monobenzone
hydroquinone monobenzyl ether
Identification
| Name | monobenzone |
| IUPAC | 4-phenylmethoxyphenol |
| CAS Number | 103-16-2 |
| EINECS | 203-083-3 |
| FDA UNII | 9L2KA76MG5 |
| Molecular Formula | C13 H12 O2 |
| Molecular Weight | 200.23704000 |
| MDL Number | MFCD00002333 |
| Nikkaji Number | J5.012A |
| Beilstein | 1958305 |
| XlogP3 | 3.40 (est) |
Regulatory
| FDA Mainterm (IAUFC) | 103-16-2 ; HYDROQUINONE MONOBENZYL ETHER |
| FDA Regulation | FDA PART 175 -- INDIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES: ADHESIVES AND COMPONENTS OF COATINGS |
Physical Properties
| Appearance | white crystalline powder (est) |
| Assay | 95.00 to 100.00 |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed | No |
| Melting Point | 122.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point | 359.00 to 360.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est) |
| Flash Point | 416.00 °F. TCC ( 213.40 °C. ) (est) |
| logP (o/w) | 2.651 (est) |
| Soluble in | water, 251.4 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
No sensory data available
Safety Information
| Preferred SDS | View |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity | intraperitoneal-rat LD50 4500 mg/kg |
| Dermal Toxicity | Not determined |
| Inhalation Toxicity | Not determined |
GHS Classification
['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']
Safety in Use
| Category | preservatives |
| Recommendation for monobenzone usage levels up to | not for fragrance use. |
| Recommendation for monobenzone flavor usage levels up to | not for flavor use. |
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Potential Uses
Natural Occurrence
Synonyms
agerite alba
p-
benzoxyphenol
para-
benzoxyphenol
4-(
benzyl oxy) phenol
benzyl p-hydroxyphenyl ether
benzyl para-hydroxyphenyl ether
4-(
benzyl-oxy)phenol
4-
benzyloxy phenol
4-
benzyloxy-phenol
p-(
benzyloxy) phenol
4-(
benzyloxy)benzolol
4-(
benzyloxy)phenol
p-(
benzyloxy)phenol
4-(
benzyloxyl)phenol
4-
benzyloxyphenol
p-
benzyloxyphenol
hydroquinone monobenzyl ether
p-
hydroxyphenyl benzyl ether
phenol, 4-(phenylmethoxy)-
phenol, 4-benzyloxy-
phenol, p-(benzyloxy)-
4-(
phenylmethoxy)phenol
4-
phenylmethoxyphenol
PubMed:
Different effects of five depigmentary compounds, rhododendrol, raspberry ketone, monobenzone, rucinol and AP736 on melanogenesis and viability of human epidermal melanocytes.
PubMed:
A mouse model of vitiligo induced by monobenzone.
PubMed:
Monobenzone-induced depigmentation: from enzymatic blockade to autoimmunity.
PubMed:
Successful treatment of extensive vitiligo with monobenzone.
PubMed:
Skin-depigmenting agent monobenzone induces potent T-cell autoimmunity toward pigmented cells by tyrosinase haptenation and melanosome autophagy.
PubMed:
The therapeutic effects of EGCG on vitiligo.
PubMed:
Effective melanoma immunotherapy in mice by the skin-depigmenting agent monobenzone and the adjuvants imiquimod and CpG.
PubMed:
Pre-clinical evidences of Pyrostegia venusta in the treatment of vitiligo.
PubMed:
A reactive ortho-quinone generated by tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidation of the skin depigmenting agent monobenzone: self-coupling and thiol-conjugation reactions and possible implications for melanocyte toxicity.
PubMed:
Corneal and conjunctival effects of monobenzone in patients with vitiligo.
PubMed:
Monobenzone, Superfade, vitiligo and confetti-like depigmentation.
PubMed:
Dermatitis produced by applications of monobenzone in patients with active vitiligo.
PubMed:
Diffuse leukoderma following use of monobenzone.
PubMed:
MONOBENZONE.
PubMed:
Evaluation of monobenzone.
PubMed:
Enhanced bleaching treatment: opportunities for immune-assisted melanocyte suicide in vitiligo.
PubMed:
Breaking immunological tolerance to melanocyte differentiation antigens by hypopigmenting agents: a new means for melanoma immunotherapy?
PubMed:
Targeting melanocyte and melanoma stem cells by 8-hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin.
PubMed:
Accelerating bleaching in vitiligo: balancing benefits versus risks.
PubMed:
Preferential secretion of inducible HSP70 by vitiligo melanocytes under stress.
PubMed:
Vitiligo-inducing phenols activate the unfolded protein response in melanocytes resulting in upregulation of IL6 and IL8.
PubMed:
Depigmentation therapies for normal skin in vitiligo universalis.
PubMed:
The development of guidelines for the treatment of vitiligo. Clinical Epidemiology Unit of the Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-Istituto di Recovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IDI-IRCCS) and the Archives of Dermatology.
PubMed:
How we treat vitiligo.
PubMed:
Monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone and 4-tertiary butyl phenol activate markedly different physiological responses in melanocytes: relevance to skin depigmentation.
PubMed:
New and experimental treatments of vitiligo and other hypomelanoses.
PubMed:
Retinoic acid synergistically enhances the melanocytotoxic and depigmenting effects of monobenzylether of hydroquinone in black guinea pig skin.
PubMed:
Footwear depigmentation.
PubMed:
Rapid repigmentation after depigmentation therapy: vitiligo treated with monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone.
PubMed:
Achromic patch test from hydroquinone monobenzyl ether.
PubMed:
The Seiji memorial lecture. Pigment stories: from vitiligo to melanomas and points in between.
PubMed:
Contact depigmentation of the breast.
PubMed:
Should vitiligo be treated?
PubMed:
[Leukomelanodermia areata (dyschromia "en confetti") caused by the application of monobenzylether of hydroquinone (author's transl)].
PubMed:
[Irreversible toxic depigmentation. Observations following use of hydroquinonemonobenzylether-containing skin bleaching preparations].
PubMed:
Contact hypersensitivity to monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone used to treat vitiligo.
PubMed:
Dyschromatosis.
PubMed:
A case report of extensive vitiligo.
PubMed:
Treatment of nonhairy melanocytic macules by dermabrasion and topical application of 5% hydroquinone monobenzyl ether cream.
PubMed:
Hearing aid depigmentation.
PubMed:
Influence of depigmenting chemical agents on hair and skin color in yellow (pheomelanic) and black (eumelanic) mice.
PubMed:
[Confetti-like dyschromia caused by a bleaching cream containing hydroquinone in racially pigmented patients].
PubMed:
Modulation of the population density of identifiable epidermal Langerhans cells associated with enhancement or suppression of cutaneous immune reactivity.
PubMed:
[Treatment of vitiligo].
PubMed:
[Therapy of melanin-induced pigment anomalies].
PubMed:
Sensitization to hydroquinone and the monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone.
PubMed:
[Acquired leukomelanoderma caused by topical depigmenting agents].
PubMed:
Screening of depigmenting compounds for the development of an alternate method of branding beef cattle.
PubMed:
[Eye diseases attributable to dermatologic therapy].
PubMed:
Vitiligo: a manifestation of apoptosis?
PubMed:
Vitiligo.
PubMed:
Cutaneous reactions to topical application of hydroquinone. Results of a 6-year investigation.