laevo-isoleucine
(2S,3S)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid
Identification
| Name | laevo-isoleucine |
| CAS Number | 73-32-5 |
| EINECS | 200-798-2 |
| FDA UNII | 04Y7590D77 |
| Molecular Formula | C6 H13 N O2 |
| Molecular Weight | 131.17501000 |
| MDL Number | MFCD00064222 |
| Nikkaji Number | J2.818E |
| Beilstein | 1721792 |
| CoE Number | 10482 |
| XlogP3 | -1.70 (est) |
Regulatory
| JECFA Food Flavoring | 2118 L-isoleucine |
| FEMA Number | 4675 |
| FDA | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| FDA Mainterm (SATF) | 73-32-5 ; L-ISOLEUCINE |
| FDA Regulation | FDA PART 172 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION |
Physical Properties
| Appearance | white powder (est) |
| Assay | 99.00 to 100.00 |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed | Yes |
| Melting Point | 287.00 to 288.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point | 225.77 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est) |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.031000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Flash Point | 194.00 °F. TCC ( 90.00 °C. ) |
| logP (o/w) | 0.799 (est) |
| Soluble in | water, 2.191e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Cosmetic Information
| CosIng | cosmetic data |
| Cosmetic Uses | antistatic agents |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Strength | none |
| Odor Description | odorless |
Safety Information
| Preferred SDS | View |
| European information | Most important hazard(s): |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity | intraperitoneal-rat LD50 6822 mg/kg |
| Dermal Toxicity | Not determined |
| Inhalation Toxicity | Not determined |
GHS Classification
['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']
Safety in Use
| Category | special dietary and nutritional additives |
| Recommendation for laevo-isoleucine usage levels up to | not for fragrance use. |
| baked goods | 50.00000 |
| beverages(nonalcoholic) | 200.00000 |
| beverages(alcoholic) | 50.00000 |
| breakfast cereal | 50.00000 |
| cheese | - |
| chewing gum | - |
| condiments / relishes | - |
| confectionery froastings | - |
| egg products | - |
| fats / oils | - |
| fish products | - |
| frozen dairy | - |
| fruit ices | - |
| gelatins / puddings | - |
| granulated sugar | - |
| gravies | - |
| hard candy | - |
| imitation dairy | - |
| instant coffee / tea | - |
| jams / jellies | - |
| meat products | 50.00000 |
| milk products | 50.00000 |
| nut products | - |
| other grains | - |
| poultry | - |
| processed fruits | - |
| processed vegetables | - |
| reconstituted vegetables | - |
| seasonings / flavors | - |
| snack foods | - |
| soft candy | - |
| soups | 50.00000 |
| sugar substitutes | - |
| sweet sauces | - |
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Potential Uses
Natural Occurrence
Synonyms
ajipure isoleucine
(2S,3S)-2-
amino-3-methyl pentanoic acid
(2S,3S)-2-
amino-3-methyl-pentanoic acid
(2S,3S)-2-
amino-3-methylpentanoic acid
[S-(R*,R*)]-2-
amino-3-methylpentanoic acid
(2S,3S)-a-
amino-b-methyl-N-valeric acid
(2S,3S)-a-
amino-b-methylvaleric acid
(2S,3S)-alpha-
amino-beta-merthyl valeric acid
(2S,3S)-alpha-
amino-beta-methyl-N-valeric acid
L-iso
leucin
(S,S)-iso
leucine
(S)-iso
leucine
2S,3S-iso
leucine
L-iso
leucine
L-iso
leucine FCC; USP
L-iso
leucine natural
iso
leucine, L-
pentanoic acid, 2-amino-3-methyl-, (2S,3S)-
PubMed:
Effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed on bone mechanical properties in rats.
Leffingwell & Associates:
Flavor Properties of FEMA GRAS List 25 flavor chemicals
PubMed:
ZnCl2-mediated practical protocol for the synthesis of Amadori ketoses.
PubMed:
Gustatory responsiveness to the 20 proteinogenic amino acids in the spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi).
PubMed:
Hydrolysis of wheat gluten by combining peptidases of Flammulina velutipes and electrodialysis.
PubMed:
Expression of NAD(H) kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase improve NADPH supply and L-isoleucine biosynthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum ssp. lactofermentum.
PubMed:
L-Leucine and L-isoleucine enhance growth of BBN-induced urothelial tumors in the rat bladder by modulating expression of amino acid transporters and tumorigenesis-associated genes.
PubMed:
A dipeptide and an amino acid present in whey protein hydrolysate increase translocation of GLUT-4 to the plasma membrane in Wistar rats.
PubMed:
Increasing l-isoleucine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum by overexpressing global regulator Lrp and two-component export system BrnFE.
PubMed:
[Overexpression of Corynebacterium glutamicum NAD kinase improves L-isoleucine biosynthesis].
PubMed:
Zn(2+) and L-isoleucine induce the expressions of porcine β-defensins in IPEC-J2 cells.
PubMed:
Long-term treatment with L-isoleucine or L-leucine in AIN-93G diet has promoting effects on rat bladder carcinogenesis.
PubMed:
Co-expression of feedback-resistant threonine dehydratase and acetohydroxy acid synthase increase L-isoleucine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum.
PubMed:
Overexpression of NAD kinases improves the L-isoleucine biosynthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum ssp. lactofermentum.
PubMed:
Purification and structure analysis of mycolic acids in Corynebacterium glutamicum.
PubMed:
Leucine is essential for attenuating fetal growth restriction caused by a protein-restricted diet in rats.
PubMed:
Gelatin enhances 2-keto-L-gulonic acid production based on Ketogulonigenium vulgare genome annotation.
PubMed:
Metabolic pathways and fermentative production of L-aspartate family amino acids.
PubMed:
Heating improves poor compliance with branched chain amino acid-rich supplementation in patients with liver cirrhosis: A before-after pilot study.
PubMed:
Inhibitory effect of aroma on the bitterness of branched-chain amino acid solutions.
PubMed:
Pathway analysis of branched-chain ester biosynthesis in apple using deuterium labeling and enantioselective gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PubMed:
Sequence diversity of the peptaibol antibiotic suzukacillin-A from the mold Trichoderma viride.
PubMed:
Effect of individual amino acids and glucose on activation and germination of Rhizopus oligosporus sporangiospores in tempe starter.
PubMed:
Lack of carcinogenicity of L-isoleucine in F344/DuCrj rats.
PubMed:
Clinical comparison of branched-chain amino acid (l-Leucine, l-Isoleucine, l-Valine) granules and oral nutrition for hepatic insufficiency in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis (LIV-EN study).
PubMed:
Suppression of the bitterness of enteral nutrients using increased particle sizes of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and various flavours: a taste sensor study.
PubMed:
Industrial production of amino acids by coryneform bacteria.
PubMed:
Biosynthesis of strawberry aroma compounds through amino acid metabolism.
PubMed:
Effects of copper and zinc on growth, feeding and oxygen consumption of Farfantepenaeus paulensis postlarvae (Decapoda: Penaeidae).
PubMed:
Olfactory discrimination of amino acids in brown bullhead catfish.
PubMed:
Response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to supplements of individual essential amino acids in a semipurified diet, including an estimate of the maintenance requirement for essential amino acids.
PubMed:
Subchronic toxicity study of L-isoleucine in F344 rats.
PubMed:
Timing and dose of amino acids injected into prepyriform cortex influence food intake.
PubMed:
Performance and nutrient balance in growing swine fed low-protein diets supplemented with amino acids and potassium.
PubMed:
Methylmalonic acid concentrations in serum of normal subjects: biological variability and effect of oral L-isoleucine loads before and after intramuscular administration of cobalamin.
PubMed:
Effects of valine on 15N incorporation into serum and tissue protein and non-protein fractions following 15N-L-leucine administration to normal and liver-injured rats.
PubMed:
Comparative effects of individual amino acid excesses when added to a corn-soybean meal diet: effects on growth and dietary choice in the chick.
PubMed:
The inducer of the feeding response in Penaeus paulensis (Crustacea-Decapoda).
PubMed:
Production of oxytetracycline by Streptomyces rimosus 12,907 as an animal feed supplement.