognition of masked communication signals by the grasshopper Chorthippus biguttulus
PubMed:
Modeling comodulation masking release using an equalization-cancellation mechanism
PubMed:
Coupling loss minimization of slow light slotted photonic crystal waveguides using mode matching with continuous group index perturbation
PubMed:
Generation of 21.3 Gbaud 8PSK signal using an SOA-based all-optical phase modulator
PubMed:
Ultracompact 160 Gbaud all-optical demultiplexing exploiting slow light in an engineered silicon photonic crystal waveguide
PubMed:
Broadband amplification of high power 40 Gb/s channels using multimode Er-Yb doped fiber
PubMed:
Time reversal multiple-input/multiple-output acoustic communication enhanced by parallel interference cancellation
PubMed:
Single-laboratory validation of EPA Method 8150 for determination of chlorinated herbicides in hazardous waste
PubMed:
Medial efferent effects on auditory-nerve responses to tail-frequency tones II: alteration of phase
PubMed:
Pilot-based cross-phase modulation compensation for coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing long-haul optical communications systems
PubMed:
SU8 3D prisms with ultra small inclined angle for low-insertion-loss fiber/waveguide interconnection
PubMed:
Demonstration of the feasibility of large-port-count optical switching using a hybrid Mach-Zehnder interferometer-semiconductor optical amplifier switch module in a recirculating loop
PubMed:
Demonstration of digital phase-sensitive boosting to extend signal reach for long-haul WDM systems using optical phase-conjugated copy
PubMed:
Masking-level differences for repeated filtered transients
PubMed:
[Hair cell noise damage after improved hypoxia tolerance (author's transl)]
PubMed:
Design and optimization of low-loss high-birefringence hollow fiber at terahertz frequency
PubMed:
Multiresidue herbicide analysis in soil:? subcritical water extraction with an on-line sorbent trap
PubMed:
Observation of gain in an optically pumped surface-normal multiple-quantum-well optical amplifier
PubMed:
Narrow-band acousto-optic tunable filtering in a two-mode fiber