Identification

Namelevulinic acid
IUPAC4-oxopentanoic acid
CAS Number123-76-2
EINECS204-649-2
FDA UNIIRYX5QG61EI
Molecular FormulaC5 H8 O3
Molecular Weight116.11636000
MDL NumberMFCD00002796
Nikkaji NumberJ10.067F
Beilstein0506796
CoE Number23
XlogP3-0.50 (est)

Regulatory

JECFA Food Flavoring606 levulinic acid
DG SANTE Food Flavourings08.023 4-oxovaleric acid
DG SANTE Food Contact Materials4-oxovaleric acid
FEMA Number2627
FDANo longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm (SATF)123-76-2 ; LEVULINIC ACID
FDA RegulationFDA PART 172 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION

Physical Properties

Appearance yellow to brown clear liquid (est)
Assay 97.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed No
Specific Gravity 1.13800 to 1.14800 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est). 9.469 to 9.553
Refractive Index 1.43500 to 1.44500 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point 30.00 to 33.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point 245.00 to 246.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure 0.011000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point 280.00 °F. TCC ( 137.78 °C. )
logP (o/w) -0.490
Soluble in alcohol
Insoluble in paraffin oil

Cosmetic Information

CosIngcosmetic data
Cosmetic Usesperfuming agents

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Strength medium
Substantivity 400 hour(s) at 20.00 %
Odor Description
at 100.00 %.
Sweet, guaiacol-like, creamy, acidic and slight vanillin-like
Odor sample from Sigma-Aldrich
Taste Description at 70.00 ppm.

Safety Information

Preferred SDSView
European informationMost important hazard(s):
Oral/Parenteral Toxicityoral-rat LD50 1850 mg/kg
Dermal Toxicityskin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg
Inhalation ToxicityNot determined

GHS Classification

['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']

Safety in Use

Categorycosmetic, flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety AssessmentSearch
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU)190.00 (μg/capita/day)
baked goods-
beverages(nonalcoholic)-
beverages(alcoholic)-
breakfast cereal-
cheese-
chewing gum-
condiments / relishes-
confectionery froastings-
egg products-
fats / oils-
fish products-
frozen dairy-
fruit ices-
gelatins / puddings-
granulated sugar-
gravies-
hard candy-
imitation dairy-
instant coffee / tea-
jams / jellies-
meat products-
milk products-
nut products-
other grains-
poultry-
processed fruits-
processed vegetables-
reconstituted vegetables-
seasonings / flavors-
snack foods-
soft candy-
soups-
sugar substitutes-
sweet sauces-

Advanced Biotech. Inc.

Inspired by Nature

A diverse range of products, all meeting our stringent commitment to quality.

View All Website 973-339-6242 info@adv-bio.com

Augustus Oils Ltd

The Premier Supplier

Augustus Oils Ltd, in harmony with nature - to present it at its best...

View All Website +44 (0)1420 590555 essentials@augustus-oils.ltd.uk

Beijing Lys Chemicals Co, LTD.

From Grams to Tons

Fine chemical high-tech company which contains R&D, production, and sales.

View All Website 86-10-68418738 jiayanyong@lyschem.com

BOC Sciences

Best of Chemicals Supplier

Quality supplier of research chemicals and biochemicals including inhibitors, building blocks, GMP Products, impurities and metabolites, APIs for Veterinary, Natural Compounds, ADCs, Stem Cell Molecul...

View All Website 1-631-485-4226 account@bocsci.com

Charkit Chemical Corporation

The Specialty Chemical Specialists

Explore this website to discover the products and services that Charkit provides for your industry and please contact us directly to find out how we can be of service to you.

View All Website 203-299-3220 sales@charkit.com

CJ Latta & Associates, LLC

Extensive Line

Aromatic Chemicals and Organic Acids.

View All Website (630) 240-8079 chiplatta@msn.com

Fleurchem, Inc.

Have A Flavorful Day

A leading global manufacturer and supplier of ingredients for Flavors, Fragrances, AromaTherapy, Foods, Beverages, Personal Care Products, and other uses.

View All Website 845-341-2100 info@fleurchem.com

FRUTAROM USA INC,

Flavor & Specialty Ingredients

Your preferred partner for flavour and fragrance success.

View All Website +44 (0) 1429 863 222 Sales.IFFIngredients@iff.com

Indukern, S.A. F&F Ingredients Division

Commitment to quality

Idukern F&F Ingredients is your partner for the fragrance and flavor ingredients.

View All Website +34 93 506 91 00 info@indukern.es

Lluch Essence S.L.

A family company dedicated to sales and distribution

Flexibility, availability, price and quality.

View All Website 34 93 379 38 49 web@lluche.com

M&U International LLC

Steady supply & demand

Meeting customers increasing demands at home as well as abroad.

View All Website 908-359-9000 sales@mu-intel.com

O'Laughlin Industries Inc.

Manufacturer of chemicals and ingredients used in flavors, fragrances, food, beverages and cosmetics

Leading the Flavor and Fragrance Industry since 1980.

View All Website (973) 376-4600 olcorphk@hkstar.com

Penta International Corporation

Chemistry innovation

At Penta, our products and services help businesses do business better.

View All Website (973) 740-2300 lisaa@pentamfg.com

Sigma-Aldrich

Complete Supply Chain

The perfect blend of products and services that bring your creativity to life.

View All Website 800-244-1173 ff@sial.com

SRS Aromatics Ltd

For over 25 years

Bringing flavour and fragrance into your world.

View All Website +44 (0) 1284 704076 info@srsaromatics.co.uk

Synerzine, Inc.

Innovation. Customization. Aroma Ingredients.

Synerzine is a leading supplier of flavor and fragrance ingredients.

View All Website (404) 524-6744 info@synerzine.com

TCI AMERICA

Moving Your Chemistry Forward

We continuously strive to advance our technology.

View All Website 1-800-423-8616 Sales-US@TCIchemicals.com;

Qingdao Free Trade Zone United International Co Ltd

Quality Products

A partner in your supply chain solution.

View All Website +86-532-83893699 info@unitedint.com

Vigon International

Passion for Simplicity

Manufacturer and supplier of high quality flavor and fragrance ingredients.

View All Website 570-476-6300 sales@vigon.com

WholeChem, LLC

Connecting Innovators To the Building Blocks Of the Universe

Custom manufacturer and distributor of specialty ingredients. We make global local.

View All Website +1 (262) 995.8668 info@wholechem.com

Potential Uses

FL butterscotch FL caramel FL maple skin conditioning FL sugar brown sugar

Natural Occurrence

bread wheat bread PMC papaya fruit quince fruit rice sake PMC

Synonyms

acetopropionic acid 3- acetyl propionic acid beta- acetyl propionic acid 3- acetyl propionsaeure 3- acetylpropionic acid b- acetylpropionic acid 3- acetylpropionsaeure acidum laevulinicum antithermin 3-keto butane-1-carboxylic acid laevulic acid laevulinic acid levulic acid levulinic acid natural 4-keto pentanoic acid 4-oxo pentanoic acid gamma-oxo pentanoic acid pentanoic acid, 4-oxo- propionic acid, 3-acetyl- 4-keto valeric acid 4-oxo valeric acid g-keto valeric acid gamma-keto valeric acid valeric acid, 4-oxo- PubMed: Sunflower-based biorefinery: Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) production from crude glycerol, sunflower meal and levulinic acid. PubMed: Efficacy of wash solutions in recovering Cyclospora cayetanensis, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Toxoplasma gondii from basil. PubMed: Tolerance of the nanocellulose-producing bacterium Gluconacetobacter xylinus to lignocellulose-derived acids and aldehydes. PubMed: Wheat bran biorefinery: an investigation on the starch derived glucose extraction accompanied by pre- and post-treatment steps. PubMed: Immersion in antimicrobial solutions reduces Salmonella enterica and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli on beef cheek meat. PubMed: Reductions of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium on beef trim by lactic acid, levulinic acid, and sodium dodecyl sulfate treatments. PubMed: Transfer of foodborne pathogens during mechanical slicing and their inactivation by levulinic acid-based sanitizer on slicers. PubMed: Efficacy of a Levulinic Acid Plus Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS)-Based Sanitizer on Inactivation of Influenza A Virus on Eggshells. PubMed: Evaluation of levulinic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate as a sanitizer for use in processing Georgia-grown cantaloupes. PubMed: Additive approach for inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Shigella spp. on contaminated fresh fruits and vegetables using bacteriophage cocktail and produce wash. PubMed: Efficacy of sanitizers in reducing Salmonella on pecan nutmeats during cracking and shelling. PubMed: Effects of buffered vinegar and sodium dodecyl sulfate plus levulinic acid on Salmonella Typhimurium survival, shelf-life, and sensory characteristics of ground beef patties. PubMed: Feasibility of anaerobic digestion from bioethanol fermentation residue. PubMed: Reactivity of thermally treated α-dicarbonyl compounds. PubMed: Sanitizer efficacy against murine norovirus, a surrogate for human norovirus, on stainless steel surfaces when using three application methods. PubMed: Evaluation of sanitizers for inactivating Salmonella on in-shell pecans and pecan nutmeats. PubMed: Efficacy of a levulinic acid plus sodium dodecyl sulfate-based sanitizer on inactivation of human norovirus surrogates. PubMed: Inactivation of salmonella on tomato stem scars by edible chitosan and organic Acid coatings. PubMed: Inactivation of salmonella in biofilms and on chicken cages and preharvest poultry by levulinic Acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate. PubMed: Effect of pretreatment severity on the conversion of barley straw to fermentable substrates and the release of inhibitory compounds. PubMed: Acids in combination with sodium dodecyl sulfate caused quality deterioration of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce during storage in modified atmosphere package. PubMed: Organic acids associated with saccharification of cellulosic wastes during solid-state fermentation. PubMed: Efficacy of washing meat surfaces with 2% levulinic, acetic, or lactic acid for pathogen decontamination and residual growth inhibition. PubMed: Efficacy of levulinic acid-sodium dodecyl sulfate against Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Cryptosporidium parvum. PubMed: Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium DT 104 on alfalfa seeds by levulinic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate. PubMed: Thermal degradation characteristics and antioxidant activity of fructose solution with heating temperature and time. PubMed: Hydrolysis behavior of bamboo fiber in formic acid reaction system. PubMed: Sucrose: A prospering and sustainable organic raw material. PubMed: Inactivation of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on lettuce and poultry skin by combinations of levulinic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate. PubMed: Control of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meats containing sodium levulinate, sodium lactate, or a combination of sodium lactate and sodium diacetate. PubMed: Ester hydroxy derivatives of methyl oleate: tribological, oxidation and low temperature properties. PubMed: Interference by methyl levulinate in determination of total fat in low-fat, high-sugar products by gas chromatographic fatty acid methyl ester (GC-FAME) analysis. PubMed: Marginal zinc deficiency and changes in behavioral salt taste threshold and salt preference in mice. PubMed: [Turnover of microsomal hemeproteins in the guinea pig liver during food sensitization]. PubMed: [Influence of theophylline on hexachlorobenzene induced porphyria (author's transl)].