isoprene
1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-
Identification
| Name | isoprene |
| IUPAC | 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene |
| CAS Number | 78-79-5 |
| EINECS | 201-143-3 |
| FDA UNII | 0A62964IBU |
| Molecular Formula | C5 H8 |
| Molecular Weight | 68.11876000 |
| MDL Number | MFCD00008600 |
| Nikkaji Number | J1.958E |
| Beilstein | 0969158 |
Regulatory
| DG SANTE Food Contact Materials | 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene |
| FDA Mainterm (IAUFC) | 78-79-5 ; ISOPRENE |
Physical Properties
| Appearance | colorless clear liquid (est) |
| Assay | 95.00 to 100.00 |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed | No |
| Specific Gravity | 0.67700 to 0.68300 @ 25.00 °C. |
| Pounds per Gallon - (est). | 5.633 to 5.683 |
| Refractive Index | 1.41500 to 1.42100 @ 20.00 °C. |
| Boiling Point | 33.00 to 34.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg |
| Vapor Pressure | 548.955017 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Flash Point | -65.00 °F. TCC ( -53.89 °C. ) |
| logP (o/w) | 2.420 |
| Soluble in | alcohol |
| Insoluble in | water |
No sensory data available
Safety Information
| Preferred SDS | View |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity | gavage-rat LD50 [sex: M,F] 2043.00 - 2210 mg/kg |
| Dermal Toxicity | Not determined |
| Inhalation Toxicity | inhalation-rat LC50 180 gm/m3/4H |
GHS Classification
['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']
Safety in Use
| Category | indirect food additives: adhesives and components of coatings |
| Recommendation for isoprene usage levels up to | not for fragrance use. |
| Recommendation for isoprene flavor usage levels up to | not for flavor use. |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU) | 0.061 (μg/capita/day) |
| Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI) | 3700 (μg/person/day) |
| Threshold of Concern | 1800 (μg/person/day) |
| Structure Class | I |
Potential Uses
Natural Occurrence
Synonyms
1,3-
butadiene, 2-methyl-
2-
methyl 1,3-butadiene
beta-
methyl bivinyl
2-
methyl butadiene
2-
methyl-1,3-butadiene
3-
methyl-1,3-butadiene
2-
methylbuta-1,3-diene
2-
methylbutadiene
iso
pentadiene
Info:
ISOPRENE and TERPENES
US Patents:
4,003,935 - 7-Methyl-octahydro-1,4-methano-naphthalen-6-one
PubMed:
Biomarkers of infection with Plasmodium falciparum detected in human breath.
PubMed:
Isoprenoids and phenylpropanoids are part of the antioxidant defense orchestrated daily by drought-stressed Platanus Ã acerifolia plants during Mediterranean summers.
PubMed:
Double bond stereochemistry influences the susceptibility of short-chain isoprenoids and polyprenols to decomposition by thermo-oxidation.
PubMed:
The role of oxidative stress on carotene production by Blakeslea trispora in submerged fermentation.
PubMed:
Reconciling functions and evolution of isoprene emission in higher plants.
PubMed:
Isoprene production in transgenic tobacco alters isoprenoid, non-structural carbohydrate and phenylpropanoid metabolism, and protects photosynthesis from drought stress.
PubMed:
Isoprene improves photochemical efficiency and enhances heat dissipation in plants at physiological temperatures.
PubMed:
Toward a photosynthetic microbial platform for terpenoid engineering.
PubMed:
On the origin of water-soluble organic tracer compounds in fine aerosols in two cities: the case of Los Angeles and Barcelona.
PubMed:
Rapid determination of coenzyme Q10 in food supplements using 1H NMR spectroscopy.
PubMed:
[Regulation of isoprenoid pathway for enhanced production of linalool in Saccharomyces cerevisiae].
PubMed:
Early induction of apple fruitlet abscission is characterized by an increase of both isoprene emission and abscisic acid content.
PubMed:
Chemoprevention of hepatocarcinogenesis with dietary isoprenic derivatives: cellular and molecular aspects.
PubMed:
Effect of cigarette menthol content on mainstream smoke emissions.
PubMed:
A novel application of the Margin of Exposure approach: segregation of tobacco smoke toxicants.
PubMed:
The use of a novel tobacco treatment process to reduce toxicant yields in cigarette smoke.
PubMed:
Engineering cyanobacteria for fuels and chemicals production.
PubMed:
Identification of moderately halophilic bacteria from Thai fermented fish ( pla-ra ) and proposal of Virgibacillus siamensis sp. nov.
PubMed:
Experimental setup and analytical methods for the non-invasive determination of volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde and NOx in exhaled human breath.
PubMed:
Catabolism of citronellol and related acyclic terpenoids in pseudomonads.
PubMed:
Bacillus siamensis sp. nov., isolated from salted crab (poo-khem) in Thailand.
PubMed:
Nitrogen management is essential to prevent tropical oil palm plantations from causing ground-level ozone pollution.
PubMed:
Biosynthesis and bioproduction of coenzyme Q10 by yeasts and other organisms.
PubMed:
Determining concentration patterns of volatile compounds in exhaled breath by PTR-MS.
PubMed:
[Foods fortified with phytosterins: their role in decreasing serum cholesterol level, their European Community authorization and requirements for placing them on the market].
PubMed:
Isoprene emissions influence herbivore feeding decisions.
PubMed:
Release of isoprene and monoterpenes during the aerobic decomposition of orange wastes from laboratory incubation experiments.
PubMed:
Toxicological evaluation of potassium sorbate added to cigarette tobacco.
PubMed:
Piscibacillus salipiscarius gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from fermented fish (pla-ra) in Thailand.
PubMed:
Unusual features of a recombinant apple alpha-farnesene synthase.
PubMed:
Metabolic engineering of coenzyme Q by modification of isoprenoid side chain in plant.
PubMed:
Potential applications of breath isoprene as a biomarker in modern medicine: a concise overview.
PubMed:
Antileishmanial activity of the terpene nerolidol.
PubMed:
Biosynthesis of irregular diterpenes in Anisotome lyallii by head-to-head coupling of geranyl diphosphate.
PubMed:
Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) for on-line trace gas analysis.
PubMed:
Safety evaluation of a triterpenoid-rich extract from bamboo shavings.
PubMed:
Arsenicicoccus bolidensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from contaminated lake sediment.
PubMed:
Effects of ventilation on the collection of exhaled breath in humans.
PubMed:
Methyl palmitate: a novel product of the Medfly (Ceratitis capitata) corpus allatum.
PubMed:
Reproductive fitness and quinone content of Caenorhabditis elegans clk-1 mutants fed coenzyme Q isoforms of varying length.
PubMed:
Biosynthesis of anthecotuloide, an irregular sesquiterpene lactone from Anthemis cotula L. (Asteraceae) via a non-farnesyl diphosphate route.
PubMed:
Increase of acetone and ammonia in urine headspace and breath during ovulation quantified using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry.
PubMed:
Volatile metabolites from actinomycetes.
PubMed:
Modelling the responses to biological reactive intermediates: establishing the borderlines of risk.
PubMed:
Volatile isoprenoid constituents of fruits, vegetables and herbs cumulatively suppress the proliferation of murine B16 melanoma and human HL-60 leukemia cells.
PubMed:
Prediction of isoprene diepoxide levels in vivo in mouse, rat and man using enzyme kinetic data in vitro and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling.
PubMed:
Biosynthesis of the hemi- and monoterpene moieties of isoprenyl phenyl ethers from the liverwort Trichocolea tomentella.
PubMed:
Trace gases in breath of healthy volunteers when fasting and after a protein-calorie meal: a preliminary study.
PubMed:
Conjugation of isoprene monoepoxides with glutathione, catalyzed by alpha, mu, pi and theta-class glutathione S-transferases of rat and man.
PubMed:
The biotransformation of isoprene and the two isoprene monoepoxides by human cytochrome P450 enzymes, compared to mouse and rat liver microsomes.
PubMed:
Effect of crop development on biogenic emissions from plant populations grown in closed plant growth chambers.
PubMed:
Changes of dolichol and dolichyl fatty acyl esters during the germination and development of soybeans.
PubMed:
Indoor sources of mutagenic aerosol particulate matter: smoking, cooking and incense burning.
PubMed:
Interactions of a model block copolymer drug delivery system with two serum proteins and myoglobin.
PubMed:
Location and activity of ubiquinone 10 and ubiquinone analogues in model and biological membranes.
PubMed:
Analysis of residual vulcanization accelerators in baby bottle rubber teats.
PubMed:
Tissue damage and nutritional factors in experimental respiratory tract (Co-)carcinogenesis.