dipyrido(1,2-a:2',1'-c)pyrazinediium, 6,7-dihydro-

CAS: 2764-72-9 C12 H12 N2 MW: 184.24164000

Identification

Namediquat
IUPAC6,7-dihydrodipyrido[1,2-b:1',2'-e]pyrazine-5,8-diium
CAS Number2764-72-9
EINECS220-433-0
FDA UNIIA9A615U4MP
Molecular FormulaC12 H12 N2
Molecular Weight184.24164000
Nikkaji NumberJ4.415F

Regulatory

Physical Properties

Appearance yellow crystalline solid (est)
Assay 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed No
Melting Point 337.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w) -4.710 (est)
Soluble in water, 70 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp)

No sensory data available

Safety Information

Oral/Parenteral Toxicityoral-chicken LD50 200 mg/kg
Dermal Toxicityskin-rabbit LD50 > 400 mg/kg
Inhalation ToxicityNot determined

GHS Classification

['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']

Safety in Use

Categoryherbicides / pesticides
Recommendation for diquat usage levels up tonot for fragrance use.
Recommendation for diquat flavor usage levels up tonot for flavor use.

No supplier data available

Potential Uses

None Found

Natural Occurrence

not found in nature

Synonyms

9,10- dihydro-8a,10a-diazoniaphenanthrene 9,10- dihydro-8a,10a-diazoniaphenanthrene ion 6,7- dihydrodipyrido(1,2-a:2',1'-c)pyrazine diylium 6,7- dihydrodipyrido(1,2-a:2',1'-c)pyrazine-5,8-di-ium 6,7- dihydrodipyrido(1,2-a:2',1'-c)pyrazinediium 6,7- dihydrodipyrido(1,2-a:2',1'-c)pyrazinediylium 6,7- dihydrodipyrido[1,2-b:1',2'-e]pyrazine-5,8-diium dipyrido(1,2-a:2',1'-c)pyrazinediium, 6,7-dihydro- dipyrido(1,2-a:2',1'-c)pyrazinediium, 6,7-dihydro- (8CI)(9CI) PubMed: Cloud point sample clean-up and capillary zone electrophoresis with field enhanced sample injection and micelle to solvent stacking for the analysis of herbicides in milk. PubMed: Rapid detection of pesticides not amenable to multi-residue methods by flow injection-tandem mass spectrometry. PubMed: Development and independent laboratory validation of a simple method for the determination of paraquat and diquat in potato, cereals and pulses. PubMed: Rapid fluorescence determination of diquat herbicide in food grains using quantum dots as new reducing agent. PubMed: Wheat bran protects Fischer-344 rats from diquat-induced oxidative stress by activating antioxidant system: selenium as an antioxidant. PubMed: Modelling effects of diquat under realistic exposure patterns in genetically differentiated populations of the gastropod Lymnaea stagnalis. PubMed: Competitive and non-competitive adsorption/desorption of paraquat, diquat and difenzoquat in vineyard-devoted soils. PubMed: Protective effects of Forsythia suspensa extract against oxidative stress induced by diquat in rats. PubMed: Effect of organic matter and iron oxides on quaternary herbicide sorption-desorption in vineyard-devoted soils. PubMed: Quaternary herbicides retention by the amendment of acid soils with a bentonite-based waste from wineries. PubMed: Supercritical fluid extraction as an on-line clean-up technique for rapid amperometric screening and alternative liquid chromatography for confirmation of paraquat and diquat in olive oil samples. PubMed: Determination of quaternary ammonium herbicides in soils. Comparison of digestion, shaking and microwave-assisted extractions. PubMed: Occurrence and downslope mobilization of quaternary herbicide residues in vineyard-devoted soils. PubMed: Influence of copper on the adsorption and desorption of paraquat, diquat, and difenzoquat in vineyard acid soils. PubMed: Simultaneous determination of the herbicides diquat and paraquat in water. PubMed: Pathways involved in mild gastrointestinal inflammation induced by a low level exposure to a food contaminant. PubMed: Diquat poisoning of dairy cattle by topical application. PubMed: Chronic low-level administration of diquat increases the nociceptive response to gastric distension in rats: role of mast cells and tachykinin receptor activation. PubMed: Chronic ingestion of a potential food contaminant induces gastrointestinal inflammation in rats: role of nitric oxide and mast cells. PubMed: Adsorption and Interactions of Methyl Green with Montmorillonite and Sepiolite. PubMed: Selective kinetic determination of paraquat using long-wavelength fluorescence detection. PubMed: Determination of paraquat and diquat in low-moisture food crops using silica column cleanup and liquid chromatography with UV detection. PubMed: Liquid chromatographic determination of paraquat and diquat in crops using a silica column with aqueous ionic mobile phase. PubMed: Extraction of diquat with 1-butanol from biological materials. PubMed: Gas chromatographic determination of diquat and paraquat in crops. PubMed: Reverse-phase liquid chromatographic determination of paraquat and diquat in agricultural products. PubMed: Gas chromatographic determination of diquat residues in potato tubers. PubMed: Diquat and endothall: their fates in the environment. PubMed: Determination of diquat and paraquat residues in soil by gas chromatography. PubMed: Chromatographic parameters of the bisquaternary herbicides, paraquat and diquat. PubMed: [Quantitative determination of Diquat in biological material]. PubMed: Displacement of diquat from clay and its phytotoxicity. PubMed: Residues in herbage and silage and feeding experiments following the use of diquat as a desiccant. PubMed: Tissue and milk residues arising from the ingestion of single doses of diquat and paraquat by cattle.