kojic acid

4H-pyran-4-one, 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-

CAS: 501-30-4 C6 H6 O4 MW: 142.11062000

Identification

Namekojic acid
IUPAC5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyran-4-one
CAS Number501-30-4
EINECS207-922-4
FDA UNII6K23F1TT52
Molecular FormulaC6 H6 O4
Molecular Weight142.11062000
MDL NumberMFCD00006580
Nikkaji NumberJ1.564D
Beilstein0120895

Regulatory

Physical Properties

Assay 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed No
Melting Point 153.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point 401.67 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point 356.00 °F. TCC ( 179.90 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w) -0.640
Soluble in water, 9.346e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

Cosmetic Information

CosIngcosmetic data
Cosmetic Usesantioxidants

No sensory data available

Safety Information

Preferred SDSView
Oral/Parenteral Toxicityintravenous-dog LDLo 1000 mg/kg
Dermal Toxicitysubcutaneous-mouse LDLo 1500 mg/kg
Inhalation ToxicityNot determined

GHS Classification

['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']

Safety in Use

Categoryantioxidants
Recommendation for kojic acid usage levels up tonot for fragrance use.
Recommendation for kojic acid flavor usage levels up tonot for flavor use.

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Potential Uses

None Found

Natural Occurrence

found in nature

Synonyms

acido kojico 5'- hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-pyranone 5- hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-pyrone 5- hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one 5- hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyran-4-one 5- hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-(4H)-pyran-4-one 5- hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-4-pyrone 5- hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-4H-4-pyranone 5- hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-pyran-4-one 2- hydroxymethyl-5-hydroxy-g-pyrone 2-( hydroxymethyl)-5-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one kojicacid pyran-4-one, 5-hydroxy-2- (hydroxymethyl) 4H- pyran-4-one, 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)- PubMed: Quantitation of multiple mycotoxins and cyanogenic glucosides in cassava samples from Tanzania and Rwanda by an LC-MS/MS-based multi-toxin method. J-Stage: Aspergillus oryzae laeA Regulates Kojic Acid Synthesis Genes J-Stage: A Novel Synthesized Tyrosinase Inhibitor: (E)-2-((2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)diazenyl)phenyl 4-Methylbenzenesulfonate as an Azo-Resveratrol Analog PubMed: A tyrosinase inhibitor from Aspergillus niger. PubMed: Vitis amurensis Ruprecht root inhibited α-melanocyte stimulating hormone-induced melanogenesis in B16F10 cells. PubMed: Characterization of polyphenol oxidase activity in Ataulfo mango. PubMed: Anti-tyrosinase, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of novel 5-hydroxy-4-acetyl-2,3-dihydronaphtho[1,2-b]furans. PubMed: Purification and partial biochemical characterization of polyphenol oxidase from mango (Mangifera indica cv. Manila). PubMed: Identification of bioactive metabolites dihydrocanadensolide, Kojic acid, and vanillic acid in soy sauce using GC-MS, NMR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. PubMed: Differentiation of manuka honey from kanuka honey and from jelly bush honey using HS-SPME-GC/MS and UHPLC-PDA-MS/MS. PubMed: Aspergillus oryzae-based cell factory for direct kojic acid production from cellulose. PubMed: Non-invasive detection of aflatoxin-contaminated figs using fluorescence and multispectral imaging. PubMed: (5-Hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl)methyl 6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylate, a kojic acid derivative, inhibits inflammatory mediator production via the suppression of Syk/Src and NF-κB activation. PubMed: Solvent-free lipase-catalyzed synthesis of a novel hydroxyl-fatty acid derivative of kojic acid. PubMed: Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of kojic acid grafted chitosan oligosaccharide. PubMed: Cooccurrence of mycotoxins in maize and poultry feeds from Brazil by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. PubMed: Antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of flavonoids from Trifolium nigrescens Subsp. petrisavi. PubMed: Purification and characterization of polyphenol oxidase from jackfruit ( Artocarpus heterophyllus ) bulbs. PubMed: A chiral ligand exchange CE system for monitoring inhibitory effect of kojic acid on tyrosinase. PubMed: The antibrowning agent sulfite inactivates Agaricus bisporus tyrosinase through covalent modification of the copper-B site. PubMed: A survey of mycotoxins in domestic rice in Iran by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. PubMed: Immobilized capillary tyrosinase microreactor for inhibitor screening in natural extracts by capillary electrophoresis. PubMed: Design and synthesis of hydroxypyridinone-L-phenylalanine conjugates as potential tyrosinase inhibitors. PubMed: Development and validation of a fast chromatographic method for screening and quantification of legal and illegal skin whitening agents. PubMed: Purification and characterisation of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) from eggplant (Solanum melongena). PubMed: Inhibitory effects of geranic acid derivatives on melanin biosynthesis. PubMed: Enhancement of commercial antifungal agents by Kojic Acid. PubMed: [Determination of kojic acid in foods using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. PubMed: Tyrosinase inhibition constituents from the roots of Morus australis. PubMed: Classification and characterization of manuka honeys based on phenolic compounds and methylglyoxal. PubMed: Effects of koji fermented phenolic compounds on the oxidative stability of fish miso. PubMed: Kojic acid-amino acid amide metal complexes and their melanogenesis inhibitory activities. PubMed: Two new aflatoxin producing species, and an overview of Aspergillus section Flavi. PubMed: Phenolic tyrosinase inhibitors from the stems of Cudrania cochinchinensis. PubMed: Rapid screening of enzyme inhibitors using profiling of enzyme-metabolite assay by HPLC (PREMA-HPLC). PubMed: Final report of the safety assessment of Kojic acid as used in cosmetics. PubMed: Non-genotoxic mode of action and possible threshold for hepatocarcinogenicity of Kojic acid in F344 rats. PubMed: First structures of an active bacterial tyrosinase reveal copper plasticity. PubMed: Isolation and identification of radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibition of polyphenols from Tibouchina semidecandra L. PubMed: Tyrosinase inhibitory constituents from the roots of Morus nigra: a structure-activity relationship study. PubMed: Chemical components and tyrosinase inhibitors from the twigs of Artocarpus heterophyllus. PubMed: A 55-week chronic toxicity study of dietary administered kojic acid (KA) in male F344 rats. PubMed: Inhibitory effect of phlorotannins isolated from Ecklonia cava on mushroom tyrosinase activity and melanin formation in mouse B16F10 melanoma cells. PubMed: Determination of kojic acid based on the interface enhancement effects of carbon nanotube/alizarin red S modified electrode. PubMed: Isolation of tyrosinase inhibitors from Artocarpus heterophyllus and use of its extract as antibrowning agent. PubMed: Inhibitory effects of cinnamic acid on melanin biosynthesis in skin. PubMed: Mycotoxins in botanicals and dried fruits: a review. PubMed: Inhibitory effects of kurarinol, kuraridinol, and trifolirhizin from Sophora flavescens on tyrosinase and melanin synthesis. PubMed: Comparison of bipyridyl, maltol and kojic acid action as organic vanadium ligands on activity of galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.38), some physiological parameters and ultrastructure of Golgi complexes in rat hepatocytes. PubMed: A review of studies and measures to improve the mycotoxicological safety of traditional Japanese mold-fermented foods. PubMed: Toxicogenomics of kojic acid on gene expression profiling of a375 human malignant melanoma cells. PubMed: Hen egg white lysozyme as an inhibitor of mushroom tyrosinase. PubMed: Examination of 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose and the enolone ascopyrone P, metabolites of the anhydrofructose pathway of glycogen and starch degradation, for their possible application in fruits, vegetables, and beverages as antibrowning agents. PubMed: Procyanidin trimers to pentamers fractionated from apple inhibit melanogenesis in B16 mouse melanoma cells. PubMed: Fungal populations and mycotoxins in silage in Assiut and Sohag governorates in Egypt, with a special reference to characteristic Aspergilli toxins. PubMed: Tyrosinase inhibitors isolated from the edible brown alga Ecklonia stolonifera. PubMed: Morphology and biochemical activity of rat liver golgi complexes after pretreatment with bis(kojato)oxovanadium(IV) or kojic acid alone. PubMed: Emericella venezuelensis, a new species with stellate ascospores producing sterigmatocystin and aflatoxin B1. PubMed: Enhancement of hepatocarcinogenesis by kojic acid in rat two-stage models after initiation with N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine or N-diethylnitrosamine. PubMed: Production of toxic metabolites in Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, and Trichoderma reesei: justification of mycotoxin testing in food grade enzyme preparations derived from the three fungi. PubMed: Tetrapetalone A, a novel lipoxygenase inhibitor from Streptomyces sp. PubMed: An assessment of the genotoxicity and human health risk of topical use of kojic acid [5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one]. PubMed: Hepatocellular tumor induction in heterozygous p53-deficient CBA mice by a 26-week dietary administration of kojic acid. PubMed: Time course study of substrate utilization by Aspergillus flavus in medium simulating corn (Zea mays) kernels. PubMed: Evaluation of health aspects of kojic acid in food. PubMed: Studies on thyroid function in rats subjected to repeated oral administration with kojic acid. PubMed: Kinetic study of oxalic acid inhibition on enzymatic browning. PubMed: Characterization of tyrosinase from the cap flesh of portabella mushrooms. PubMed: Changes in thyroid function during development of thyroid hyperplasia induced by kojic acid in F344 rats. PubMed: Promoting effects of kojic acid due to serum TSH elevation resulting from reduced serum thyroid hormone levels on development of thyroid proliferative lesions in rats initiated with N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine. PubMed: Induction of thyroid tumours in (C57BL/6N x C3H/N)F1 mice by oral administration of kojic acid. PubMed: N-acetyl-L-tyrosine (NAT) as a substrate for mushroom tyrosinase. PubMed: Effect of kojic acid on the oxidation of DL-DOPA, norepinephrine, and dopamine by mushroom tyrosinase. PubMed: Photoinactivation of bacteriophage lambda by kojic acid and Fe(III): role of oxygen radical intermediates in the reaction. PubMed: Photoinduction of strand scissions in DNA by kojic acid: role of transition metal ions and oxygen free radical intermediates in the reaction. PubMed: Mutagenicity studies of kojic acid. PubMed: The individual and combined toxicity of kojic acid and aflatoxin in broiler chickens. PubMed: [Species of Aspergillus mich. molds producing kojic acid in mixed feeds and the role of this mycotoxin in animal pathology]. PubMed: [Mycotoxin formation during the storage of unprocessed freshly harvested corn]. PubMed: Toxigenic fungi isolated from Roquefort cheese. PubMed: Brine shrimp (Artemia salina L.) larvae as a screening system for fungal toxins.