picrotoxin
picrotin, compound with picrotoxinin (1:1)
Identification
| Name | picrotoxin |
| CAS Number | 124-87-8 |
| EINECS | 204-716-6 |
| FDA UNII | ZLT174DL7U |
| Molecular Formula | C30 H34 O13 |
| Molecular Weight | 602.59058000 |
| MDL Number | MFCD00074824 |
| Beilstein | 3894406 |
Regulatory
Physical Properties
| Appearance | colorless crystals (est) |
| Assay | 95.00 to 100.00 |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed | No |
| Melting Point | 200.00 to 202.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg |
| Flash Point | 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est) |
| Soluble in | water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
No sensory data available
Safety Information
| Preferred SDS | View |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity | Not determined |
| Dermal Toxicity | Not determined |
| Inhalation Toxicity | Not determined |
GHS Classification
['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']
Safety in Use
| Category | natural substances and extractives |
| Recommendation for picrotoxin usage levels up to | not for fragrance use. |
| Recommendation for picrotoxin flavor usage levels up to | not for flavor use. |
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Potential Uses
Natural Occurrence
Synonyms
picrotin, compound with picrotoxinin (1:1)
picrotoxinin - picrotin
picrotoxinin, compd. with picrotin (1:1)
picrotoxinum
PubMed:
Infralimbic cortex controls core body temperature in a histamine dependent manner.
PubMed:
Linking γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor to epidermal growth factor receptor pathways activation in human prostate cancer.
PubMed:
The role of glutamatergic and GABAergic systems on serotonin- induced feeding behavior in chicken.
PubMed:
p-Coumaric acid activates the GABA-A receptor in vitro and is orally anxiolytic in vivo.
PubMed:
A bitter-sweet tale from the land of milk and honey.
PubMed:
Ethanol-mediated facilitation of AMPA receptor function in the dorsomedial striatum: implications for alcohol drinking behavior.
PubMed:
Neuropeptide Y-induced feeding is dependent on GABAA receptors in neonatal chicks.
PubMed:
Inhibition of deprivation-induced food intake by GABA(A) antagonists: roles of the hypothalamic, endocrine and alimentary mechanisms.
PubMed:
The role of GABAergic system on the inhibitory effect of ghrelin on food intake in neonatal chicks.
PubMed:
Fasting activation of AgRP neurons requires NMDA receptors and involves spinogenesis and increased excitatory tone.
PubMed:
Depressive effects on the central nervous system and underlying mechanism of the enzymatic extract and its phlorotannin-rich fraction from Ecklonia cava edible brown seaweed.
PubMed:
Anticonvulsant activity of ethanol leaf extract of Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv (Bignoniaceae).
PubMed:
Odor-evoked neural oscillations in Drosophila are mediated by widely branching interneurons.
PubMed:
The tuberal lateral hypothalamus is a major target for GABAA--but not GABAB-mediated control of food intake.
PubMed:
GABA(A) receptors in the lateral hypothalamus as mediators of satiety and body weight regulation.
PubMed:
Stability of picrotoxin during yogurt manufacture and storage.
PubMed:
A substance in broad beans (Vicia faba) is protective against experimentally induced convulsions in mice.
PubMed:
Contribution of ventral tegmental GABA receptors to cocaine self-administration in rats.
PubMed:
Glucagon-like peptide 1 stimulates hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin neurons.
PubMed:
An operant determination of the behavioral mechanism of benzodiazepine enhancement of food intake.
PubMed:
The neurotransmitters glycine and GABA stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 release from the GLUTag cell line.
PubMed:
Effects of sodium valproate on synaptic plasticity in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus.
PubMed:
Effects of maternal exposure to picrotoxin during lactation on physical and reflex development, square crossing and sexual behavior of rat offspring.
PubMed:
Central pipecolic acid increases food intake under ad libitum feeding conditions in the neonatal chick.
PubMed:
Intracerebroventricular administration of GABA-A and GABA-B receptor antagonists attenuate feeding and sleeping-like behavior induced by L-pipecolic acid in neonatal chicks.
PubMed:
Selective blockade of drug-induced place preference conditioning by ACPC, a functional NDMA-receptor antagonist.
PubMed:
Delayed impairment of response extinction after single seizures induced by picrotoxin.
PubMed:
NOESY on neurotoxins: NMR and conformational assignments of picrotoxins.
PubMed:
Injections of D-amphetamine into the ventral pallidum increase locomotor activity and responding for conditioned reward: a comparison with injections into the nucleus accumbens.
PubMed:
The role of GABA-A and mitochondrial diazepam-binding inhibitor receptors on the effects of neurosteroids on food intake in mice.
PubMed:
Bidirectional modulation of sweet and bitter taste by chlordiazepoxide and Ro 15-4513: lack of effect with GABA drugs.
PubMed:
The hyperphagic effect of 3 alpha-hydroxylated pregnane steroids in male rats.
PubMed:
Changes in GABAA receptor function and cross-tolerance to ethanol in diazepam-dependent rats.
PubMed:
Failure of CCK receptor ligands to modify anxiety-related behavioural suppression in an operant conflict paradigm in rats.
PubMed:
[Changes in GABAA/benzodiazepine receptor complex function in the pentobarbital-dependent rat].
PubMed:
Effects of competitive and noncompetitive GABA(A) antagonists on the acquisition of a discrimination in squirrel monkeys.
PubMed:
The action of ANP, BNP and related peptides on motivated behavior in rats.
PubMed:
Behavioural and biochemical changes produced by repeated oral administration of the insecticide endosulfan in immature rats.
PubMed:
Pharmacological specificity of N-methyl-D-aspartate discrimination in rats.
PubMed:
Interaction of taurine and related compounds with GABAergic neurones in the nucleus raphe dorsalis.
PubMed:
Effects of convulsant ligands of the GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex in conflict and learning tasks in mice.
PubMed:
Induction of food intake by a GABAergic mechanism in the turkey.
PubMed:
GABA-related feeding control in genetically obese rats.
PubMed:
Hoffmann reflex from foreleg flexor nerves in cats: lateralization, picrotoxin, strychnine, crossed flexor reflex.
PubMed:
The contribution of basal forebrain to limbic-motor integration and the mediation of motivation to action.
PubMed:
Safety signal withdrawal: a behavioural paradigm sensitive to both "anxiolytic" and "anxiogenic" drugs under identical experimental conditions.
PubMed:
Behavioral correlates of a progressive dysfunctioning of the deeper layers of the colliculus superior: effects of picrotoxin.
PubMed:
Electrical activity and feeding correlates of intracranial hypothalamic injection of GABA, muscimol and picrotoxin in the rats.
PubMed:
The pentylenetetrazol-like interoceptive stimulus produced by ethanol withdrawal is potentiated by bicuculline and picrotoxinin.
PubMed:
Food intake suppressant effect of baclofen in rats.
PubMed:
Effects of naloxone and picrotoxin on diazepam- or pentobarbital-induced hyperphagia in nondeprived rats.
PubMed:
A new sensitive method which unlike the Vogel test detects the anxiolytic effect of tofisopam.
PubMed:
[Effect of activation and blockade of the GABA-ergic system of the substantia nigra in the midbrain on the realization of conditioned food reflexes in dogs].
PubMed:
Midazolam cue in rats: effects of drugs acting on GABA and 5-hydroxytryptamine systems, anticonvulsants and sedatives.
PubMed:
Microgram doses of diazepam do not induce proconvulsant or proconflict effects in rodents.
PubMed:
GABAergic neurotransmission within the reticular part of the substantia nigra (SNR): role for switching motor patterns and performance of movements.
PubMed:
Midazolam cue in rats: effects of Ro 15-1788 and picrotoxin.
PubMed:
The effects of compounds related to gamma-aminobutyrate and benzodiazepine receptors on behavioural responses to anxiogenic stimuli in the rat: extinction and successive discrimination.
PubMed:
Effects of valproate on hyponeophagia in rats: competitive antagonism with picrotoxin and non-competitive antagonism with RO 15-1788.
PubMed:
Midazolam cue in rats: generalization tests with anxiolytic and other drugs.
PubMed:
Behavioural pharmacology of food, water and salt intake in relation to drug actions at benzodiazepine receptors.
PubMed:
Comparison of the effects of naloxone and picrotoxin on schedule-controlled responding in the pigeon: possible GABA-antagonistic effects of naloxone.
PubMed:
Inhibition of insulin hyperphagia by gamma aminobutyric acid antagonists in rats.
PubMed:
Role of training dose in discrimination of nicotine and related compounds by rats.
PubMed:
Chlordiazepoxide-induced hyperphagia in rats: lack of effect of GABA agonists and antagonists.
PubMed:
Gabaergic modulation of mouse-killing in the rat.
PubMed:
Involvement of GABA in palate morphogenesis and its relation to diazepam teratogenesis in two mouse strains.
PubMed:
[Effect of stimulation of GABA-ergic structures of the substantia nigra and caudate nucleus on food-getting behavior in the cat].
PubMed:
Pharmacological manipulation of sincalide (CCK-8)-induced suppression of feeding.
PubMed:
[Effect of central effective substances on alcohol preference].
PubMed:
Further characterization of the anorexic action of orally-administered THIP, a GABA-analogue, in the rat.
PubMed:
Effects of diazepam and picrotoxin on hyponeophagia in rats.
PubMed:
Actions of clonidine on convulsions and behaviour.
PubMed:
Decreased convulsant potency of picrotoxin and pentetrazol and enhanced [3H]flunitrazepam cortical binding following stressful manipulations in rats.
PubMed:
GABA in the ventral tegmental area: differential regional effects on locomotion, aggression and food intake after microinjection of GABA agonists and antagonists.
PubMed:
Electroencephalographic correlates of audiogenic seizures during ethanol withdrawal in mice.
PubMed:
Interaction between the activity of an epileptic focus and discrete skilled movements in rats.
PubMed:
Combined effect of drug and drive on the consolidation process.
PubMed:
Time-dependent processes in memory storage.