laevo-tryptophan

1H-indole-3-propanoic acid, a-amino-, (S)-

CAS: 73-22-3 C11 H12 N2 O2 MW: 204.22904000

Identification

Namelaevo-tryptophan
CAS Number73-22-3
EINECS200-795-6
FDA UNII8DUH1N11BX
Molecular FormulaC11 H12 N2 O2
Molecular Weight204.22904000
MDL NumberMFCD00064340
Nikkaji NumberJ9.181B
Beilstein0086197
XlogP3-1.10 (est)

Regulatory

FDA Mainterm (SATF)73-22-3 ; L-TRYPTOPHAN
FDA RegulationFDA PART 172 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION

Physical Properties

Appearance pale yellow to yellow crystalline powder (est)
Assay 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed No
Melting Point 284.00 to 287.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point 447.00 to 450.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Flash Point 435.00 °F. TCC ( 223.89 °C. )
logP (o/w) 0.704 (est)
Soluble in water, 2848 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

Cosmetic Information

CosIngcosmetic data
Cosmetic Usesantistatic agents

No sensory data available

Safety Information

European informationMost important hazard(s):
Oral/Parenteral Toxicityintraperitoneal-mouse LD50 4800 mg/kg
Dermal ToxicityNot determined
Inhalation ToxicityNot determined

GHS Classification

['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']

Safety in Use

Categoryspecial dietary and nutritional additives
Recommendation for laevo-tryptophan usage levels up tonot for fragrance use.
Recommendation for laevo-tryptophan flavor usage levels up tonot for flavor use.

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Potential Uses

antistatic agents

Natural Occurrence

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Synonyms

(S)-a- amino-1H-indole-3-propanoic acid (S)-alpha- amino-1H-indole-3-propanoic acid (S)-2- amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-propionic acid (2S)-2- amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid (S)-2- amino-3-(3-indolyl)propionic acid laevo-alpha- amino-3-indole propionic acid L-a- amino-3-indolepropionic acid L-alpha- amino-3-indolepropionic acid (S)-alpha- aminoindole-3-propionic acid L-a- aminoindole-3-propionic acid (2S)-2- azaniumyl-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate (S)-1H- indole-3-alanine 1H- indole-3-alanine, (S)- 1H- indole-3-propanoic acid, a-amino-, (S)- 1-beta-3- indolylalanine L-b-3- indolylalanine (L)- tryptophan (S)- tryptophan L- tryptophan L- tryptophan produced by escherichia coli CGMCC 7.59 tryptophan, L- L- trytophan L- typtophan PubMed: Amino acids and peptides activate at least five members of the human bitter taste receptor family. J-Stage: Role of Tryptophan Residues in a Class V Chitinase from Nicotiana tabacum J-Stage: The Urinary Excretory Ratio of Nicotinamide Catabolites Was Associated with the Conversion Ratio of Tryptophan to Nicotinamide in Growing Rats Fed a Niacin-Free 20% Casein Diet J-Stage: Post-Translational Isoprenylation of Tryptophan J-Stage: Increased Conversion of Tryptophan to Nicotinamide in Rats by Dietary Valproate PubMed: New bitter-masking compounds: hydroxylated benzoic acid amides of aromatic amines as structural analogues of homoeriodictyol. PubMed: Biotechnological production of amino acids and derivatives: current status and prospects. PubMed: New insight into oseophageal injury and protection in physiologically relevant animal models. PubMed: ZnCl2-mediated practical protocol for the synthesis of Amadori ketoses. PubMed: Mutational and crystallographic analysis of l-amino acid oxidase/monooxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. AIU 813: Interconversion between oxidase and monooxygenase activities. PubMed: Simultaneous detection of stable isotope-labeled and unlabeled L-tryptophan and of its main metabolites, L-kynurenine, serotonin and quinolinic acid, by gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. PubMed: A Case of Abrin Toxin Poisoning, Confirmed via Quantitation of L-Abrine (N-Methyl-L-Tryptophan) Biomarker. PubMed: The effects of glycine, L-threonine, and L-cystine supplementation to a 9% casein diet on the conversions of L-tryptophan to nicotinamide and to serotonin in rats. PubMed: Pantothenic acid deficiency may increase the urinary excretion of 2-oxo acids and nicotinamide catabolites in rats. PubMed: Cane molasses as a source of precursors in the bioproduction of tryptophan by Bacillus subtilis. PubMed: Analysis of indole compounds in methanolic extracts from the fruiting bodies of Cantharellus cibarius (the Chanterelle) and from the mycelium of this species cultured in vitro. PubMed: Biochemical and physiological changes in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum L.) leaves during storage under modified atmosphere packaging. PubMed: Autistic-like behavioural and neurochemical changes in a mouse model of food allergy. PubMed: Impact of addition of aromatic amino acids on non-volatile and volatile compounds in lychee wine fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae MERIT.ferm. PubMed: Development of a minimal chemically defined medium for Ketogulonicigenium vulgare WSH001 based on its genome-scale metabolic model. PubMed: Inhibition of Orobanche crenata seed germination and radicle growth by allelochemicals identified in cereals. PubMed: Development of indole-3-acetic acid-producing Escherichia coli by functional expression of IpdC, AspC, and Iad1. PubMed: Male-to-female transfer of 5-hydroxytryptophan glucoside during mating in Zygaena filipendulae (Lepidoptera). PubMed: Olfactory transduction pathways in the Senegalese sole Solea senegalensis. PubMed: Identification of bitter compounds in whole wheat bread. PubMed: The niacin required for optimum growth can be synthesized from L-tryptophan in growing mice lacking tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase. PubMed: Multi-walled carbon nanotube modified carbon paste electrode as a sensor for the amperometric detection of L-tryptophan in biological samples. PubMed: Supplementing healthy women with up to 5.0 g/d of L-tryptophan has no adverse effects. PubMed: Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NJN-6-enriched bio-organic fertilizer suppressed Fusarium wilt and promoted the growth of banana plants. PubMed: Long-lasting effect of perinatal exposure to L-tryptophan on circadian clock of primary cell lines established from male offspring born from mothers fed on dietary protein restriction. PubMed: Amino acids and peptides activate at least five members of the human bitter taste receptor family. PubMed: Establishment of true niacin deficiency in quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase knockout mice. PubMed: The metabolites in the tryptophan degradation pathway might be useful to determine the tolerable upper intake level of tryptophan intake in rats. PubMed: Effects of "Bioactive" amino acids leucine, glutamate, arginine and tryptophan on feed intake and mRNA expression of relative neuropeptides in broiler chicks. PubMed: Protective effect of melatonin on acute pancreatitis. PubMed: Dietary supplement drug therapies for depression. PubMed: Enzymatic synthesis oF L-tryptophan from D,L-2-amino-delta2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid and indole by Pseudomonas sp. TS1138 L-2-amino-delta2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid hydrolase, S-carbamyl-L-cysteine amidohydrolase, and Escherichia coli L-tryptophanase. PubMed: [Effect of mufti-gene knockout of L-tryptophan transport system on L-tryptophan production in Escherichia coli]. PubMed: L-Tryptophan prevents Escherichia coli biofilm formation and triggers biofilm degradation. PubMed: One-step of tryptophan attenuator inactivation and promoter swapping to improve the production of L-tryptophan in Escherichia coli. PubMed: Indole compounds in some culinary-medicinal higher basidiomycetes from Poland. PubMed: 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan Suppressed Food Intake in Rats Despite an Increase in the Arcuate NPY Expression. PubMed: L-Tryptophan Production by Auxotrophic and Analogue Resistant Mutants of Aureobacterium flavescens. PubMed: Regulation of blood pressure and glucose metabolism induced by L-tryptophan in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. PubMed: Post-epidemic eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome associated with L-tryptophan. PubMed: Immunological mechanisms to establish embryo tolerance in early bovine pregnancy. PubMed: Development of L-tryptophan production strains by defined genetic modification in Escherichia coli. PubMed: Nutritional and medicinal aspects of D-amino acids. PubMed: Brain-gut axis in the modulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion. PubMed: Liquid chromatography on a monolithic column microfluidic chip coupled with "three-T" sample injection mode and amperometric detection. PubMed: The effect of the combination of reducing and oxidising agents on the viscoelastic properties of dough and sensory characteristics of buns. PubMed: Simultaneous C7- and N1-prenylation of cyclo-L-Trp-L-Trp catalyzed by a prenyltransferase from Aspergillus oryzae. PubMed: Griffonia simplicifolia negatively affects sexual behavior in female rats. PubMed: Effects of an acute alpha-lactalbumin manipulation on mood and food hedonics in high- and low-trait anxiety individuals. PubMed: [Eosinophilia myalgia syndrome (EMS) caused by L-tryptophan product and toxic oil syndrome (TOS) caused by denatured rape-seed oil]. PubMed: Hormonal and metabolic effects of nutrition in athletes. PubMed: Filmy channel microchip with amperometric detection. PubMed: Pig meat quality from entire males. PubMed: l-Tryptophan exhibits therapeutic function in a porcine model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. PubMed: Circadian levels of serotonin in plasma and brain after oral administration of tryptophan in rats. PubMed: [Investigation and application of fluorescence reaction of cerium-L-tryptophan in Triton X-100 microemulsion]. PubMed: New tryptophanase inhibitors: towards prevention of bacterial biofilm formation. PubMed: Generation of quinoneimine intermediates in the bioactivation of 3-(N-phenylamino)alanine (PAA) by human liver microsomes: a potential link between eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome and toxic oil syndrome. PubMed: Natural products isolated from species of Halgerda bergh, 1880 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) and their ecological and evolutionary implications. PubMed: Attenuation of stress-induced anorexia in brown trout (Salmo trutta) by pre-treatment with dietary l-tryptophan. PubMed: Ghrelin and melatonin in the regulation of pancreatic exocrine secretion and maintaining of integrity. PubMed: New bitter-masking compounds: hydroxylated benzoic acid amides of aromatic amines as structural analogues of homoeriodictyol. PubMed: The effect of tryptophan administration on ileum contractility and oxidant status in mice. PubMed: Quantitative analysis of N-phenylpropenoyl-L-amino acids in roasted coffee and cocoa powder by means of a stable isotope dilution assay. PubMed: Effects of supplemental L-tryptophan on serotonin, cortisol, intestinal integrity, and behavior in weanling piglets. PubMed: Alterations in alcohol consumption, withdrawal seizures, and monoamine transmission in rats treated with phentermine and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan. PubMed: Effects of tryptophan depletion on the performance of an iterated Prisoner's Dilemma game in healthy adults. PubMed: A heretofore undisclosed crux of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome: compromised histamine degradation. PubMed: Isolation of mutagenic beta-carboline derivatives after nitrite treatment of maillard reaction mixtures and analysis of these compounds from foodstuffs and human urine. PubMed: [Metabolic flux analysis of L-Tryptophan biosynthesis]. PubMed: Effect of tryptophan depletion on symptoms of motion sickness in migraineurs. PubMed: Orally administered tryptophan and experimental type 2 diabetes. PubMed: Safety of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan. PubMed: 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan suppresses food intake in food-deprived and stressed rats. PubMed: The anorectic effect of increasing doses of L-tryptophan in obese patients. PubMed: Discrimination between arabica and robusta coffee species on the basis of their amino acid enantiomers. PubMed: Systemic 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan down-regulates the arcuate CART mRNA level in rats. PubMed: Antioxidant compounds from the leaves of Peucedanum japonicum thunb. PubMed: L-tryptophan reacts with naturally occurring and food-occurring phenolic aldehydes to give phenolic tetrahydro-beta-carboline alkaloids: activity as antioxidants and free radical scavengers. PubMed: Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a thermostable N-carbamoyl- l-amino acid amidohydrolase from Bacillus kaustophilus CCRC11223. PubMed: Accumulation of anthranilic acid and N-glucosylanthranilic acid by a Corynebacterium glutamicum mutant resistant to DL-serine hydroxamate. PubMed: Enantioselective crystallization of D,L-amino acids induced by spontaneous asymmetric resolution of D,L-asparagine. PubMed: Toxic oil syndrome: the perspective after 20 years. PubMed: Identification and occurrence of the novel alkaloid pentahydroxypentyl-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid as a tryptophan glycoconjugate in fruit juices and jams. PubMed: Antioxidant, cyclooxygenase and topoisomerase inhibitory compounds from Apium graveolens Linn. seeds. PubMed: Laboratory-measured aggressive behavior of women: acute tryptophan depletion and augmentation. PubMed: Lumpidin, a novel biomarker of some ochratoxin a producing penicillia. PubMed: The toxic oil syndrome: 20 years on. PubMed: Changes in nitrogen compounds in must and wine during fermentation and biological aging by flor yeasts. PubMed: Influence of tryptophan supplementation of soy-based infant formulas on protein quality and on blood and brain tryptophan and brain serotonin in the rat model. PubMed: Tryptophan-N-glucoside in fruits and fruit juices. PubMed: Polyphenols, condensed tannins, and other natural products in Onobrychis viciifolia (Sainfoin). PubMed: Reduced plasma leptin concentrations in bulimia nervosa. PubMed: Formation of tetrahydro-beta-carbolines and beta-carbolines during the reaction of L-tryptophan with D-glucose. PubMed: Efficiency of D-tryptophan as Niacin in rats. PubMed: Synthesis and formation of an EMS correlated contaminant in biotechnologically manufactured L-tryptophan. PubMed: Synthesis, formation, and occurrence of contaminants in biotechnologically manufactured L-tryptophan. PubMed: [Substance isolated from the kelp rhizoid identified as L-tryptophan shows high inhibition of breast cancer]. PubMed: Incidence of pecking damage in growing bantams in relation to food form, group size, stocking density, dietary tryptophan concentration and dietary protein source. PubMed: Influence of trait hostility on tryptophan depletion-induced laboratory aggression. PubMed: Are there environmental forms of systemic autoimmune diseases? PubMed: Tryptophan glycoconjugates in food and human urine. PubMed: Liquid concentrates are lower in bioavailable tryptophan than powdered infant formulas, and tryptophan supplementation of formulas increases brain tryptophan and serotonin in rats. PubMed: [L-tryptophan-induced eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, Chinese restaurant syndrome]. PubMed: Occurrence of stereoisomers of 1-(2'-pyrrolidinethione-3'-yl)- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid in fermented radish roots and their different mutagenic properties. PubMed: The effects of tryptophan depletion and loading on laboratory aggression in men: time course and a food-restricted control. PubMed: Rapid HPLC screening method for contaminants found in implicated L-tryptophan associated with eosinophilia myalgia syndrome and adulterated rapeseed oil associated with toxic oil syndrome. PubMed: Serotonin is not synthesized, but specifically transported in the neurons of the hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus. PubMed: Limiting amino acids for a corn and soybean meal diet in weaned calves less than three months of age. PubMed: Use of tryptophanase in the detection of contaminants in EMS related L-tryptophan. PubMed: Changes in vitamin B-6 status indicators of women fed a constant protein diet with varying levels of vitamin B-6. PubMed: Response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to supplements of individual essential amino acids in a semipurified diet, including an estimate of the maintenance requirement for essential amino acids. PubMed: Tryptophan needs of lactating sows fed diets supplemented with crystalline lysine. PubMed: Differences in tryptophan binding to hepatic nuclei of NZBWF1 and Swiss mice: insight into mechanism of tryptophan's effects. PubMed: Contaminants in biotechnologically manufactured L-tryptophan. PubMed: Vitamin B-6 status of women with a constant intake of vitamin B-6 changes with three levels of dietary protein. PubMed: The effects of induced kynurenine pathway on immunocytochemical changes in rat tissues following excessive L-tryptophan consumption. PubMed: Biotransformation of 3-(phenylamino)-1,2-propanediol to 3-(phenylamino)alanine: a chemical link between toxic oil syndrome and eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. PubMed: Distribution of L-tryptophan in normal and glucose - loaded mice. PubMed: 2-Methyl-L-tryptophan is a substrate of tryptophanase. PubMed: Effects of a tryptophan deficient diet on the morphology of skeletal muscle fibers of the rat. Preliminary observations at neuroendocrinological and submicroscopical levels. PubMed: Accumulation of 3-(phenylamino)alanine, a constituent in L-tryptophan products implicated in eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, in blood and organs of the Lewis rats. PubMed: Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome not associated with the ingestion of nutritional supplements. PubMed: An eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome related disorder associated with exposure to L-5-hydroxytryptophan. PubMed: Testmeal responses following m-chlorophenylpiperazine and L-tryptophan in bulimics and controls. PubMed: Tryptophanase from Escherichia coli: catalytic and spectral properties in water-organic solvents. PubMed: High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of 1,1'-ethylidenebis(L-tryptophan) in L-tryptophan preparations. PubMed: Utilization of ileal digestible amino acids by growing pigs: tryptophan. PubMed: Tryptophan photophysics in rabbit skeletal myosin rod. PubMed: Paroxetine: an overview of the efficacy and safety of a new selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in the treatment of depression. PubMed: Supplemental dietary L-tryptophan effects on growth, meat quality, and brain catecholamine and indoleamine concentrations in turkeys. PubMed: Rat liver is not damaged by high dose tryptophan treatment. PubMed: Comparison of liquid chromatographic method to AOAC microbiological method for determination of L-tryptophan in tablets and capsules. PubMed: Bioavailable level and source of cysteine determine protein quality of a commercial enteral product: adequacy of tryptophan but deficiency of cysteine for rats fed an enteral product prepared fresh or stored beyond shelf life. PubMed: L-tryptophan decreases the breaking point under a progressive ratio schedule of intravenous cocaine reinforcement in the rat. PubMed: Pathological and immunological effects of ingesting L-tryptophan and 1,1'-ethylidenebis (L-tryptophan) in Lewis rats. PubMed: Separation and isolation of trace impurities in L-tryptophan by high-performance liquid chromatography. PubMed: Effects of monoamine precursors on food intake in male rats. PubMed: Protection to glycolysis by a combination of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan and 2-aminoethylisothiuronium bromide hydrobromide in lethally irradiated rats. PubMed: [Toxic oil syndrome--an example of an exogenously-induced autoimmune disease]. PubMed: Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome not associated with L-tryptophan. PubMed: Identification of substances formed by decomposition of peak E substance in tryptophan. PubMed: Amino acid supplementation of meat meal in lysine-fortified, corn-based diets for growing-finishing pigs. PubMed: Suppression of ethanol intake in chickens by fenfluramine and dietary tryptophan. PubMed: Influence of subchronic exposure to low dietary deoxynivalenol, a trichothecene mycotoxin, on intestinal absorption of nutrients in mice. PubMed: Insensitivity of the tryptophan-load test to marginal vitamin B-6 intake in rats. PubMed: Toward an understanding of the rationale for the use of dietary supplementation for chronic pain management: the serotonin model. PubMed: Appetite and taste preference in growing rats given various levels of protein nutrition. PubMed: Vitamin B-6 requirements of elderly men and women. PubMed: Genotoxicity studies of the reaction of chlorine or chlorine dioxide with L-tryptophan. PubMed: Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. A clinical case series of 21 patients. New Mexico Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome Study Group. PubMed: Inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylase by food-derived carcinogenic heterocyclic amines, 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole and 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole. PubMed: Inhibition studies on liver arylformamidases of rainbow trout and cattle. PubMed: Effect of chronic dietary treatment with L-tryptophan on the development of cold-induced hypertension in rats. PubMed: Tryptophan supplementation for nocturnal bruxism: report of negative results. PubMed: Analysis of L-tryptophan for the etiology of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome--United States. PubMed: From the Centers for Disease Control. Analysis of L-tryptophan for the etiology of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. PubMed: L-tryptophan puzzle takes new twist. PubMed: Analysis of L-tryptophan for the etiology of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. PubMed: [L-tryptophan and the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome]. PubMed: Amino acid-supplemented raw soybean diets for finishing swine. PubMed: L-tryptophan use and the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. PubMed: Performance and nutrient balance in growing swine fed low-protein diets supplemented with amino acids and potassium. PubMed: [L-tryptophan and the eosinophilic myalgia syndrome]. PubMed: Formation of diastereoisomeric 3a-hydroxypyrroloindoles from a tryptophan residue analog mediated by iron (II)-EDTA and L-ascorbate. PubMed: L-tryptophan and eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome in New Mexico. PubMed: Intravenous cocaine self-administration in rats is reduced by dietary L-tryptophan. PubMed: Stopped-flow chemical modification with N-bromosuccinimide: a good probe for changes in the microenvironment of the Trp 62 residue of chicken egg white lysozyme. PubMed: Treatment of resistant depression. Review on the efficacy of various biological treatments, specifically in major depression resistant to cyclic antidepressants. PubMed: Effect of chronic dietary treatment with L-tryptophan on the maintenance of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PubMed: Production performance of laying hens fed L-tryptophan. PubMed: Nutritional toxicology: on the mechanisms of inhibition of formation of potent carcinogens during cooking. PubMed: Diabetes-related changes in L-tryptophan-induced release of striatal biogenic amines. PubMed: Plasma amino acids and insulin levels in obesity: response to carbohydrate intake and tryptophan supplements. PubMed: Effect of chronic dietary treatment with L-tryptophan on the development of renal hypertension in rats. PubMed: [Effect of L-tryptophan on fasting intestinal motility and intestinal transit time in the human]. PubMed: Messenger RNA levels of plasma proteins in rat liver during protein depletion and refeeding. PubMed: Comparative effects of individual amino acid excesses when added to a corn-soybean meal diet: effects on growth and dietary choice in the chick. PubMed: Reaction of chlorine dioxide with amino acids and peptides: kinetics and mutagenicity studies. PubMed: Some N-acyl-D-amino acid derivatives having antibotulinal properties. PubMed: Effect of excess levels of methionine, tryptophan, arginine, lysine or threonine on growth and dietary choice in the pig. PubMed: Amino acid excesses for young pigs: effects of excess methionine, tryptophan, threonine or leucine. PubMed: Tryptophan rich diet as a new approach to study the serotoninergic enteropancreatic axis. PubMed: Induction of DNA repair in HeLa S3 carcinoma cells by the N-nitroso derivatives of 1-(N-L-tryptophan)-1-deoxy-D-fructose and 1-(5-hydroxytryptamino)-1-deoxy-D-fructose. PubMed: Exocrine pancreatic function in dogs with denervated pancreas. PubMed: Proteins but not amino acids, carbohydrates, or fats stimulate cholecystokinin secretion in the rat. PubMed: Weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and plasma free lysine as response criteria in evaluating supplements of lysine plus threonine and lysine plus tryptophan to deficient diets for rats. PubMed: [Brain metabolism of L. tryptophan and food]. PubMed: Duration of inhibition of 3-methylindole production by monensin. PubMed: L-tryptophan does not increase weight loss in carbohydrate-craving obese subjects. PubMed: Mutagenicity studies on N-nitrosated products of the Maillard browning reaction: N-nitroso-fructose-amino acids. PubMed: L-tryptophan injection fails to alter nutrient selection by rats. PubMed: Duodenal volume and osmoreceptors in the stimulation of human pancreatic secretion. PubMed: Activities of tryptophan-metabolizing enzymes in liver and brain of rats treated with aflatoxins. PubMed: Pituitary hormone release in response to food ingestion: evidence for neuroendocrine signals from gut to brain. PubMed: Mutagenic activity of a nitrosated early Maillard product: DNA synthesis (DNA repair) induced in HeLa S3 carcinoma cells by nitrosated 1-(N-L-tryptophan)-1-deoxy-D-fructose. PubMed: Amino acid-enriched plasteins: a source of limiting amino acids for the weanling rat. PubMed: Effect of L-tryptophan pretreatment on d-amphetamine self administration. PubMed: Threonine imbalance and the threonine requirement of the chicken. PubMed: Intestinal transport of amino acids in protein-deficient rats and the effect of rehabilitation using a casein diet. PubMed: L-Tryptophan's effects on mouse killing, feeding, drinking, locomotion, and brain serotonin. PubMed: Cell culture tumor promotion experiments with saccharin, phorbol myristate acetate and several common food materials. PubMed: Production of oxytetracycline by Streptomyces rimosus 12,907 as an animal feed supplement. PubMed: Hyperphagia following intraventricular p-chlorophenylalanine-, leucine- or tryptophan-methyl esters: lack of correlation with whole brain serotonin levels. PubMed: The effect of L-tryptophan and certain other amino acids on liver nitrosodimethylamine demethylase activity. PubMed: Effects of various periods of food deprivation on serotonin synthesis in the lateral hypothalamus. PubMed: Effects of chronic experimental liver dysfunction and L-tryptophan on behaviour in the rat. PubMed: Nutritional improvement of food proteins by enzymatic modification, especially by plastein synthesis reaction. PubMed: Availability of L-tryptophan. PubMed: Effect of l-tryptophan on diethylnitrosamine and 3'-methyl-4-n-dimethylaminoazobenzene hepatocarcinogenesis. PubMed: Effects on the diet on brain neurotransmitters. PubMed: Effect of cholecystokinin on myoelectric activity of small bowel of the dog. PubMed: An inhibitory role for brain serotonin-containing systems in the locomotor effects of d-amphetamine. PubMed: Alteration of glucose tolerance by dietary L-tryptophan in rats.