lithium chloride

hydrochloric acid lithium salt lithium monochloride lithium;chloride PubMed: Pavlovian discrimination in rats using voluntary exposure to a lithium chloride procedure. PubMed: Orexin-1 receptor antagonist in central nucleus of the amygdala attenuates the acquisition of flavor-taste preference in rats. PubMed: Effects of extended context discrimination training and context extinction on transfer of context dependency of conditioned flavor aversion. PubMed: Conditioned flavor avoidance and conditioned gaping: rat models of conditioned nausea. PubMed: Nonreinforced flavor exposure attenuates the effects of conditioned taste aversion on both flavor consumption and cue palatability. PubMed: Extinction makes conditioning time-dependent. PubMed: Avoidance but not aversion following sensory preconditioning with flavors: a challenge to stimulus substitution. PubMed: Fluid consumption in lithium-treated rats: roles of stimulus novelty and context novelty. PubMed: Do gastrointestinal taste receptors contribute to associative learning and foraging behavior? PubMed: MK-801 induces a low intensity conditioned taste aversion. PubMed: A conditioned aversion study of sucrose and SC45647 taste in TRPM5 knockout mice. PubMed: Reconciling sensory cues and varied consequences of avian repellents. PubMed: Latent inhibition of conditioned disgust reactions in rats. PubMed: Learned avoidance of flavors signaling reduction in a nutrient. PubMed: Ondansetron blocks LiCl-induced conditioned place avoidance but not conditioned taste/flavor avoidance in rats. PubMed: Sensory-specific associations in flavor-preference reversal learning. PubMed: Factors determining the effects of associative activation on habituation. PubMed: Lipopolysaccharide dose dependently impairs rapid toxin (LiCl)-induced gustatory conditioning: a taste reactivity examination of the conditioned taste aversion. PubMed: Food color, flavor, and conditioned avoidance among red-winged blackbirds. PubMed: Experimental dissociation of neural circuits underlying conditioned avoidance and hypophagic responses to lithium chloride. PubMed: Comparison of nutritive and nonnutritive stimuli in intestinal and oral conditioned taste aversion paradigms. PubMed: Interactions between prenatal ethanol exposure and postnatal learning about ethanol in rat pups. PubMed: Effect of conditioning method and testing method on strength of lithium-induced taste aversion learning. PubMed: Unconditioned stimulus devaluation effects in nutrient-conditioned flavor preferences. PubMed: Episodic-like memory in the rat. PubMed: The role of habituation of the response to LiCl in the US-preexposure effect. PubMed: The contribution of latent inhibition to reduced generalization after pre-exposure to the test stimulus. PubMed: Excitotoxic lesions of the entorhinal cortex leave gustatory within-event learning intact. PubMed: Selective and nonselective serotonin antagonists block the aversive stimulus properties of MK212 and m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) in mice. PubMed: Effect of low body temperature on associative interference in conditioned taste aversion. PubMed: An extended comparator hypothesis account of superconditioning. PubMed: Odor of taste stimuli in conditioned "taste" aversion learning. PubMed: Flavor aversion learning induced by lithium chloride in reptiles but not in amphibians. PubMed: Effects of context exposure during conditioning on conditioned taste aversions. PubMed: The US-preexposure effect in lithium-induced flavor-aversion conditioning is a consequence of blocking by injection cues. PubMed: Lateral parabrachial lesions impair lithium chloride-induced aversive responses but not saccharin-induced flavor preference. PubMed: LiCl-induced flavor avoidance compared between rats and mice using a nondeprivation protocol. PubMed: Simmondsin: effects on meal patterns and choice behavior in rats. PubMed: Assessment of the aversive consequences of acute and chronic administration of the melanocortin agonist, MTII. PubMed: Postinjection suppression of drinking is modified by the presence of conditioned contextual cues: implications for both anticipatory and posttreatment nausea in humans. PubMed: Flavor avoidance induced by LiCl and dexfenfluramine in rats and mice using nondeprivation protocols. PubMed: Low body temperature, time dilation, and long-trace conditioned flavor aversion in rats. PubMed: Area postrema lesions impair flavor-toxin aversion learning but not flavor-nutrient preference learning. PubMed: Cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive component of cannabis and its synthetic dimethylheptyl homolog suppress nausea in an experimental model with rats. PubMed: Conditioning tastant and the acquisition of conditioned taste avoidance to drugs of abuse in DBA/2J mice. PubMed: Impaired conditioned taste aversion learning in spinophilin knockout mice. PubMed: Parabrachial nucleus lesions block taste and attenuate flavor preference and aversion conditioning in rats. PubMed: Conditioned flavor preference and aversion: role of the lateral hypothalamus. PubMed: Lithium-induced context aversion in rats as a model of anticipatory nausea in humans. PubMed: Demonstration of a socially transmitted flavor aversion in rats? Kuan and Colwill (1997) revisited. PubMed: Sex differences in conditioned taste aversion and in the effects of exposure to a specific pulsed magnetic field in deer mice Peromyscus maniculatus. PubMed: Roles of novelty, generalization, and postingestive feedback in the recognition of foods by lambs. PubMed: Lateral parabrachial nucleus lesions in the rat: aversive and appetitive gustatory conditioning. PubMed: Orosensory factors in the ingestion of corn oil/sucrose mixtures by the rat. PubMed: Low body temperature affects associative processes in long-trace conditioned flavor aversion. PubMed: Illness-induced context aversion learning in rats with lesions of the dorsal hippocampus. PubMed: Role of glutamate in the amygdala and lateral hypothalamus in conditioned taste aversion. PubMed: Ibotenic acid lesions of the parabrachial nucleus and conditioned taste aversion: further evidence for an associative deficit in rats. PubMed: The NMDA-receptor antagonist ketamine as an unconditioned stimulus in taste aversion learning. PubMed: Taste aversion learning in fyn mutant mice. PubMed: Carbohydrate-conditioned odor preferences in rats. PubMed: The intensity of a fetal taste aversion is modulated by the anesthesia used during conditioning. PubMed: Morphine-induced taste avoidance is attenuated with multiple conditioning trials. PubMed: Rewarding drugs produce taste avoidance, but not taste aversion. PubMed: Sucrose and fructose have qualitatively different flavors to rats. PubMed: Antiemetic drugs attenuate food aversions in sheep. PubMed: Reduced generalization following preexposure: latent inhibition of common elements or a difference in familiarity? PubMed: How goats learn to distinguish between novel foods that differ in postingestive consequences. PubMed: Mimetic behavior of rats in flavor aversion learning. PubMed: The effect of flavor concentration and toxin dose on the formation and generalization of flavor aversions in lambs. PubMed: Parabrachial nucleus lesions and conditioned taste aversion: evidence supporting an associative deficit. PubMed: How herbivores track variable environments: Response to variability of phytotoxins. PubMed: Morphine acts in the parabrachial nucleus, a pontine viscerosensory relay, to produce discriminative stimulus effects. PubMed: Ambient temperature effects on taste aversion conditioned by ethanol: contribution of ethanol-induced hypothermia. PubMed: Is starch flavor unitary? Evidence from studies of cooked starch. PubMed: Effects of acute swim stress on LiCl-induced conditioned taste aversions. PubMed: Both conditioned taste preference and aversion induced by corticotropin-releasing factor. PubMed: Social feeding reverses learned flavor aversions in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta). PubMed: Memory for conditioned taste aversions is diminished by transcranial magnetic stimulation. PubMed: Element preexposure, neophobia, and conditioned aversion to a compound flavor stimulus. PubMed: Is blockade of conditioned flavor aversions by chlorpheniramine the result of state dependency? PubMed: A flavor paired with lithium chloride blocks the formation of a pentobarbital-lithium chloride association. PubMed: Conditional immunomodulation following training with cyclophosphamide. PubMed: Conditioned taste aversion to injected flavor: differential effect of anesthesia on the formation of the gustatory trace and on its association with poisoning in rats. PubMed: Effects of flavor salience on aversion performance following relatively long-delay backward conditioning procedures. PubMed: Odor and taste aversions conditioned in anesthetized rats. PubMed: Responsivity to pain in rats changed by the ingestion of flavored water. PubMed: Role of temporal order and odor intensity in taste-potentiated odor aversions. PubMed: Effects of learned flavor avoidance on grooming behavior in rats. PubMed: Avfail in color avoidance learning by starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus). PubMed: Effects of preexposure flavor concentration on conditioned aversion and neophobia. PubMed: Sham feeding, flavor associations and diet self-selection as indicators of feeding satiety or aversive effects of peptide hormones. PubMed: Formation of associations of colored and flavored food with induced sickness in five avian species. PubMed: Spontaneous configuring in conditioned flavor aversion. PubMed: Interfering with taste aversion learning in rats: the role of associative interference. PubMed: The role of new flavors in the aquisition of odor aversion. PubMed: Learned food aversions in the progression of cancer and its treatment. PubMed: Potentiation and overshadowing in preweanling and adult rats. PubMed: A specialization of taste aversion learning during suckling and its weaning-associated transformation. PubMed: Ingestion of a novel flavor before exposure to pups injected with lithium chloride produces a taste aversion in mother rats (Rattus norvegicus). PubMed: Disparity between formation of conditioned flavor aversions and neophobia during grooming in rats and mice. PubMed: Stimulus generalization of conditioned taste aversion in rats. PubMed: The effect of electroconvulsive shock on the attenuation of taste-aversion conditioning produced by flavor preexposure. PubMed: Potentiation of a conditioned taste aversion in preweanling and adult rats. PubMed: Developmental flavor experience affects utilization of odor, not taste in toxiphobic conditioning. PubMed: Effect of pairings of pentobarbital with lithium chloride on the capacity of pentobarbital to maintain a conditioned aversion. PubMed: The effect of CS-preexposure on conditioned taste aversion in young and adult rats. PubMed: Flavor-illness aversions: potentiation of odor by taste is disrupted by application of novocaine into amygdala. PubMed: Attenuation of pentobarbital-elicited hypothermia in rats with a history of pentobarbital-LiCl pairings. PubMed: Pavlovian conditioning with ethanol and lithium: effects on heart rate and taste aversion in rats. PubMed: Flavor-toxicosis associations: tests of three hypotheses of long delay learning. PubMed: Long-delay associations between drug states produced in rats by injecting two drugs in sequence. PubMed: Flavor-illness aversions: gustatory neocortex ablations disrupt taste but not taste-potentiated odor cues. PubMed: Flavor-illness aversions: potentiation of odor by taste with toxin but not shock in rats. PubMed: Pre-exposure to flavor and conditioned taste aversion: amphetamine and lithium reinforcers. PubMed: Drug states as discriminative stimuli in a flavor-aversion learning experiment. PubMed: Taste aversion following backward conditioning procedures in preweanling and adult rats. PubMed: Rapid communication recuperation from lithium-induced illness: flavor enhancement for rats. PubMed: Simultaneous and successive associations in sensory preconditioning. PubMed: Potentiation rather than overshadowing in flavor-aversion learning: an analysis in terms of within-compound associations. PubMed: Flavor preexposures in a conditioned taste aversion situation: a dissociation of behavioral and endocrine effects in rats. PubMed: Effects of number of pre-exposures on sucrose taste aversion in weanling rats. PubMed: Enhancing the expression of flavor neophobia: some effects of the ingestion-illness contingency. PubMed: Taste aversions to food flavors and vaginal secretion in golden hamsters. PubMed: Effect of preconditioning unconditioned stimulus experience on learned taste aversions.