dextro-limonene

D-limonene

C10 H16 MW: 136.23752000 citrus citrus

Identification

Namedextro-limonene
IUPAC(4R)-1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene
EINECS227-813-5
FDA UNIIGFD7C86Q1W
Molecular FormulaC10 H16
Molecular Weight136.23752000
MDL NumberMFCD00062991
Nikkaji NumberJ9.591E
CoE Number491

Regulatory

JECFA Food Flavoring1326 D-limonene
DG SANTE Food Flavourings01.045 D-limonene
FEMA Number2633
FDANo longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm (SATF)5989-27-5 ; D-LIMONENE
FDA RegulationFDA PART 182 -- SUBSTANCES GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AS SAFE

Physical Properties

Appearance colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay 96.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed Yes
Specific Gravity 0.83800 to 0.84300 @ 25.00 °C., 0.83700 to 0.84500 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est). 6.973 to 7.015
Pounds per Gallon - est. 6.965 to 7.031
Refractive Index 1.47100 to 1.47700 @ 20.00 °C.
Optical Rotation +87.00 to +102.00
Melting Point -96.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point 175.00 to 177.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Acid Value 5.00 max. KOH/g
Vapor Pressure 0.198000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C.
Vapor Density 4.7 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point 117.00 °F. TCC ( 47.22 °C. )
logP (o/w) 4.570
Shelf Life 12.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly.
Storage store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light. store under nitrogen., store under nitrogen.
Soluble in alcohol
Insoluble in water

Cosmetic Information

CosIngcosmetic data
Cosmetic Usesfragrance

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Strength medium
Substantivity 4 hour(s) at 100.00 %
Odor Description
at 100.00 %.
Sweet, citrus and peely
citric, lively, nuances of tangerine, celery and lemon oil
harsh terpene citrusy fruity orange berry tarty Fresh light and sweet citrusy odor with strong resemblance to Orange peel oil
ORANGE, FRESH, SWEET, CITRIC
Odor sample from CA Aromatics Company Inc.
Taste Description
at 30.00 ppm.
citrus, fruity, orange, berry flavor, tar-like

Safety Information

Preferred SDSView
European informationMost important hazard(s):
Human Experience4 % solution: no irritation or sensitization.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicityoral-rat LD50 [sex: M] > 5000 mg/kg
Dermal Toxicityskin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg
Inhalation ToxicityNot determined

GHS Classification

['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements', 'BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)\nBEHAVIORAL: ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX)', 'PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE']

Safety in Use

Categoryflavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety AssessmentSearch
IFRA Critical EffectDermal sensitization
IFRA Other Specification< 20 mmoles / L of peroxides
fragrance material specificationd-, l-and dl-Limonene and natural products containing substantial amounts of it, should only be used when the level of peroxides is kept to the lowest practical level, for instance by adding antioxidants at the time of production. Such products should have a peroxide value of less than 20 millimoles peroxides per liter, determined according to the FMA method, which can be downloaded from the IFRA website (see Analytical Methods).
Recommendation for dextro-limonene usage levels up to20.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU)34000.00 (μg/capita/day)
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA)12726.00 (μg/capita/day)
Threshold of Concern1800 (μg/person/day)
Structure ClassI
baked goods-
beverages(nonalcoholic)-
beverages(alcoholic)-
breakfast cereal-
cheese-
chewing gum-
condiments / relishes-
confectionery froastings-
egg products-
fats / oils-
fish products-
frozen dairy-
fruit ices-
gelatins / puddings48.00000
granulated sugar-
gravies-
hard candy-
imitation dairy-
instant coffee / tea-
jams / jellies-
meat products-
milk products-
nut products-
other grains-
poultry-
processed fruits-
processed vegetables-
reconstituted vegetables-
seasonings / flavors-
snack foods-
soft candy-
soups-
sugar substitutes-
sweet sauces-

Augustus Oils Ltd

The Premier Supplier

Augustus Oils Ltd, in harmony with nature - to present it at its best...

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Berje Inc.

Where the world comes to its senses

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Charkit Chemical Corporation

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ECSA Chemicals

Human Chemistry

ECSA Chemicals has been active since 1913 in the trading and international commerce of raw materials. With an organisation divided into industrial segments managed by specialists, it has become one of...

View All Website +41 91 695 88 00 marketing@ecsa.ch

Elixens America, Inc.

Sharing What Nature Inspires

US affiliate supplying Conventional and Certified Organic Essential Oils since 1998; specializing in French Essential Oils.

View All Website 1.732.388.3555 contact.elixens-france@elixens.com

Excellentia International

Ingredients by Nature

Exceptional quality and excellence in meeting our customers requirements.

View All Website 732.749.9840 info@excellentiaint.com

Fleurchem, Inc.

Have A Flavorful Day

A leading global manufacturer and supplier of ingredients for Flavors, Fragrances, AromaTherapy, Foods, Beverages, Personal Care Products, and other uses.

View All Website 845-341-2100 info@fleurchem.com

Global Essence Inc.

Preferred Partner

Accommodate each customers unique needs.

View All Website 001 732 677 1100 info@globalessenceuk.com

Indukern, S.A. F&F Ingredients Division

Commitment to quality

Idukern F&F Ingredients is your partner for the fragrance and flavor ingredients.

View All Website +34 93 506 91 00 info@indukern.es

Jiangyin Healthway International Trade Co., Ltd

Independent Ingredients Supplier

We provide custom synthesis and contract manufacturing from milligrams to metric tonnes.

View All Website 86-510-86023169 info@healthwaychem.com

Lluch Essence S.L.

A family company dedicated to sales and distribution

Flexibility, availability, price and quality.

View All Website 34 93 379 38 49 web@lluche.com

Moellhausen S.P.A.

THE CHEMISTRY OF EMOTIONS

Innovation and commitment in the name of excellence.

View All Website +39 039.685.6262

OQEMA

With a focus on providing the highest level of service

OQEMA has established itself at the forefront of the global chemical industry.

View All Website +1 973 886 3778 fandf@oqema.co.uk

Penta International Corporation

Chemistry innovation

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View All Website (973) 740-2300 lisaa@pentamfg.com

PerfumersWorld Ltd.

feeeel... the smell!

The one-stop resource for the creative perfumer.

View All Website +66(0)2-99-800-80 pwenquiries@perfumersworld.com

Prodasynth

PRODUCTEUR PAR ESSENCE

Chemical specialist in manufacturing, distributing and sourcing of tailor-made ingredients for the Flavour & Fragrance industry.

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Sigma-Aldrich

Complete Supply Chain

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View All Website 800-244-1173 ff@sial.com

SRS Aromatics Ltd

For over 25 years

Bringing flavour and fragrance into your world.

View All Website +44 (0) 1284 704076 info@srsaromatics.co.uk

Symrise AG

Always Insiring More

Symrise aroma molecules & cosmetic ingredients for unique and innovative fragrances, flavors and cosmetics.

View All Website +49 5531 90 0 scentandcare@symrise.com

Synerzine, Inc.

Innovation. Customization. Aroma Ingredients.

Synerzine is a leading supplier of flavor and fragrance ingredients.

View All Website (404) 524-6744 info@synerzine.com

Taytonn ASCC Pte Ltd

Supplying Asia Pacific

We fully understand the demands of the F&F industry and we endeavour to supply quality products, with ready availability and a personalised service.

View All Website + 65 - 6861 8113 info@taytonnascc.com

TCI AMERICA

Moving Your Chemistry Forward

We continuously strive to advance our technology.

View All Website 1-800-423-8616 Sales-US@TCIchemicals.com;

The John D. Walsh Company, Inc

Suppliers Since 1942

Supplying the fragrance and flavor industry with high quality products.

View All Website 973-962-1400 info@johndwalsh.com

The Lermond Company

Your Sourcing Resource

The Lermond family has been sourcing raw materials for the flavor and fragrance industry for nearly 7 decades.

View All Website 201-896-3300 info@lermond.com

R C Treatt and Co Ltd

Innovative ingredient solutions

World-leading innovative ingredient solutions provider for the flavour, fragrance and FMCG industries.

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Ernesto Ventós S.A.

Leaders in essence

We employ our five senses to do our job well.

View All Website +1 856 226 7501 info@ventos.com

Vigon International

Passion for Simplicity

Manufacturer and supplier of high quality flavor and fragrance ingredients.

View All Website 570-476-6300 sales@vigon.com

Potential Uses

FR banana FR bergamot FR bubble gum FL/FR caraway seed FL carrot FR celery FR cherry FR citrus FR coffee FL cola FL/FR dill weed FR elemi erigeron FR evergreen FR floral FR fruit juicy fruit FR grapefruit FL grenadine FR herbal FR lemon FR lime FR lotus FR mandarin FR mint FR neroli FR nutmeg FR orange FL/FR petitgrain lemon petitgrain FR pineapple FR raspberry FR sassafras FR spearmint FR spice FL/FR valerian

Natural Occurrence

anise star anise fruit anise star anise seed bay laurel leaf oil bergamot oil @ 26.0% Data caraway seed oil cardamom fruit oil cardamom root oil cardamom seed oil celery oil celery seed celery seed oil celery shoot dill dill oil dill seed dill seed oil fennel seed grapefruit guava oil hyssop shoot lemon leaf oil lemon oil lemon pericarp lemon pericarp oil lime nutmeg seed nutmeg seed oil orange fruit orange fruit juice parsley seed oil pepper black pepper fruit pepper black pepper oil pepper black pepper seed oil peppermint leaf petitgrain lemon oil rosemary oil rosemary plant tea tree oil australia @ 0.51% Data

Synonyms

carvene D- citrene (+)- limonene (+)-(4R)- limonene (+)-alpha- limonene (+)-R- limonene (4R)-(+)- limonene (R)-(+)- limonene citrus D- limonene D- limonene D' limonene D’ limonene D' limonene (high purity, low odor) D- limonene citreatt limonene D pure limonene dextro redistilled D- limonene high purity low odor D- limonene natural D’ limonene natural dextro- limonene natural D- limonene P&F limonene R+ SP natural limonene R+ ST D- limonene Rectified dextro- limonene redistilled (+)-p- mentha-1,8-diene (+)-para- mentha-1,8-diene (R)-(+)-para- mentha-1,8-diene D-para- mentha-1,8-diene dextro-para- mentha-1,8-diene (+)-1,8-para- menthadiene 1,8 9-p- menthadiene 1,8 9-para- menthadiene (R)-1- methyl-4-(1-methyl ethenyl) cyclohexene (R)-1- methyl-4-(1-methyl vinyl) cyclohexene (R)-1- methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene (R)-1- methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene (R)-1- methyl-4-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene (4R)-1- methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene (+)-4-iso propenyl-1-methyl cyclohexene 4-iso propenyl-1-methyl cyclohexene (+)-4-iso propenyl-1-methylcyclohexene 4-iso propenyl-1-methylcyclohexene Info: Limonene PubMed: Stability of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) essential oil in microcapsules made of whey protein isolate, guar gum, and carrageenan. PubMed: Biogas production from citrus waste by membrane bioreactor. PubMed: Performance of semi-continuous membrane bioreactor in biogas production from toxic feedstock containing D-Limonene. PubMed: Preparation and stabilization of D-limonene Pickering emulsions by cellulose nanocrystals. PubMed: Synergistic inhibitory effect of berberine and d-limonene on human gastric carcinoma cell line MGC803. PubMed: Comparison of lipids, fatty acids and volatile compounds of various kumquat species using HS/GC/MS/FID techniques. PubMed: Effect of second cooling on the chemical components of essential oils from orange peel (Citrus sinensis). PubMed: Evaluation of bioactive components and antioxidant and anticancer properties of citrus wastes generated during bioethanol production. PubMed: Chemical characterization of Brickellia cavanillesii (Asteraceae) using gas chromatographic methods. PubMed: Effects of nisin on the antimicrobial activity of d-limonene and its nanoemulsion. PubMed: Healing actions of essential oils from Citrus aurantium and d-limonene in the gastric mucosa: the roles of VEGF, PCNA, and COX-2 in cell proliferation. PubMed: A high-performance recycling solution for polystyrene achieved by the synthesis of renewable poly(thioether) networks derived from D-limonene. PubMed: Entrapment of a volatile lipophilic aroma compound (d-limonene) in spray dried water-washed oil bodies naturally derived from sunflower seeds (Helianthus annus). PubMed: Emulsification properties of a novel hydrocolloid (Angum gum) for d-limonene droplets compared with Arabic gum. PubMed: Antimicrobial Potential and Chemical Characterization of Serbian Liverwort (Porella arboris-vitae): SEM and TEM Observations. PubMed: Identification of characteristic flavour precursors from enzymatic hydrolysis-mild thermal oxidation tallow by descriptive sensory analysis and gas chromatography-olfactometry and partial least squares regression. PubMed: Release behavior and stability of encapsulated D-limonene from emulsion-based edible films. PubMed: Lack of effect of feeding citrus by-products in reducing salmonella in experimentally infected weanling pigs. PubMed: Volatile constituents of wild citrus Mangshanyegan (Citrus nobilis Lauriro) peel oil. PubMed: High-oil-load encapsulation of medium-chain triglycerides and D-limonene mixture in modified starch by spray drying. PubMed: Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of the essential oil of Illicium pachyphyllum fruits against two grain storage insects. PubMed: Process optimization and stability of D-limonene-in-water nanoemulsions prepared by ultrasonic emulsification using response surface methodology. PubMed: NTP technical report on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of beta-myrcene (CAS No. 123-35-3) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (Gavage studies). PubMed: Optimization of the RNA extraction method for transcriptome studies of Salmonella inoculated on commercial raw chicken breast samples. PubMed: Toxicity of Schizonpeta multifida essential oil and its constituent compounds towards two grain storage insects. PubMed: Adipose tissue accumulation of d-limonene with the consumption of a lemonade preparation rich in d-limonene content. PubMed: Fragrance mix reactions and lime allergic contact dermatitis. PubMed: Effect of feed liquid temperature on the structural morphologies of d-limonene microencapsulated powder and its preservation. PubMed: An attempt towards simultaneous biobased solvent based extraction of proteins and enzymatic saccharification of cellulosic materials from distiller's grains and solubles. PubMed: Ciprofloxacin-sensitive and ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter jejuni are equally susceptible to natural orange oil-based antimicrobials. PubMed: Enhanced stabilization of cloudy emulsions with gum Arabic and whey protein isolate. PubMed: Mandarin peel wastes pretreatment with steam explosion for bioethanol production. PubMed: Insulin secretagogue bioactivity of finger citron fruit (Citrus medica L. var. Sarcodactylis Hort, Rutaceae). PubMed: Orange essential oils antimicrobial activities against Salmonella spp. PubMed: Campylobacter and Arcobacter species sensitivity to commercial orange oil fractions. PubMed: Bioequivalence evaluation of two D-limonene capsule formulations in healthy Chinese volunteers. PubMed: Odour of limonene affects feeding behaviour in the blowfly, Phormia regina. PubMed: Influence of different extraction parameters on a solid-phase dynamic extraction for the gas chromatographic determination of d-limonene degradation products by using a fractional factorial design. PubMed: D-Limonene: safety and clinical applications. PubMed: Experiential effects of appetitive and nonappetitive odors on feeding behavior in the blowfly, Phormia regina: a putative role for tyramine in appetite regulation. PubMed: Bioactive compounds of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Cv. Rio Red) respond differently to postharvest irradiation, storage, and freeze drying. PubMed: Study on the transfer of components of Aetheroleum carvi and Aetheroleum foeniculi oils. PubMed: An overview of polylactides as packaging materials. PubMed: Studies of the isoprenoid-mediated inhibition of mevalonate synthesis applied to cancer chemotherapy and chemoprevention. PubMed: Differences in the volatile components and their odor characteristics of green and ripe fruits and dried pericarp of Japanese pepper (Xanthoxylum piperitum DC.). PubMed: Effect of water activity on the release characteristics and oxidative stability of D-limonene encapsulated by spray drying. PubMed: Effect of d-limonene on three stored-product beetles. PubMed: Composition, quality control, and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of long-time stored dill (Anethum graveolens L.) seeds from Bulgaria. PubMed: Release characteristics of flavor from spray-dried powder in boiling water and during rice cooking. PubMed: Isolation and identification of terpene chlorohydrins found in cold-pressed orange oil. PubMed: Development of a questionnaire and a database for assessing dietary d-limonene intake. PubMed: Effects of pulsed electric field processing and storage on the quality and stability of single-strength orange juice. PubMed: Volatile chemicals identified in extracts from newly hybrid citrus, dekopon (Shiranuhi mandarin Suppl. J.). PubMed: Weight-loss drugs and supplements: are there safer alternatives? PubMed: Food aroma partition between packaging materials and fatty food simulants. PubMed: Permeation of oxygen, water vapor, and limonene through printed and unprinted biaxially oriented polypropylene films. PubMed: Volatile composition of some Brazilian fruits: umbu-caja (Spondias citherea), camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia), Araça-boi (Eugenia stipitata), and Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum). PubMed: Effect of sorbed oil on food aroma loss through packaging materials. PubMed: Evaluation of potential disinfectants for preslaughter broiler crop decontamination. PubMed: Estimation of toxicity of chemical mixtures through modeling of chemical interactions. PubMed: Effects of dietary anticarcinogens on rat gastrointestinal glutathione S-transferase theta 1-1 levels. PubMed: Effects of dietary anticarcinogens on rat gastrointestinal glutathione peroxidase activity. PubMed: Evaluation, modelling and optimization of the cleaning process of contaminated plastic food refillables. PubMed: In vitro inhibition of CYP2B1 monooxygenase by beta-myrcene and other monoterpenoid compounds. PubMed: Toxicity of mixtures of nephrotoxicants with similar or dissimilar mode of action. PubMed: Epigenetic carcinogens: evaluation and risk assessment. PubMed: Pharmacokinetics of active drug metabolites after oral administration of perillyl alcohol, an investigational antineoplastic agent, to the dog. PubMed: Risk assessment of d-limonene: an example of male rat-specific renal tumorigens. PubMed: Effects of D-limonene on hepatic microsomal monooxygenase activity and paracetamol-induced glutathione depletion in mouse. PubMed: Subacute (4-wk) oral toxicity of a combination of four nephrotoxins in rats: comparison with the toxicity of the individual compounds. PubMed: d-Limonene. PubMed: Acute (24 hr) toxicity of a combination of four nephrotoxicants in rats compared with the toxicity of the individual compounds. PubMed: Benzaldehyde, citral, and d-limonene flavor perception in the presence of casein and whey proteins. PubMed: The human relevance of the renal tumor-inducing potential of d-limonene in male rats: implications for risk assessment. PubMed: Assessment of the subchronic oral toxicity of d-limonene in dogs. PubMed: Inhibition of carcinogenesis by minor anutrient constituents of the diet. PubMed: NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of d-Limonene (CAS No. 5989-27-5) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies). PubMed: Acute and subchronic nephrotoxicity of d-limonene in Fischer 344 rats. PubMed: Review of kidney sections from a subchronic d-limonene oral dosing study conducted by the National Cancer Institute. PubMed: Comparison of short-term renal effects due to oral administration of decalin or d-limonene in young adult male Fischer-344 rats. PubMed: Modulation of immune responses in mice by d-limonene.