Identification

Nameheptanal (aldehyde C-7)
IUPACheptanal
CAS Number111-71-7
EINECS203-898-4
FDA UNII92N104S3HF
Molecular FormulaC7 H14 O
Molecular Weight114.18778000
MDL NumberMFCD00007028
Nikkaji NumberJ5.520D
Beilstein1560236
CoE Number117
XlogP32.30 (est)

Regulatory

JECFA Food Flavoring95 heptanal
DG SANTE Food Flavourings05.031 heptanal
FEMA Number2540
FDANo longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm (SATF)111-71-7 ; HEPTANAL
FDA RegulationFDA PART 172 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION

Physical Properties

Appearance colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay 92.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed Yes
Specific Gravity 0.81500 to 0.82000 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est). 6.782 to 6.823
Refractive Index 1.41200 to 1.42000 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point -43.00 to -42.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point 152.00 to 153.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg, 74.00 to 75.00 °C. @ 50.00 mm Hg
Acid Value 10.00 max. KOH/g
Vapor Pressure 3.854000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Vapor Density 3.9 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point 95.00 °F. TCC ( 35.00 °C. )
logP (o/w) 2.442 (est)
Soluble in alcohol

Cosmetic Information

CosIngcosmetic data
Cosmetic Usesperfuming agents

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Strength high ,
Substantivity 12 hour(s) at 100.00 %
Odor Description
at 1.00 % in dipropylene glycol.
Fresh, green, citrus odor
Very Strong, Fatty, Harsh, Pungent
fruity, herbaceous, aldehyde
Odor sample from Givaudan Corporation
Taste Description
green aldehydic oily cortex grassy clover cilantro
green
sweet, almond

Safety Information

Preferred SDSView
European informationMost important hazard(s):
Human Experience4 % solution: no irritation or sensitization.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicityoral-rat LD50 3200 mg/kg
Dermal Toxicityskin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg
Inhalation Toxicityinhalation-rat LC50 > 18400 mg/m3/4H

GHS Classification

['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']

Safety in Use

Categoryflavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety AssessmentSearch
Recommendation for heptanal (aldehyde C-7) usage levels up to2.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
baked goods-
beverages(nonalcoholic)-
beverages(alcoholic)-
breakfast cereal-
cheese-
chewing gum-
condiments / relishes-
confectionery froastings-
egg products-
fats / oils-
fish products-
frozen dairy-
fruit ices-
gelatins / puddings-
granulated sugar-
gravies-
hard candy-
imitation dairy-
instant coffee / tea-
jams / jellies-
meat products-
milk products-
nut products-
other grains-
poultry-
processed fruits-
processed vegetables-
reconstituted vegetables-
seasonings / flavors-
snack foods-
soft candy-
soups-
sugar substitutes-
sweet sauces-

Advanced Biotech. Inc.

Inspired by Nature

A diverse range of products, all meeting our stringent commitment to quality.

View All Website 973-339-6242 info@adv-bio.com

Alfrebro LLC/ Archer Daniels Midland Company

Let's get reacquainted

Building great taste with aroma chemicals, extracts, and distillates

View All Website 513-539-7373 sforbis@alfrebro.com

Associate Allied Chemicals

Quality, Service and Values

Our aim is to become a reliable one-stop shop for our customers.

View All Website +91 22 2419 8800 aacipl@aacipl.com

Augustus Oils Ltd

The Premier Supplier

Augustus Oils Ltd, in harmony with nature - to present it at its best...

View All Website +44 (0)1420 590555 essentials@augustus-oils.ltd.uk

Axxence Aromatic GmbH

We bring nature to your flavour

Dedicated to provide the best possible quality and supply service of natural aroma ingredients.

View All Website +49.2822.68561.0 service@axxence.com

Charkit Chemical Corporation

The Specialty Chemical Specialists

Explore this website to discover the products and services that Charkit provides for your industry and please contact us directly to find out how we can be of service to you.

View All Website 203-299-3220 sales@charkit.com

Excellentia International

Ingredients by Nature

Exceptional quality and excellence in meeting our customers requirements.

View All Website 732.749.9840 info@excellentiaint.com

Fleurchem, Inc.

Have A Flavorful Day

A leading global manufacturer and supplier of ingredients for Flavors, Fragrances, AromaTherapy, Foods, Beverages, Personal Care Products, and other uses.

View All Website 845-341-2100 info@fleurchem.com

Global Essence Inc.

Preferred Partner

Accommodate each customers unique needs.

View All Website 001 732 677 1100 info@globalessenceuk.com

FRUTAROM USA INC,

Flavor & Specialty Ingredients

Your preferred partner for flavour and fragrance success.

View All Website +44 (0) 1429 863 222 Sales.IFFIngredients@iff.com

Indukern, S.A. F&F Ingredients Division

Commitment to quality

Idukern F&F Ingredients is your partner for the fragrance and flavor ingredients.

View All Website +34 93 506 91 00 info@indukern.es

Lluch Essence S.L.

A family company dedicated to sales and distribution

Flexibility, availability, price and quality.

View All Website 34 93 379 38 49 web@lluche.com

M&U International LLC

Steady supply & demand

Meeting customers increasing demands at home as well as abroad.

View All Website 908-359-9000 sales@mu-intel.com

Moellhausen S.P.A.

THE CHEMISTRY OF EMOTIONS

Innovation and commitment in the name of excellence.

View All Website +39 039.685.6262

OQEMA

With a focus on providing the highest level of service

OQEMA has established itself at the forefront of the global chemical industry.

View All Website +1 973 886 3778 fandf@oqema.co.uk

Penta International Corporation

Chemistry innovation

At Penta, our products and services help businesses do business better.

View All Website (973) 740-2300 lisaa@pentamfg.com

Robertet, Inc.

HOME OF NATURE, SEED TO SCENT

HOME OF NATURE – natural ingredients from the source.

View All Website +1.201.337.7100 info@robertetUSA.com

Sigma-Aldrich

Complete Supply Chain

The perfect blend of products and services that bring your creativity to life.

View All Website 800-244-1173 ff@sial.com

Taytonn ASCC Pte Ltd

Supplying Asia Pacific

We fully understand the demands of the F&F industry and we endeavour to supply quality products, with ready availability and a personalised service.

View All Website + 65 - 6861 8113 info@taytonnascc.com

TCI AMERICA

Moving Your Chemistry Forward

We continuously strive to advance our technology.

View All Website 1-800-423-8616 Sales-US@TCIchemicals.com;

The Lermond Company

Your Sourcing Resource

The Lermond family has been sourcing raw materials for the flavor and fragrance industry for nearly 7 decades.

View All Website 201-896-3300 info@lermond.com

R C Treatt and Co Ltd

Innovative ingredient solutions

World-leading innovative ingredient solutions provider for the flavour, fragrance and FMCG industries.

View All Website +1 863 668 9500 enquiries@treatt.com

Potential Uses

FR almond FR apple FR chypre FR clary sage oil replacer diffusion FR fruit FR ginger FR green FR herbal FR hyacinth FL nut FL/FR orange bitter orange peel FR orange blossom ozone

Natural Occurrence

allspice plant burdock root carrot root celery leaf celery shoot cerastium candidissimum corr. oil greece @ 4.70% Data corn husk oil corn silk oil elder black elder flower oil guava fruit hyacinth lemon oil lovage root mangrove bark red oil cuba @ trace% Data michelia champaca flower absolute @ 17.07% Data narcissus absolute @ 0.77% Data oat seed orange bitter orange orange fruit osmanthus absolute @ trace% Data papaya fruit plum fruit plumcot fruit PMC rice cooked rice PbMd PMC rose PMC rose oil otto bulgaria @ 0.09% Data roselle calyx rosemary sap sage clary sage sesame seed spearmint oil strawberry wild strawberry fruit tea leaf tea shoot wheat shoot ylang ylang

Synonyms

aldehyde C-7 aldehyde C-7 FCC aldehyde C7 aldehyde C7 naturel enanthal enanthaldehyde enanthic aldehyde enanthole heptaldehyde N- heptaldehyde 1- heptanal heptanal N- heptanal heptanal (aldehyde C-7) heptanal natural heptanaldehyde heptanoic aldehyde heptyl aldehyde N- heptyl aldehyde heptylaldehyde N- heptylaldehyde oenanthal oenanthaldehyde oenanthic aldehyde oenanthol Info: Volatile Flavor Components in Bogyojosaeng and Suhong Cultivars of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) PubMed: Ozone-initiated VOC and particle emissions from a cleaning agent and an air freshener: Risk assessment of acute airway effects. J-Stage: Aliphatic Aldehyde Reductase Activity Related to the Formation of Volatile Alcohols in Vietnamese Coriander Leaves PubMed: Binding of carbonyl flavours to canola, pea and wheat proteins using GC/MS approach. PubMed: A fishy odor episode in a north China reservoir: occurrence, origin, and possible odor causing compounds. PubMed: Monitoring of Selected Skin-Borne Volatile Markers of Entrapped Humans by Selective Reagent Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry in NO(+) Mode. PubMed: Development and assessment of plant-based synthetic odor baits for surveillance and control of malaria vectors. PubMed: Characterization of typical taste and odor compounds formed by Microcystis aeruginosa. PubMed: Cyanobacterial aldehyde deformylase oxygenation of aldehydes yields n-1 aldehydes and alcohols in addition to alkanes. PubMed: Sensitive determination of endogenous hexanal and heptanal in urine by hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction prior to capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection. PubMed: Parasitic wasp females are attracted to blends of host-induced plant volatiles: do qualitative and quantitative differences in the blend matter? PubMed: The effect of feed solids concentration and inlet temperature on the flavor of spray dried whey protein concentrate. PubMed: Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from the edible aromatic plant Aristolochia delavayi. PubMed: Chemometric tools to highlight possible migration of compounds from packaging to sunflower oils. PubMed: The influence of bleaching agent and temperature on bleaching efficacy and volatile components of fluid whey and whey retentate. PubMed: Effect of chemical form, heating, and oxidation products of linoleic acid on rumen bacterial population and activities of biohydrogenating enzymes. PubMed: Cooked carrot volatiles. AEDA and odor activity comparisons. Identification of linden ether as an important aroma component. PubMed: Detection and identification of breast cancer volatile organic compounds biomarkers using highly-sensitive single nanowire array on a chip. PubMed: Nanovesicle-based bioelectronic nose for the diagnosis of lung cancer from human blood. PubMed: Volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath in a healthy population: effect of tobacco smoking. PubMed: Study of ozone-initiated limonene reaction products by low temperature plasma ionization mass spectrometry. PubMed: High rate heptanoate production from propionate and ethanol using chain elongation. PubMed: Ozone and ozone byproducts in the cabins of commercial aircraft. PubMed: Effect of storage time and heat processing on the volatile profile of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858) muscle. PubMed: First observation of a potential non-invasive breath gas biomarker for kidney function. PubMed: Common host-derived chemicals increase catches of disease-transmitting mosquitoes and can improve early warning systems for Rift Valley fever virus. PubMed: Effect of bleaching permeate from microfiltered skim milk on 80% serum protein concentrate. PubMed: Modulation of protein fermentation does not affect fecal water toxicity: a randomized cross-over study in healthy subjects. PubMed: Identification of characteristic flavour precursors from enzymatic hydrolysis-mild thermal oxidation tallow by descriptive sensory analysis and gas chromatography-olfactometry and partial least squares regression. PubMed: Human reference values for acute airway effects of five common ozone-initiated terpene reaction products in indoor air. PubMed: Volatile organic compounds in uremia. PubMed: Determination of volatile compounds in New Zealand Greenshell™ mussels (Perna canaliculus) during chilled storage using solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PubMed: Kinetics and products of the reactions of OH radicals with cyclohexene, 1-methyl-1-cyclohexene, cis-cyclooctene, and cis-cyclodecene. PubMed: Decaying mouse volatiles perceived by Calliphora vicina Rob.-Desv. PubMed: Evidence for only oxygenative cleavage of aldehydes to alk(a/e)nes and formate by cyanobacterial aldehyde decarbonylases. PubMed: Electrophysiological responses of the olfactory receptors of the tick Amblyomma cajennense (Acari: Ixodidae) to host-related and tick pheromone-related synthetic compounds. PubMed: Sexual dimorphism in scent substances and cuticular lipids of adult Papilio protenor butterflies. PubMed: Volatile compounds of healthy and insect-damaged Hippophae rhamnoides sinensis in natural and planted forests. PubMed: Iron-lactoferrin complex reduces iron-catalyzed off-flavor formation in powdered milk with added fish oil. PubMed: 1-methylcyclopropene effects on temporal changes of aroma volatiles and phytochemicals of fresh-cut cantaloupe. PubMed: Differences in the volatile compositions of ginseng species (Panax sp.). PubMed: An overlooked component: (Z)-9-tetradecenal as a sex pheromone in Helicoverpa armigera. PubMed: Effect of bleaching whey on sensory and functional properties of 80% whey protein concentrate. PubMed: Plant odour stimuli reshape pheromonal representation in neurons of the antennal lobe macroglomerular complex of a male moth. PubMed: Identification of aroma-active compounds in Jiashi muskmelon juice by GC-O-MS and OAV calculation. PubMed: A bioelectronic sensor based on canine olfactory nanovesicle-carbon nanotube hybrid structures for the fast assessment of food quality. PubMed: A novel sorptive extraction method based on polydimethylsiloxane frit for determination of lung cancer biomarkers in human serum. PubMed: Differential interactions of sex pheromone and plant odour in the olfactory pathway of a male moth. PubMed: ZnO nanorod coating for solid phase microextraction and its applications for the analysis of aldehydes in instant noodle samples. PubMed: Use of denuder/filter apparatus to investigate terpene ozonolysis. PubMed: Development of a novel monolith frit-based solid-phase microextraction method for determination of hexanal and heptanal in human serum samples. PubMed: Characterisation and calibration of active sampling Solid Phase Microextraction applied to sensitive determination of gaseous carbonyls. PubMed: Oxygen-independent alkane formation by non-heme iron-dependent cyanobacterial aldehyde decarbonylase: investigation of kinetics and requirement for an external electron donor. PubMed: Simple derivatization of aldehydes with D-cysteine and their determination in beverages by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. PubMed: Mapping brain activity induced by olfaction of virgin olive oil aroma. PubMed: Effect of liquid retentate storage on flavor of spray-dried whey protein concentrate and isolate. PubMed: Solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method validation for the determination of endogenous substances: urinary hexanal and heptanal as lung tumor biomarkers. PubMed: Specific antibody responses of primary cells from different cell sources are able to predict immunotoxicity in vitro. PubMed: Antioxidant properties of green tea extract protect reduced fat soft cheese against oxidation induced by light exposure. PubMed: [Early molecular diagnosis of lung cancer: a method to rule out the disease]. PubMed: Effects of lard on the formation of volatiles from the Maillard reaction of cysteine with xylose. PubMed: Headspace solid-phase microextraction with on-fiber derivatization for the determination of aldehydes in algae by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PubMed: Peptide surfactants for cell-free production of functional G protein-coupled receptors. PubMed: Influence of pulsed electric field treatments on the volatile compounds of milk in comparison with pasteurized processing. PubMed: Volatile analysis of ground almonds contaminated with naturally occurring fungi. PubMed: Mating-induced differential coding of plant odour and sex pheromone in a male moth. PubMed: A novel solid-phase microextraction method based on polymer monolith frit combining with high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of aldehydes in biological samples. PubMed: Development of a sampling method for the simultaneous monitoring of straight-chain alkanes, straight-chain saturated carbonyl compounds and monoterpenes in remote areas. PubMed: Brain-state-independent neural representation of peripheral stimulation in rat olfactory bulb. PubMed: Formation of volatiles and fattyacids of therapeutic importance in the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum LPcfr adapted to resist GIT conditions. PubMed: Oxidative stability and sensory quality of meat from broiler chickens fed a bacterial meal produced on natural gas. PubMed: An amino-modified Zr-terephthalate metal-organic framework as an acid-base catalyst for cross-aldol condensation. PubMed: Electrostatic spraying of antioxidants on the oxidative quality of ground beef. PubMed: Gap junctions in olfactory neurons modulate olfactory sensitivity. PubMed: Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Bupleurum longiradiatum. PubMed: The impact of antioxidant addition on flavor of cheddar and mozzarella whey and cheddar whey protein concentrate. PubMed: Characterization and discrimination of premium-quality, waxy, and black-pigmented rice based on odor-active compounds. PubMed: Freshness characterisation of whiting (Merlangius merlangus) using an SPME/GC/MS method and a statistical multivariate approach. PubMed: Switching attraction to inhibition: mating-induced reversed role of sex pheromone in an insect. PubMed: Alkylpyrazines and other volatiles in cocoa liquors at pH 5 to 8, by Selected Ion Flow Tube-Mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS). PubMed: Controlling light oxidation flavor in milk by blocking riboflavin excitation wavelengths by interference. PubMed: Products and mechanisms of the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals with 1-octene and 7-tetradecene in the presence of NO. PubMed: [Measurement of exhaled volatile organic compounds in lung cancer patients]. PubMed: How big is the gap between olfactory detection and recognition of aliphatic aldehydes? PubMed: Analysis of volatile aldehyde biomarkers in human blood by derivatization and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet method by high performance liquid chromatography. PubMed: Bioconversion of heptanal to heptanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PubMed: Headspace volatile composition of the flowers of Caralluma europaea N.E.Br. (Apocynaceae). PubMed: The effect of bleaching agent on the flavor of liquid whey and whey protein concentrate. PubMed: Flavor variability and flavor stability of U.S.-produced whole milk powder. PubMed: Changes of headspace volatiles in milk with riboflavin photosensitization. PubMed: Breath gas aldehydes as biomarkers of lung cancer. PubMed: High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of hexanal and heptanal in human blood by ultrasound-assisted headspace liquid-phase microextraction with in-drop derivatization. PubMed: [Chemical composition of the virgin oil obtained by mechanical pressing form several grape seed varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) with emphasis on minor constituents]. PubMed: Iron is an essential cause of fishy aftertaste formation in wine and seafood pairing. PubMed: Characterization and quantification of odor-active compounds in unsaturated fatty acid/conjugated linoleic acid (UFA/CLA)-enriched butter and in conventional butter during storage and induced oxidation. PubMed: Exploring the structural properties of simple aldehydes: a Monte Carlo and small-angle X-ray scattering study. PubMed: Odor compounds in cheese made from the milk of cows supplemented with extruded linseed and alpha-tocopherol. PubMed: Aliphatic aldehyde reductase activity related to the formation of volatile alcohols in Vietnamese coriander leaves. PubMed: The analysis of healthy volunteers' exhaled breath by the use of solid-phase microextraction and GC-MS. PubMed: Volatile compounds of fresh and dry-cured loin as affected by dietary conjugated linoleic acid and monounsaturated fatty acids. PubMed: Natural odor ligands for olfactory receptor neurons of the female mosquito Aedes aegypti: use of gas chromatography-linked single sensillum recordings. PubMed: Comparison of odor-active compounds from six distinctly different rice flavor types. PubMed: Effects of deep-bedded finishing system on market pig performance, composition and pork quality. PubMed: Stimulation of human olfactory receptor 17-40 with odorants probed by surface plasmon resonance. PubMed: Analysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes and n-aldehydes in melted snow water via solid-phase dynamic extraction combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. PubMed: Characterisation of recombinant human fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase: implications for Sjögren-Larsson syndrome. PubMed: Determination of aldehydes in human breath by on-fibre derivatization, solid-phase microextraction and GC-MS. PubMed: Kinetic analysis of volatile formation in milk subjected to pressure-assisted thermal treatments. PubMed: Effects of ultraviolet irradiation on chemical and sensory properties of goat milk. PubMed: A new concept of olfactory biosensor based on interdigitated microelectrodes and immobilized yeasts expressing the human receptor OR17-40. PubMed: Polymer monolith microextraction with in situ derivatization and its application to high-performance liquid chromatography determination of hexanal and heptanal in plasma. PubMed: Rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of 1-hexene in an ionic liquid: a molecular dynamics study of the hexene/[BMI][PF6] interface. PubMed: Quantitation of selected odor-active constituents in dry fermented sausages prepared with different curing salts. PubMed: Highly efficient cyclization of o-iodobenzoates with aldehydes catalyzed by cobalt bidentate phosphine complexes: a novel entry to chiral phthalides. PubMed: Asymmetric suppression of components in binary aldehyde mixtures: behavioral studies in the laboratory rat. PubMed: Enthalpies of formation, bond dissociation energies, and molecular structures of the n-aldehydes (acetaldehyde, propanal, butanal, pentanal, hexanal, and heptanal) and their radicals. PubMed: Ozone artifacts and carbonyl measurements using Tenax GR, Tenax TA, Carbopack B, and Carbopack X adsorbents. PubMed: The chemical nature of fetid floral odours in stapeliads (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae-Ceropegieae). PubMed: Polymer-mediated extraction of the fluorescent compounds derived by Hantzsch reaction with dimedone for the sensitive determination of aliphatic aldehydes in air. PubMed: Carbonyl emissions from commercial cooking sources in Hong Kong. PubMed: Photolysis of heptanal. PubMed: Migration and sensory properties of plastics-based nets used as food-contacting materials under ambient and high temperature heating conditions. PubMed: Functionalisation of carbon nanohorns. PubMed: Oxidative stability of milk influenced by fatty acids, antioxidants, and copper derived from feed. PubMed: Effects of oxygen and turmeric on the formation of oxidative aldehydes in fresh-pack dill pickles. PubMed: Comparison of odor-active volatile compounds of fresh and smoked salmon. PubMed: Application of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation biomarkers for oxidative damage in mammalian cells. A comparison with two fluorescent probes. PubMed: Headspace single-drop microextraction with in-drop derivatization for aldehyde analysis. PubMed: Olfactory sensitivity for aliphatic aldehydes in CD-1 mice. PubMed: Quantitative determination of thermally derived off-flavor compounds in milk using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography. PubMed: Purinergic receptor antagonists inhibit odorant-induced heat shock protein 25 induction in mouse olfactory epithelium. PubMed: Quality characteristics of irradiated turkey breast rolls formulated with plum extract. PubMed: Oxidative cleavage of vic-diols to aldehydes with dioxygen catalyzed by Ru(PPh3)3Cl2 on active carbon. PubMed: Chemical composition of hips essential oils of some Rosa L. species. PubMed: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of hexanal and heptanal in human blood by headspace single-drop microextraction with droplet derivatization. PubMed: Analysis of derivatized biogenic aldehydes by LC tandem mass spectrometry. PubMed: Influence of pasture or grain-based diets supplemented with vitamin E on antioxidant/oxidative balance of Argentine beef. PubMed: Evaluation of a multi-parameter biomarker set for oxidative damage in man: increased urinary excretion of lipid, protein and DNA oxidation products after one hour of exercise. PubMed: Aroma analysis of light-exposed milk stored with and without natural and synthetic antioxidants. PubMed: Mechanism of the excitatory Cl- response in mouse olfactory receptor neurons. PubMed: Interspecific differences in Aethia spp. auklet odorants and evidence for chemical defense against ectoparasites. PubMed: 2-methoxylated fatty acids in marine sponges: defense mechanism against mycobacteria? PubMed: Comparison between exhaled and sputum oxidative stress biomarkers in chronic airway inflammation. PubMed: Development of headspace solid-phase microextraction with on-fiber derivatization for determination of hexanal and heptanal in human blood. PubMed: Mastrus ridibundus parasitoids eavesdrop on cocoon-spinning codling moth, Cydia pomonella, larvae. PubMed: Aroma compounds in sweet whey powder. PubMed: Separation of flavonoids from Aleurites moluccana leaves using chitosan modified with heptaldehyde. PubMed: Predicted 3-D structures for mouse I7 and rat I7 olfactory receptors and comparison of predicted odor recognition profiles with experiment. PubMed: Investigation of volatile biomarkers in lung cancer blood using solid-phase microextraction and capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PubMed: Formation of volatile compounds in model experiments with crude leek (Allium ampeloprasum Var. Lancelot) enzyme extract and linoleic acid or linolenic acid. PubMed: Photoelectron resonance capture ionization (PERCI): a novel technique for the soft-ionization of organic compounds. PubMed: Volatile components in metatarsal glands of sika deer, Cervus nippon. PubMed: Determination of airborne carbonyls: comparison of a thermal desorption/GC method with the standard DNPH/HPLC method. PubMed: Hydroformylation of 1-hexene in supercritical carbon dioxide: characterization, activity, and regioselectivity studies. PubMed: Engineered yeasts as reporter systems for odorant detection. PubMed: Migration of volatile degradation products into ozonated water from plastic packaging materials. PubMed: Qualitative determination of false-positive effects in the acetylcholinesterase assay using thin layer chromatography. PubMed: Atmospheric chemistry of nonanal. PubMed: Electroantennogram responses of Douglas-fir seed chalcids to plant volatiles. PubMed: Determination of patterns of biologically relevant aldehydes in exhaled breath condensate of healthy subjects by liquid chromatography/atmospheric chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. PubMed: Study of light-induced volatile compounds in goat's milk cheese. PubMed: Synthesis of 9,9,9-trideutero-1,4-dihydroxynonane mercapturic acid (d3-DHN-MA), a useful internal standard for DHN-MA urinalysis. PubMed: Aldehydes in exhaled breath condensate of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PubMed: Relationship between molecular structure, concentration and odor qualities of oxygenated aliphatic molecules. PubMed: Identification of aroma compounds in Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese by gas chromatography/olfactometry. PubMed: Airborne carbonyls from motor vehicle emissions in two highway tunnels. PubMed: Attractant volatiles released by female and male Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), a vector of chagas disease: chemical analysis and behavioral bioassay. PubMed: Influence of lipid fraction, emulsifier fraction, and mean particle diameter of oil-in-water emulsions on the release of 20 aroma compounds. PubMed: Enzymatic kinetic resolution and chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution of delta-hydroxy esters. An efficient route to chiral delta-lactones. PubMed: Effects of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 genetic polymorphisms on metabolism of structurally different aldehydes in human liver. PubMed: Selective Oxidation of Vinyl Ethers and Silyl Enol Ethers with Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Peroxotungstophosphate. PubMed: Analysis of cooking oil fumes by ultraviolet spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PubMed: Modification of fatty acids changes the flavor volatiles in tomato leaves. PubMed: Elisa to quantify hexanal-protein adducts in a meat model system. PubMed: Interactions between artificial saliva and 20 aroma compounds in water and oil model systems. PubMed: On-road emissions of carbonyls from light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles. PubMed: Variation of major volatile constituents in various green teas from Southeast Asia. PubMed: Sexual pheromone or conventional odors increase extracellular lactate without changing glucose utilization in specific brain areas of the rat. PubMed: Olfactory and behavioural responses of the blood-sucking bug Triatoma infestans to odours of vertebrate hosts. PubMed: Thermostable NADP(+)-dependent medium-chain alcohol dehydrogenase from Acinetobacter sp. strain M-1: purification and characterization and gene expression in Escherichia coli. PubMed: A novel synthesis of racemic and enantiomeric forms of prostaglandin B1 methyl ester. PubMed: Olfactory and quantitative analysis of aroma compounds in elder flower (Sambucus nigra L.) drink processed from five cultivars. PubMed: Effect of aldehyde lipid oxidation products on myoglobin. PubMed: 'Microsmatic' primates revisited: olfactory sensitivity in the squirrel monkey. PubMed: Production and specificity of polyclonal antibodies to hexanal-lysine adducts. PubMed: Oxidative inactivation of human and sheep platelet membrane-associated phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity. PubMed: Raised concentrations of aldehyde lipid peroxidation products in premature infants with chronic lung disease. PubMed: Identification of ligands for olfactory receptors by functional expression of a receptor library. PubMed: Comparison of protein oxidation and aldehyde formation during oxidative stress in isolated mitochondria. PubMed: O3-induced formation of bioactive lipids: estimated surface concentrations and lining layer effects. PubMed: Cytotoxic aldehydes as possible markers for childhood cancer. PubMed: Detection of aldehydes in bronchoalveolar lavage of rats exposed to ozone. PubMed: Previously unknown aldehydic lipid peroxidation compounds of arachidonic acid. PubMed: [Detection of treatment of chicken breast with ionized rays and gradation of radiation dosage with the help of headspace gas chromatography and discriminant analysis evaluation]. PubMed: Contribution of peroxidation products to oxidative inactivation of rat liver microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase. PubMed: What does ozone react with at the air/lung interface? Model studies using human red blood cell membranes. PubMed: Oxygen radical-induced inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity in reconstituted membranes. PubMed: Effect of ozonation products on phospholipase A2 hydrolytic activity: use of bis(1-hydroxyheptyl)peroxide as a precursor of the ozonation product 1-hydroxy-1-hydroperoxyheptane. PubMed: Quantification of electroantennogram responses of the primary rhinaria ofAcyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) to C4-C 8 primary alcohols and aldehydes. PubMed: alpha-Hydroxyaldehydes, products of lipid peroxidation. PubMed: Volatile organic chemicals of a shore-dwelling cyanobacterial mat community. PubMed: Identification of vertebrate volatiles stimulating olfactory receptors on tarsus I of the tick Amblyomma variegatum Fabricius (Ixodidae). I. Receptors within the Haller's organ capsule. PubMed: Interaction of bacterial luciferase with aldehyde substrates and inhibitors. PubMed: Measurement of n-alkanals and hydroxyalkenals in biological samples. PubMed: [Hygienic evaluation of photochemical transformation of automobile exhaust fumes as effected by ozone]. PubMed: Identification of heptanal and nonanal in bronchoalveolar lavage from rats exposed to low levels of ozone. PubMed: Antennal olfactory responsiveness ofMicroplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to cotton plant volatiles. PubMed: Changes in surface charge density of lecithin liposomes by lipid peroxidation. A fluorescence study with 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate. PubMed: Isolation of high-Km aldehyde dehydrogenase isoenzymes from human gastric mucosa. PubMed: Reduced Accumulation of ABA during Water Stress in a Molybdenum Cofactor Mutant of Barley. PubMed: Kinetic evidence for human liver and stomach aldehyde dehydrogenase-3 representing an unique class of isozymes. PubMed: Reaction of thiobarbituric acid with saturated aldehydes. PubMed: Electroantennogram responses ofTrirhabda bacharides (weber) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to plant volatiles. PubMed: Mechanism of attraction of the lovebug, Plecia nearctica, to southern highways: further evidence for the IR-dielectric waveguide theory of insect olfaction. PubMed: Enzymic synthesis of labelled chiral substances. PubMed: Olfaction in the boll weevil,Anthonomus grandis Boh. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Electroantennogram studies. PubMed: Volatile food attractants forOryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) from oats. PubMed: Identification of host plant attractants for the carrot fly,Psila rosae. 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