Identification

Namexanthan gum
IUPAC2-(2,4-diaminophenoxy)ethanol;dihydrochloride
CAS Number11138-66-2
EINECS234-394-2
FDA UNII63ZP7I1BQO
Molecular FormulaC8 H14 Cl2 N2 O2
Molecular Weight241.11598000
MDL NumberMFCD00131256

Regulatory

FDA/DG SANTE Petitions, Reviews, NoticesGRN 121 P1
JECFA Food AdditiveXanthan Gum
GSFA CodexXanthan gum (415)
DG SANTE Food Additivesxanthan gum
DG SANTE Food Contact Materialsxanthan gum
FDA Mainterm (SATF)11138-66-2 ; XANTHAN GUM
FDA RegulationFDA PART 133 -- CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS

Physical Properties

Appearance white to tan powder (est)
Food Chemicals Codex Listed No
Boiling Point 311.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure 0.001000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point 280.00 °F. TCC ( 137.50 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w) 3.926 (est)
Soluble in water
Stability alkali

Cosmetic Information

CosIngcosmetic data
Cosmetic Usesbinding agents

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Description at 100.00 %.

Safety Information

European informationMost important hazard(s):
Oral/Parenteral ToxicityNot determined
Dermal ToxicityNot determined
Inhalation ToxicityNot determined

GHS Classification

['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']

Safety in Use

Categorythickeners, gelling agents, stabalizers and emulsifiers
Recommendation for xanthan gum usage levels up tonot for fragrance use.
Recommendation for xanthan gum flavor usage levels up tonot for flavor use.

American International Chemical, Inc.

Consistent sources

North American supplier for globally sourced ingredients.

View All Website (800) 238-0001 info@aicma.com

BOC Sciences

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Quality supplier of research chemicals and biochemicals including inhibitors, building blocks, GMP Products, impurities and metabolites, APIs for Veterinary, Natural Compounds, ADCs, Stem Cell Molecul...

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ECSA Chemicals

Human Chemistry

ECSA Chemicals has been active since 1913 in the trading and international commerce of raw materials. With an organisation divided into industrial segments managed by specialists, it has become one of...

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Glentham Life Sciences Ltd

The Chemical, Biochemical & Research Essentials Supplier

Glentham Life Sciences is a supplier of fine chemicals and raw materials with warehousing, laboratories and packaging facilities in the UK.

View All Website +44 (0) 1225 667798 info@glentham.com

Penta International Corporation

Chemistry innovation

At Penta, our products and services help businesses do business better.

View All Website (973) 740-2300 lisaa@pentamfg.com

Qingdao Free Trade Zone United International Co Ltd

Quality Products

A partner in your supply chain solution.

View All Website +86-532-83893699 info@unitedint.com

Potential Uses

binding agents emulsion stabilisers viscosity controlling agents

Natural Occurrence

gummi xanthanum

Synonyms

corn sugar gum 2-(2,4- diaminophenoxy)ethanol;dihydrochloride gum xanthan gummi xanthanum gum merezan type 20 (Frutarom) merezan type 8 (Frutarom) PubMed: Strategy to identify and quantify polysaccharide gums in gelled food concentrates. PubMed: Screening multimycotoxins in food-grade gums by stable isotope dilution and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. PubMed: Rheological of chocolate-flavored, reduced-calories coating as a function of conching process. PubMed: Xanthan Gum Removal for 1H-NMR Analysis of the Intracellular Metabolome of the Bacteria Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri 306. PubMed: Crushed tablets: does the administration of food vehicles and thickened fluids to aid medication swallowing alter drug release? PubMed: Effect of charge density of polysaccharides on self-assembled intragastric gelation of whey protein/polysaccharide under simulated gastric conditions. PubMed: Xanthan gum stabilized gold nanoparticles: characterization, biocompatibility, stability and cytotoxicity. PubMed: Effects of xanthan, guar, carrageenan and locust bean gum addition on physical, chemical and sensory properties of meatballs. PubMed: Effect of microwave-assisted dry heating with xanthan on normal and waxy corn starches. PubMed: Effect of gums on the rheological characteristics and microstructure of acid-induced SPI-gum mixed gels. PubMed: Comparison of different gum-based thickeners using a viscometer and line spread test: a preliminary study. PubMed: The Physical and Linear Viscoelastic Properties of Fresh Wet Foams Based on Egg White Proteins and Selected Hydrocolloids. PubMed: A comparison of the sensory and rheological properties of molecular and particulate forms of xanthan gum. PubMed: Recent development of chitosan-based polyelectrolyte complexes with natural polysaccharides for drug delivery. PubMed: Green synthesis of xanthan conformation-based silver nanoparticles: antibacterial and catalytic application. PubMed: Effects of the amylose-amylopectin ratio on starch-hydrocolloid interactions. PubMed: Microencapsulation of purple Brazilian cherry juice in xanthan, tara gums and xanthan-tara hydrogel matrixes. PubMed: Effect of cell immobilization on heat-induced sublethal injury of Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria innocua. PubMed: Comparison of xanthans by the relative abundance of its six constituent repeating units. PubMed: The influence of the primary and secondary xanthan structure on the enzymatic hydrolysis of the xanthan backbone. PubMed: Influence of xanthan transition on the rheological properties of waxy starches. PubMed: Processing of waxy starch/xanthan gum mixtures within the gelatinization temperature range. PubMed: Ultrasound-assisted formation of the canthaxanthin emulsions stabilized by arabic and xanthan gums. PubMed: Physico-chemical stability of astaxanthin nanodispersions prepared with polysaccharides as stabilizing agents. PubMed: On the origin of sharp peaks in the X-ray diffraction patterns of xanthan powders. PubMed: Physico-chemical characteristics and sensory evaluation of wheat bread partially substituted with banana (Musa acuminata X balbisiana cv. Awak) pseudo-stem flour. PubMed: Improving the biocontrol potential of entomopathogenic nematodes against Mamestra brassicae: effect of spray application technique, adjuvants and an attractant. PubMed: [Assessment of three methods for the identification of enzymatically hydrolyzed guar gum]. PubMed: Effect of immobilization and salt concentration on the growth dynamics of Escherichia coli K12 and Salmonella typhimurium. PubMed: Comparison of dynamic viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of pressurised and pasteurised longan juices with xanthan addition. PubMed: Stability and dynamic rheological characterization of spread developed based on pistachio oil. PubMed: Changes in the physical properties of xanthan gum induced by a dynamic high-pressure treatment. PubMed: Effect of dry heat treatment with xanthan on waxy rice starch. PubMed: Preparation of xanthan-derived oligosaccharides and their hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. PubMed: Antioxidant activity of xanthan oligosaccharides prepared by different degradation methods. PubMed: Effects of fatty acid composition and β-carotene on the chlorophyll photosensitized oxidation of W/O emulsion affected by phosphatidylcholine. PubMed: Recent trends and applications of encapsulating materials for probiotic stability. PubMed: Effect of dry heating with ionic gums on physicochemical properties of starch. PubMed: Recent advances in microbial biopolymer production and purification. PubMed: Steady and dynamic shear rheological properties of gum-based food thickeners used for diet modification of patients with dysphagia: effect of concentration. PubMed: Emulsifying, rheological and physicochemical properties of exopolysaccharide produced by Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CCUG 52486 and Bifidobacterium infantis NCIMB 702205. PubMed: Quality, microstructure, biochemical and immunochemical characteristics of hypoallergenic pasta. PubMed: Xanthan production by Xanthomonas campestris using whey permeate medium. PubMed: Textural, physicochemical and sensory properties compensation of fat replacing in pork liver pâté incorporating emulsified canola oil. PubMed: [Physico-chemical properties of microbial and plant polysaccharides structurants]. PubMed: Late onset necrotizing enterocolitis in infants following use of a xanthan gum-containing thickening agent. PubMed: Characterization of water distribution in xanthan-curdlan hydrogel complex using magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry, rheology, and scanning electron microscopy. PubMed: Food gels: gelling process and new applications. PubMed: Development of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants receiving thickened feeds using SimplyThick®. PubMed: Simple and rapid purification of pediocin PA-1 from Pediococcus pentosaceous NCDC 273 suitable for industrial application. PubMed: Effect of hydrocolloids incorporation in casing of samosa on reduction of oil uptake. PubMed: Influence of thickeners on the fragmentation of fish meat sausage by mastication. PubMed: Influence of carbohydrates on the interaction of procyanidin B3 with trypsin. PubMed: In vitro evaluation of the erosive potential of orange juice modified by food additives in enamel and dentine. PubMed: Effect of non-starch polysaccharides on the in vitro digestibility and rheological properties of rice starch gel. PubMed: Hybrid modeling of xanthan gum bioproduction in batch bioreactor. PubMed: Insights into the genome of the xanthan-producing phytopathogen Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni 109 by comparative genomic hybridization. PubMed: How do xanthan and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose individually affect the physicochemical properties in a model gluten-free dough? PubMed: Analysis of ingredient functionality and formulation optimization of pasta supplemented with peanut flour. PubMed: On the critical evaluation of growth/no growth assessment of Zygosaccharomyces bailii with optical density measurements: liquid versus structured media. PubMed: Lubrication, adsorption, and rheology of aqueous polysaccharide solutions. PubMed: Rheological interactions between Lallemantia royleana seed extract and selected food hydrocolloids. PubMed: Effect of arabic gum and xanthan gum on the stability of pesticide in water emulsion. PubMed: Hydrocolloid interaction with water, protein, and starch in wheat dough. PubMed: Relationship between the rheological properties of thickener solutions and their velocity through the pharynx as measured by the ultrasonic pulse Doppler method. PubMed: Application of an active alginate coating to control the growth of Listeria monocytogenes on poached and deli turkey products. PubMed: New method for selection of hydrogen peroxide adapted bifidobacteria cells using continuous culture and immobilized cell technology. PubMed: Xanthan enhances water binding and gel formation of transglutaminase-treated porcine myofibrillar proteins. PubMed: Sensory properties determined by starch type in white sauces: effects of freeze/thaw and hydrocolloid addition. PubMed: Analysis of ingredient functionality and formulation optimization of an instant peanut beverage mix. PubMed: Rheology and oxidative stability of whey protein isolate-stabilized menhaden oil-in-water emulsions as a function of heat treatment. PubMed: Discrimination of orange beverage emulsions with different formulations using multivariate analysis. PubMed: Development of low-fat mayonnaise containing polysaccharide gums as functional ingredients. PubMed: Quality of casein based Mozzarella cheese analogue as affected by stabilizer blends. PubMed: Influence of linolenic acid content on the oxidation of milk fat. PubMed: Physicochemical stability of maize germ oil body emulsions as influenced by oil body surface-xanthan gum interactions. PubMed: Adding chemical cross-links to a physical hydrogel. PubMed: Sorption of water vapor, hydration, and viscosity of carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guar, diutan, and xanthan gums, and their molecular association with and without salts (NaCl, CaCl2, HCOOK, CH3COONa, (NH4)2SO4 and MgSO4) in aqueous solution. PubMed: Xanthan and gellan degradation by bacteria of activated sludge. PubMed: Formulation and evaluation of gastroretentive drug delivery system of propranolol hydrochloride. PubMed: Development of reduced-fat mayonnaise using 4alphaGTase-modified rice starch and xanthan gum. PubMed: Optimization of gluten-free formulations for French-style breads. PubMed: Effect of various encapsulating materials on the stability of probiotic bacteria. PubMed: Singlet oxygen quenching effects of phosphatidylcholine in emulsion containing sunflower oil. PubMed: Effect of xanthan on the molecular mobility of amorphous sucrose detected by erythrosin B phosphorescence. PubMed: Endoxanthanase, a novel beta-D-glucanase hydrolyzing backbone linkage of intact xanthan from newly isolated Microbacterium sp. XT11. PubMed: Physiological responses to novel carbohydrates as assessed using canine and avian models. PubMed: Physicochemical properties of exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens ZW3 isolated from Tibet kefir. PubMed: Suppressive effect of poly-gamma-glutamate on SOS response of Salmonella typhimurium induced by chemical mutagens. PubMed: Identification of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris galactose utilization genes from transcriptome data. PubMed: Fresh pasta quality as affected by enrichment of nonstarch polysaccharides. PubMed: Influence of deacetylation on the rheological properties of xanthan-guar interactions in dilute aqueous solutions. PubMed: Effects of hydrophilic hydrocolloids on dough and bread performance of samples made from frozen doughs. PubMed: Reinforcing effect for corn oil stimulus was concentration dependent in an operant task in mice. PubMed: Glycoprotein emulsifiers from two marine Halomonas species: chemical and physical characterization. PubMed: Modeling the relationship between the main emulsion components and stability, viscosity, fluid behavior, zeta-potential, and electrophoretic mobility of orange beverage emulsion using response surface methodology. PubMed: Partial purification and chemical characterization of a glycoprotein (putative hydrocolloid) emulsifier produced by a marine bacterium Antarctobacter. PubMed: Effects of hydrocolloid addition and high pressure processing on the rheological properties and microstructure of a commercial ostrich meat product "Yor" (Thai sausage). PubMed: Impact of the extrusion process on xanthan gum behaviour. PubMed: A clinical study in situ to assess the effect of a food approved polymer on the erosion potential of drinks. PubMed: Thickened fluids and water absorption in rats and humans. PubMed: A structural factor responsible for substrate recognition by Bacillus sp. GL1 xanthan lyase that acts specifically on pyruvated side chains of xanthan. PubMed: Daily increase of fat ingestion mediated via mu-opioid receptor signaling pathway. PubMed: Synergisms between yellow mustard mucilage and galactomannans and applications in food products--a mini review. PubMed: Stability of acidic egg white protein emulsions containing xanthan gum. PubMed: In vitro assessment of antimicrobial activity of carvacrol, thymol and cinnamaldehyde towards Salmonella serotype Typhimurium DT104: effects of pig diets and emulsification in hydrocolloids. PubMed: POMC and orexin mRNA expressions induced by anticipation of a corn-oil emulsion feeding are maintained at the high levels until oil ingestion. PubMed: Gelation of native beta-lactoglobulin induced by electrostatic attractive interaction with xanthan gum. PubMed: Particle tracking using confocal microscopy to probe the microrheology in a phase-separating emulsion containing nonadsorbing polysaccharide. PubMed: Model for Plateau border drainage of power-law fluid with mobile interface and its application to foam drainage. PubMed: Synergistic interaction of xyloglucan and xanthan investigated by rheology, differential scanning calorimetry, and NMR. PubMed: Analysis of non-Newtonian liquids using a microfluidic capillary viscometer. PubMed: Effect of carbohydrates on the survival of Lactobacillus helveticus during vacuum drying. PubMed: New aqueous two phase system comprising polyethylene glycol and xanthan. PubMed: A technical feasibility study of surfactant-free drug suspensions using octenyl succinate-modified starches. PubMed: An investigation of some food-approved polymers as agents to inhibit hydroxyapatite dissolution. PubMed: [The effect of xantham gum on satiety status of obese patients after test meal]. PubMed: Pilot-scale production and liquid formulation of Rhodotorula minuta, a potential biocontrol agent of mango anthracnose. PubMed: The effect of sucrose on unfrozen water and syneresis of acidified sodium caseinate-xanthan gels. PubMed: Plasma-enhanced modification of xanthan gum and its effect on rheological properties. PubMed: Effect of xanthan on flavor release from thickened viscous food model systems. PubMed: Differentiation of carbohydrate gums and mixtures using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics. PubMed: Microstructural evolution of viscoelastic emulsions stabilised by sodium caseinate and xanthan gum. PubMed: Application of antibodies for the identification of polysaccharide gum additives in processed foods. PubMed: Effect of locust bean/xanthan gum addition and replacement of pork fat with olive oil on the quality characteristics of low-fat frankfurters. PubMed: Evolution of liquid holdup profile in a standing protein stabilized foam. PubMed: Influence of polysaccharides on the rate of coalescence in oil-in-water emulsions formed with highly hydrolyzed whey proteins. PubMed: Suppressive effect of viscous dietary fiber on elevations of uric acid in serum and urine induced by dietary RNA in rats is associated with strength of viscosity. PubMed: A new in vitro assay of cholesterol adsorption by food and microbial polysaccharides. PubMed: Effects of different emulsifier types, fat contents, and gum types on retardation of staling of microwave-baked cakes. PubMed: Use of starch/xanthan gum combinations as thickeners of cocoa syrups. PubMed: Rheology and stability of acidified food emulsions treated with high pressure. PubMed: Front-face fluorescence spectroscopy study of globular proteins in emulsions: influence of droplet flocculation. PubMed: Role of hydrocolloids in the creaming of oil in water emulsions. PubMed: Effect of biopolymers on structure and ice recrystallization in dynamically frozen ice cream model systems. PubMed: Crystal structure of Bacillus sp. GL1 xanthan lyase, which acts on the side chains of xanthan. PubMed: Influence of fat crystallization on the stability of flocculated emulsions. PubMed: Toward the recognition of structure-function relationships in galactomannans. PubMed: Molecular identification of family 38 alpha-mannosidase of Bacillus sp. strain GL1, responsible for complete depolymerization of xanthan. PubMed: Development of corn starch-gum bread for phenylketonuria patients. PubMed: Incipient erosion of biostabilized sediments examined using particle-field optical holography. PubMed: In vitro study of possible role of dietary fiber in lowering postprandial serum glucose. PubMed: Effects of some hydrocolloids and water activity on nonenzymic browning of concentrated orange juice. PubMed: Polysaccharide lyase: molecular cloning, sequencing, and overexpression of the xanthan lyase gene of Bacillus sp. strain GL1. PubMed: Improved hypolipidemic effects of xanthan gum-galactomannan mixtures in rats. PubMed: Survival of bifidobacteria in yogurt and simulated gastric juice following immobilization in gellan-xanthan beads. PubMed: Adhesion of rice flour-based batter to chicken drumsticks evaluated by laser scanning confocal microscopy and texture analysis. PubMed: A novel gene encoding xanthan lyase of Paenibacillus alginolyticus strain XL-1. PubMed: Effects of xanthan and galactomannan on the freeze/thaw properties of starch gels. PubMed: Gamma-scintigraphic study of the gastrointestinal transit and in vivo dissolution of a controlled release diclofenac sodium formulation in xanthan gum matrices. PubMed: Low levels of viscous hydrocolloids lower plasma cholesterol in rats primarily by impairing cholesterol absorption. PubMed: [Sensory characterization of pate from waste salmon (Salmo salar L.) products utilizing response surface methodology]. PubMed: Unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase of Bacillus sp. GL1: novel enzyme prerequisite for metabolism of unsaturated oligosaccharides produced by polysaccharide lyases. PubMed: Microbial system for polysaccharide depolymerization: enzymatic route for xanthan depolymerization by Bacillus sp. strain GL1. PubMed: A pyruvated mannose-specific xanthan lyase involved in xanthan degradation by Paenibacillus alginolyticus XL-1. PubMed: The orosensory recognition of long-chain fatty acids in rats. PubMed: Xanthan gum biosynthesis and application: a biochemical/genetic perspective. PubMed: Xanthan lyase of Bacillus sp. strain GL1 liberates pyruvylated mannose from xanthan side chains. PubMed: Production of cell-free xanthan fermentation broth by cell adsorption on fibers PubMed: Synergistic gelation of xanthan gum with locust bean gum: a rheological investigation. PubMed: Isolation of wild Xanthomonas strains from agricultural produce, their characterization and potential related to polysaccharide production. PubMed: An investigation into the temperature dependence of the rheological synergy between xanthan gum and locust bean gum mixtures. PubMed: Linkage of genes essential for synthesis of a polysaccharide capsule in Sphingomonas strain S88. PubMed: Novel products and new technologies for use of a familiar carbohydrate, milk lactose. PubMed: Dietary fiber for dogs: IV. In vitro fermentation of selected fiber sources by dog fecal inoculum and in vivo digestion and metabolism of fiber-supplemented diets. PubMed: Observation of the helical structure of the bacterial polysaccharide acetan by atomic force microscopy. PubMed: Comparison of four purification methods for the production of immunoglobulins from eggs laid by hens immunized with an enterotoxigenic E. coli strain. PubMed: Properties of agents that effectively entrap liquid lipids. PubMed: Increase of xanthan production by cloning xps genes into wild-type Xanthomonas campestris. PubMed: Physico-chemical properties of aqueous solutions of xanthan: an n.m.r. study. PubMed: Construction of lactose-utilizing Xanthomonas campestris and production of xanthan gum from whey. PubMed: Kinetics of xanthan production when NH3-N limits biomass synthesis and glucose limits polysaccharide synthesis. PubMed: Rheologically interesting polysaccharides from yeasts. PubMed: Hepatic responses to edible gums during refeeding of starved rats. PubMed: Viscosity of food gums determined in vitro related to their hypoglycemic actions. PubMed: Diet texture, moisture and starch type in dietary obesity. PubMed: Practical liquid diets for rats: effects on growth. PubMed: The dietary effects of xanthan gum in man. PubMed: A novel bioreactor system for biopolymer production. PubMed: Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Thirtieth Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. PubMed: Rate and yield relationships in the production of xanthan gum by batch fermentations using complex and chemically defined growth media. PubMed: Nitrogen conversion factors for the proteinaceous content of gums permitted as food additives. PubMed: Gas chromatographic determination of polysaccharide gums in foods after hydrolysis and derivatization. PubMed: Use of xanthan gum in dietary management of diabetes mellitus. PubMed: Formulation of a liquid diet for ethanol studies involving gestation and lactation in the rat. PubMed: Immune responses to xanthan gum. I. The characteristics of lymphocyte activation by xanthan gum. PubMed: Lipid-linked intermediates in the biosynthesis of xanthan gum. PubMed: Xanthan gum: safety evaluation by two-year feeding studies in rats and dogs and a three-generation reproduction study in rats.