protoporphyrin IX

ooporphyrin

CAS: 553-12-8 C34 H34 N4 O4 MW: 562.66978000

Identification

Nameprotoporphyrin IX
IUPAC3-[18-(2-carboxyethyl)-8,13-bis(ethenyl)-3,7,12,17-tetramethyl-22,23-dihydroporphyrin-2-yl]propanoic acid
CAS Number553-12-8
EINECS209-033-7
FDA UNIIC2K325S808
Molecular FormulaC34 H34 N4 O4
Molecular Weight562.66978000
MDL NumberMFCD00151109
Nikkaji NumberJ15.490C
Beilstein380795

Regulatory

Physical Properties

Assay 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed No
Soluble in water, 169 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)

No sensory data available

Safety Information

Preferred SDSView
Oral/Parenteral ToxicityNot determined
Dermal ToxicityNot determined
Inhalation ToxicityNot determined

GHS Classification

['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']

Safety in Use

Categorynatural substances and extractives
Recommendation for protoporphyrin IX usage levels up tonot for fragrance use.
Recommendation for protoporphyrin IX flavor usage levels up tonot for flavor use.

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Potential Uses

None Found

Natural Occurrence

beet root

Synonyms

3-[18-(2- carboxyethyl)-8,13-bis(ethenyl)-3,7,12,17-tetramethyl-22,23-dihydroporphyrin-2-yl]propanoic acid ooporphyrin 21H,23H- porphine-2,18-dipropanoic acid, 7,12-diethenyl-3,8,13,17-tetramethyl- 2,18- porphinedipropionic acid, 3,8,13,17-tetramethyl-7,12-divinyl- (8CI) 3,3'-(3,7,12,17- tetramethyl-8,13-divinylporphine-2,18-diyl)di(propionic acid) PubMed: Influence of meat source, pH and production time on zinc protoporphyrin IX formation as natural colouring agent in nitrite-free dry fermented sausages. PubMed: Subcritical water-hydrolyzed fish collagen ameliorates survival of endotoxemic mice by inhibiting HMGB1 release in a HO-1-dependent manner. PubMed: Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 mediates the anti-inflammatory activity of casein glycomacropeptide (GMP) hydrolysates in LPS-stimulated macrophages. PubMed: Heme-oxygenase-1 Production by Intestinal CX3CR1(+) Macrophages Helps to Resolve Inflammation and Prevents Carcinogenesis. PubMed: Egg production and egg quality in free-range laying hens housed at different outdoor stocking densities. PubMed: Hydroxypyridinone and 5-Aminolaevulinic Acid Conjugates for Photodynamic Therapy. PubMed: Effect of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal on myoglobin-mediated lipid oxidation when varying histidine content and hemin affinity. PubMed: Effects of Processing Temperature on Color Properties of Dry-Cured Hams Made without Nitrite. PubMed: Bisphenol A effects on the chlorophyll contents in soybean at different growth stages. PubMed: 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 stabilizes hypoxia inducible factor-1α through induction of heme oxygenase-1 and direct modification ofprolyl-4-hydroxylase 2. PubMed: Mg-Protoporphyrin IX Signals Enhance Plant's Tolerance to Cold Stress. PubMed: Serum thioredoxin reductase is highly increased in mice with hepatocellular carcinoma and its activity is restrained by several mechanisms. PubMed: CdTe/CdSe quantum dot-based fluorescent aptasensor with hemin/G-quadruplex DNzyme for sensitive detection of lysozyme using rolling circle amplification and strand hybridization. PubMed: Curcumin attenuates quinocetone induced apoptosis and inflammation via the opposite modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-kB pathway in human hepatocyte L02 cells. PubMed: Intracellular Dual Fluorescent Lightup Bioprobes for Image-Guided Photodynamic Cancer Therapy. PubMed: Involvement of Mouse Constitutive Androstane Receptor in Acifluorfen-Induced Liver Injury and Subsequent Tumor Development. PubMed: Measurement of haem and total iron in fish, shrimp and prawn using ICP-MS: Implications for dietary iron intake calculations. PubMed: A Label-Free and Sensitive Fluorescent Qualitative Assay for Bisphenol A Based on Rolling Circle Amplification/Exonuclease III-Combined Cascade Amplification. PubMed: Formation of naturally occurring pigments during the production of nitrite-free dry fermented sausages. PubMed: Tenuigenin exhibits anti-inflammatory activity via inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB and inducing Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in macrophages. PubMed: Magnetic nanoparticles-cooperated fluorescence sensor for sensitive and accurate detection of DNA methyltransferase activity coupled with exonuclease III-assisted target recycling. PubMed: Microglial HO-1 induction by curcumin provides antioxidant, antineuroinflammatory, and glioprotective effects. PubMed: The Cytoprotective Effect of Petalonia binghamiae Methanol Extract against Oxidative Stress in C2C12 Myoblasts: Mediation by Upregulation of Heme Oxygenase-1 and Nuclear Factor-Erythroid 2 Related Factor 2. PubMed: Assessment of the action spectrum for photooxidation in full fat bovine milk. PubMed: Sargassum horneri methanol extract rescues C2C12 murine skeletal muscle cells from oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity through Nrf2-mediated upregulation of heme oxygenase-1. PubMed: Identification and characterization of [6]-shogaol from ginger as inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. PubMed: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 5-aminolaevulinic acid/3-hydroxypyridinone conjugates as potential photodynamic therapeutical agents. PubMed: Determination of selected protoporphyrins in parma ham with use of 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin as a surrogate standard in the recovery study. PubMed: A DNA nanomachine based on rolling circle amplification-bridged two-stage exonuclease III-assisted recycling strategy for label-free multi-amplified biosensing of nucleic acid. PubMed: Highly sensitive fluorescence assay of DNA methyltransferase activity by methylation-sensitive cleavage-based primer generation exponential isothermal amplification-induced G-quadruplex formation. PubMed: A comparative study of zinc protoporphyrin IX-forming properties of animal by-products as sources for improving the color of meat products. PubMed: Effects of bisphenol A on chlorophyll synthesis in soybean seedlings. PubMed: Myoglobin and haemoglobin-mediated lipid oxidation in washed muscle: observations on crosslinking, ferryl formation, porphyrin degradation, and haemin loss rate. PubMed: Monosodium urate crystals trigger Nrf2- and heme oxygenase-1-dependent inflammation in THP-1 cells. PubMed: Type 2 diabetic conditions in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats are ameliorated by 5-aminolevulinic acid. PubMed: Ultrasensitive fluorescence detection of nucleic acids using exonuclease III-induced cascade two-stage isothermal amplification-mediated zinc (II)-protoporphyrin IX/G-quadruplex supramolecular fluorescent nanotags. PubMed: Heme oxygenase-1 induction alters chemokine regulation and ameliorates human immunodeficiency virus-type-1 infection in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. PubMed: The protective effect of alpha-lipoic Acid in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury is mediated by heme oxygenase-1. PubMed: Lipid oxidation in trout muscle is strongly inhibited by a protein that specifically binds hemin released from hemoglobin. PubMed: Dye Sensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. PubMed: Bilirubin participates in protecting of heme oxygenase-1 induction by quercetin against ethanol hepatotoxicity in cultured rat hepatocytes. PubMed: Polygonum viviparum L. inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 macrophages through haem oxygenase-1 induction and activation of the Nrf2 pathway. PubMed: Heme binding to human alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor. PubMed: Effects of different storage conditions on quality related porphyrin fluorescence signatures of pork slices. PubMed: Hydroxytyrosol induces proliferation and cytoprotection against oxidative injury in vascular endothelial cells: role of Nrf2 activation and HO-1 induction. PubMed: Anti-inflammatory activity of Angelica dahurica ethanolic extract on RAW264.7 cells via upregulation of heme oxygenase-1. PubMed: Regulation and gene expression of heme synthesis under heavy metal exposure--review. PubMed: In vivo uptake of a haem analogue Zn protoporphyrin IX by the human malaria parasite P. falciparum-infected red blood cells. PubMed: Nitric oxide inhibits the formation of zinc protoporphyrin IX and protoporphyrin IX. PubMed: Assessment of the quality attributes of cod caviar paste by means of front-face fluorescence spectroscopy. PubMed: Formation of zinc protoporphyrin IX in Parma-like ham without nitrate or nitrite. PubMed: The plant phenolic diterpene carnosol suppresses sodium nitroprusside-induced toxicity in c6 glial cells. PubMed: Color formation in nitrite-free dried hams as related to Zn-protoporphyrin IX and Zn-chelatase activity. PubMed: Luteolin suppresses cisplatin-induced apoptosis in auditory cells: possible mediation through induction of heme oxygenase-1 expression. PubMed: Intragastric administration with recombinant Lactococcus lactis producing heme oxygenase-1 prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia in rats. PubMed: Curcumin attenuates dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury in rats through Nrf2-mediated induction of heme oxygenase-1. PubMed: Effects of manipulating the nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway on bovine oocyte meiotic resumption in vitro. PubMed: Mass spectrometric evidence for a zinc-porphyrin complex as the red pigment in dry-cured Iberian and Parma ham. PubMed: Possible role of creatine concentrations in the brain in regulating appetite and weight. PubMed: Protective effects of Korean herbal remedy against oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes. PubMed: The weight loss elicited by cobalt protoporphyrin is related to decreased activity of nitric oxide synthase in the hypothalamus. PubMed: Optimal fluorescence excitation and emission bands for detection of fecal contamination. PubMed: The breast cancer resistance protein protects against a major chlorophyll-derived dietary phototoxin and protoporphyria. PubMed: Synthesis, herbicidal activity, and mode of action of IR 5790. PubMed: Singlet oxygen-triggered immediate preprogrammed apoptosis. PubMed: Curcumin, an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, induces heme oxygenase-1 and protects endothelial cells against oxidative stress. PubMed: Red meat and colon cancer: the cytotoxic and hyperproliferative effects of dietary heme. PubMed: Cytotoxic and porphyrinogenic effects of diphenyl ethers in cultured rat hepatocytes: chlornitrofen (CNP), CNP-amino, chlomethoxyfen and bifenox. PubMed: UVA1 radiation triggers two different final apoptotic pathways. PubMed: Inhibition of hemozoin formation in Plasmodium falciparum trophozoite extracts by heme analogs: possible implication in the resistance to malaria conferred by the beta-thalassemia trait. PubMed: [The chemistry of porphyrins and their precursors on the heme biosynthetic chain]. PubMed: Mechanisms of chlorophyllin anticarcinogenesis against aflatoxin B1: complex formation with the carcinogen. PubMed: Influence of dietary calcium on lead poisoning in mallard ducks (Anas platyrynchos).