laevo-cystine
L-cystine
Identification
| Name | laevo-cystine |
| CAS Number | 56-89-3 |
| EINECS | 200-296-3 |
| FDA UNII | 48TCX9A1VT |
| Molecular Formula | C6 H12 N2 O4 S2 |
| Molecular Weight | 240.30244000 |
| MDL Number | MFCD00064228 |
| Nikkaji Number | J9.172C |
| Beilstein | 1728094 |
| CoE Number | 11747 |
Regulatory
| DG SANTE Food Flavourings | 17.006 L-cystine |
| FDA Mainterm (SATF) | 56-89-3 ; L-CYSTINE |
| FDA Regulation | FDA PART 172 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION |
Physical Properties
| Appearance | white crystalline powder (est) |
| Assay | 98.00 to 100.00 |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed | No |
| Melting Point | 241.00 to 254.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point | 467.00 to 469.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg |
| Flash Point | 458.00 °F. TCC ( 236.67 °C. ) |
| logP (o/w) | 0.773 (est) |
| Soluble in | alcohol |
Cosmetic Information
| CosIng | cosmetic data |
| Cosmetic Uses | antistatic agents |
No sensory data available
Safety Information
| Preferred SDS | View |
| European information | Most important hazard(s): |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity | oral-rat LD50 [sex: M,F] > 25000 mg/kg |
| Dermal Toxicity | Not determined |
| Inhalation Toxicity | Not determined |
GHS Classification
['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']
Safety in Use
| Category | special dietary and nutritional additives |
| Recommendation for laevo-cystine usage levels up to | not for fragrance use. |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU) | 2.40 (μg/capita/day) |
| Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI) | 23000 (μg/person/day) |
| Threshold of Concern | 1800 (μg/person/day) |
| Structure Class | I |
| Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0) | - |
| Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0) | - |
| Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0) | - |
| Processed fruit (04.1) | - |
| Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2) | - |
| Confectionery (05.0) | - |
| Chewing gum (05.3) | - |
| Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0) | - |
| Bakery wares (07.0) | - |
| Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0) | - |
| Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0) | - |
| Eggs and egg products (10.0) | - |
| Sweeteners, including honey (11.0) | - |
| Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0) | - |
| Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0) | - |
| Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1) | 70.00000 |
| Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2) | - |
| Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0) | - |
| Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0) | - |
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Potential Uses
Natural Occurrence
Synonyms
L-
alanine, 3,3'-dithiobis-
(2R)-2-
amino-3-[(2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl]disulfanylpropanoic acid
(2R)-2-
amino-3-{[(2R)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]disulfanyl}propanoic acid
cysteine disulfide
L-
cystine
L-(-)-
cystine
L-
cystine (9CI)
cystine (L)-
dicysteine
(2R,2'R)-3,3'-
disulfanediylbis(2-aminopropanoic acid)
(R-(R*,R*))-3,3'-
dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid)
(R,R)-3,3'-
dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid)
3,3'-
dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid), (R-(R*,R*))-
(R,R)-3,3'-
dithiobis(2-aminopropionic acid)
(R,R)-3,3'-
dithiobis(2-aminopropionicacid)
gelucystine
PubMed:
Heterologous production of methionine-gamma-lyase from Brevibacterium linens in Lactococcus lactis and formation of volatile sulfur compounds.
PubMed:
YtjE from Lactococcus lactis IL1403 Is a C-S lyase with alpha, gamma-elimination activity toward methionine.
PubMed:
The effects of glycine, L-threonine, and L-cystine supplementation to a 9% casein diet on the conversions of L-tryptophan to nicotinamide and to serotonin in rats.
PubMed:
Nonchromatographic speciation of selenium in edible oils using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.
PubMed:
Organoselenium compounds modulate extracellular redox by induction of extracellular cysteine and cell surface thioredoxin reductase.
PubMed:
New insights into the metabolism of organomercury compounds: mercury-containing cysteine S-conjugates are substrates of human glutamine transaminase K and potent inactivators of cystathionine γ-lyase.
PubMed:
Optimized method for determining free L-cysteine in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with the 4-aminosulfonyl-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole conversion reagent.
PubMed:
Heterologous production of methionine-gamma-lyase from Brevibacterium linens in Lactococcus lactis and formation of volatile sulfur compounds.
PubMed:
[Fermentation and polysaccharide antioxidative activity of a Libertella strain].
PubMed:
Advances in protein-amino acid nutrition of poultry.
PubMed:
Sulfite-radical anions in isolated soy proteins.
PubMed:
Antioxidant impacts on volatile formation in high-pressure-processed milk.
PubMed:
Adsorption of pesticides from water by functionalized organobentonites.
PubMed:
Alternative anaerobic enrichments to the bacteriological analytical manual culture method for isolation of Shigella sonnei from selected types of fresh produce.
PubMed:
Renal response to lithogenic and anti-lithogenic supplement challenges in a stone-free population group.
PubMed:
Sulfur amino acid deficiency depresses brain glutathione concentration.
PubMed:
Biochemical characterization of cystine lyase from broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica).
PubMed:
Fas ligand induction in human NK cells is regulated by redox through a calcineurin-nuclear factors of activated T cell-dependent pathway.
PubMed:
Purification and characterization of cystathionine gamma-lyase from Lactobacillus fermentum DT41.
PubMed:
Plasma arginine-vasotocin and hydroosmotic status of the terrestrial pit viper Bothrops jararaca.
PubMed:
Control of cell cycle progression in human natural killer cells through redox regulation of expression and phosphorylation of retinoblastoma gene product protein.
PubMed:
Components of the AIN-93 diets as improvements in the AIN-76A diet.
PubMed:
Sulfur amino acid requirement and cystine replacement value of broiler chicks during the period three to six weeks posthatching.
PubMed:
Supplemental dietary cystine elevates kidney metallothionein in rats by a mechanism involving altered zinc metabolism.
PubMed:
Rats fed a low protein diet supplemented with sulfur amino acids have increased cysteine dioxygenase activity and increased taurine production in hepatocytes.
PubMed:
Requirement of thiol compounds as reducing agents for IL-2-mediated induction of LAK activity and proliferation of human NK cells.
PubMed:
Bioavailable level and source of cysteine determine protein quality of a commercial enteral product: adequacy of tryptophan but deficiency of cysteine for rats fed an enteral product prepared fresh or stored beyond shelf life.
PubMed:
Efficiency of dietary methionine utilization by young pigs.
PubMed:
The C-S lyases of higher plants: homogeneous beta-cystathionase of spinach leaves.
PubMed:
A resuscitation/selection system for rapid determination of Salmonella in foods.
PubMed:
The C-S Lyases of Higher Plants : Isolation and Properties of Homogeneous Cystine Lyase from Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var botrytis) Buds.
PubMed:
The utilization and safety of isomeric sulfur-containing amino acids in mice.
PubMed:
Methionine, cystine, sodium sulfate, and Fermacto-500 supplementation of practical-type diets for young turkeys.
PubMed:
The choline-methionine interrelationship for growth of the chick.
PubMed:
The ineffectiveness of supplementary cystine in legume-based rat diets.
PubMed:
Growth and liver enzyme response in growing rats to graded levels of methionine plus cystine in fortified-barley diets. Response at constant methionine:cystine.
PubMed:
Inactivation of phosphoenolypyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) by liver extracts.