2-pentenal
3-ethyl-2-propenal
Identification
| Name | 2-pentenal |
| IUPAC | pent-2-enal |
| CAS Number | 764-39-6 |
| EINECS | 212-120-2 |
| FDA UNII | Search |
| Molecular Formula | C5 H8 O |
| Molecular Weight | 84.11796000 |
| CoE Number | 10375 |
Regulatory
| JECFA Food Flavoring | 1364 2-pentenal |
| DG SANTE Food Flavourings | 05.102 pent-2-enal |
| FEMA Number | 3218 |
| FDA | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| FDA Mainterm (SATF) | 764-39-6 ; 2-PENTENAL |
Physical Properties
| Appearance | colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est) |
| Assay | 98.00 to 100.00 |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed | No |
| Specific Gravity | 0.85000 to 0.85600 @ 21.00 °C. |
| Pounds per Gallon - (est). | 7.073 to 7.123 |
| Refractive Index | 1.44000 to 1.44700 @ 21.00 °C. |
| Boiling Point | 123.00 to 124.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg |
| Acid Value | 5.00 max. KOH/g |
| Vapor Pressure | 11.451000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Flash Point | 73.00 °F. TCC ( 22.78 °C. ) |
| logP (o/w) | 1.281 (est) |
| Soluble in | alcohol |
| Insoluble in | water |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Description | at 1.00 % in dipropylene glycol. |
Safety Information
| Preferred SDS | View |
| European information | Most important hazard(s): |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity | intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 244 mg/kg |
| Dermal Toxicity | Not determined |
| Inhalation Toxicity | Not determined |
GHS Classification
['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']
Safety in Use
| Category | flavor and fragrance agents |
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment | Search |
| Recommendation for 2-pentenal usage levels up to | 0.5000 % in the fragrance concentrate. |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU) | 0.37 (μg/capita/day) |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA) | 0.10 (μg/capita/day) |
| Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI) | 1500 (μg/person/day) |
| Threshold of Concern | 1800 (μg/person/day) |
| Structure Class | I |
| baked goods | - |
| beverages(nonalcoholic) | - |
| beverages(alcoholic) | - |
| breakfast cereal | - |
| cheese | - |
| chewing gum | - |
| condiments / relishes | - |
| confectionery froastings | - |
| egg products | - |
| fats / oils | - |
| fish products | - |
| frozen dairy | - |
| fruit ices | - |
| gelatins / puddings | - |
| granulated sugar | - |
| gravies | - |
| hard candy | - |
| imitation dairy | - |
| instant coffee / tea | - |
| jams / jellies | - |
| meat products | - |
| milk products | - |
| nut products | - |
| other grains | - |
| poultry | - |
| processed fruits | - |
| processed vegetables | - |
| reconstituted vegetables | - |
| seasonings / flavors | - |
| snack foods | - |
| soft candy | - |
| soups | - |
| sugar substitutes | - |
| sweet sauces | - |
| Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0) | 3.70000 |
| Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0) | - |
| Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0) | - |
| Processed fruit (04.1) | - |
| Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2) | - |
| Confectionery (05.0) | 6.50000 |
| Chewing gum (05.3) | - |
| Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0) | 2.32000 |
| Bakery wares (07.0) | 7.08000 |
| Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0) | - |
| Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0) | - |
| Eggs and egg products (10.0) | - |
| Sweeteners, including honey (11.0) | - |
| Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0) | - |
| Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0) | - |
| Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1) | 1.01000 |
| Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2) | 2.00000 |
| Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0) | - |
| Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0) | - |
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Potential Uses
Natural Occurrence
Synonyms
3-
ethyl acrolein
3-
ethyl-2-propenal
3-
ethylacrolein
3-
ethylprop-2-enal
gamma-
methyl crotonaldehyde
pent-2-enal
2-
penten-1-al
PubMed:
Chemometric tools to highlight possible migration of compounds from packaging to sunflower oils.
PubMed:
Effect of the inclusion of chestnut in the finishing diet on volatile compounds during the manufacture of dry-cured "Lacón" from Celta pig breed.
PubMed:
Isomerisation and controlled condensation in an aqueous medium of allyl alcohol catalysed by new water-soluble rhodium complexes with 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA).
PubMed:
Effect of storage time and heat processing on the volatile profile of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858) muscle.
PubMed:
Control of Panama disease of banana by rotating and intercropping with Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler): role of plant volatiles.
PubMed:
Effects of aliphatic aldehydes on the growth and patulin production of Penicillium expansum in apple juice.
PubMed:
Novel approach for the determination of volatile compounds in processed onion by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS GC-MS).
PubMed:
Volatile generation in bell peppers during frozen storage and thawing using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS).
PubMed:
Kinetics studies of the gas-phase reactions of NO3 radicals with series of 1-alkenes, dienes, cycloalkenes, alkenols, and alkenals.
PubMed:
Amino acid catalysis of 2-alkylfuran formation from lipid oxidation-derived α,β-unsaturated aldehydes.
PubMed:
Effect of enzyme activity and frozen storage on jalapeño pepper volatiles by selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry.
PubMed:
Biotechnological process for obtaining new fermented products from cashew apple fruit by Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains.
PubMed:
Freshness characterisation of whiting (Merlangius merlangus) using an SPME/GC/MS method and a statistical multivariate approach.
PubMed:
Kinetics and mechanism of the atmospheric reactions of atomic chlorine with 1-penten-3-ol and (Z)-2-penten-1-ol: an experimental and theoretical study.
PubMed:
A general route to fully terminally tert-butylated linear polyenes.
PubMed:
Selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry for absolute quantification of aroma compounds in the headspace of dry fermented sausages.
PubMed:
Comparison of tomatillo and tomato volatile compounds in the headspace by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS).
PubMed:
Kinetics and products of the reactions of oh radicals with 4,4-dimethyl-1-pentene and 3,3-dimethylbutanal at 296 +/- 2 K.
PubMed:
Reversible chemical step and rate-limiting enzyme regeneration in the reaction catalyzed by formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase.
PubMed:
Effect of temperature on lipid-related volatile production in tomato puree.
PubMed:
Degradation of sulfide linkages between isoprenes by lipid peroxidation catalyzed by manganese peroxidase.
PubMed:
Involvement of methemoglobin (MetHb) formation and hemin loss in the pro-oxidant activity of fish hemoglobins.
PubMed:
[Chemical composition of the virgin oil obtained by mechanical pressing form several grape seed varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) with emphasis on minor constituents].
PubMed:
Multiple cation channels mediate increases in intracellular calcium induced by the volatile irritant, trans-2-pentenal in rat trigeminal neurons.
PubMed:
Experimental confirmation of the dicarbonyl route in the photo-oxidation of toluene and benzene.
PubMed:
Photolysis of 4-oxo-2-pentenal in the 190-460 nm region.
PubMed:
Studies on the aroma of maté (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) using headspace solid-phase microextraction.
PubMed:
Rate coefficients for the reaction of OH with (E)-2-pentenal, (E)-2-hexenal, and (E)-2-heptenal.
PubMed:
The atmospheric photolysis of E-2-hexenal, Z-3-hexenal and E,E-2,4-hexadienal.
PubMed:
Analysis of volatile compounds as spoilage indicators in fresh king salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) during storage using SPME-GC-MS.
PubMed:
Changes induced by UV radiation during virgin olive oil storage.
PubMed:
Emission of herbivore-induced volatiles in absence of a herbivore--response of Zea mays to green leaf volatiles and terpenoids.
PubMed:
Formation of modified cytosine residues in the presence of depurinated DNA.
PubMed:
Formation of volatile compounds in model experiments with crude leek (Allium ampeloprasum Var. Lancelot) enzyme extract and linoleic acid or linolenic acid.
PubMed:
Endogenous formation of protein adducts with carcinogenic aldehydes: implications for oxidative stress.
PubMed:
Volatile aldehydes are promising broad-spectrum postharvest insecticides.
PubMed:
Development of oxidized odor and volatile aldehydes in fermented cucumber tissue exposed to oxygen.
PubMed:
Purification and characterization of Thermotoga maritima endonuclease IV, a thermostable apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease and 3'-repair diesterase.
PubMed:
Exonuclease IX of Escherichia coli removes 3' phosphoglycolate end groups from DNA.
PubMed:
Exonuclease IX of Escherichia coli.
PubMed:
In vivo absorption, metabolism, and urinary excretion of alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes in experimental animals. Relevance to the development of cardiovascular diseases by the dietary ingestion of thermally stressed polyunsaturate-rich culinary oils.
PubMed:
The yeast 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (Ogg1) contains a DNA deoxyribophosphodiesterase (dRpase) activity.
PubMed:
Enzymatic synthesis of diastereospecific carbacephem intermediates using serine hydroxymethyltransferase.
PubMed:
Total synthesis of C31-methyl ketone apocarotenoids. 3. On the structure of hopkinsiaxanthin: first total synthesis of (all-E)-(3S)- and (9Z)-(3S)-7'-apohopkinsiaxanthin.
PubMed:
The Drosophila ribosomal protein S3 contains a DNA deoxyribophosphodiesterase (dRpase) activity.
PubMed:
Liquid chromatography--electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection of an ethenodeoxyguanosine adduct and its hemiaminal precursors in DNA reacted with alpha-acetoxy-N-nitrosopiperidine and cis-4-Oxo-2-pentenal.
PubMed:
3'- and 5'-strand cleavage reactions catalyzed by the Fpg protein from Escherichia coli occur via successive beta- and delta-elimination mechanisms, respectively.
PubMed:
Expression in Escherichia coli of a rat cDNA encoding an apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease.
PubMed:
Atmospheric Chemistry of Unsaturated Carbonyls: Butenedial, 4-Oxo-2-pentenal, 3-Hexene-2,5-dione, Maleic Anhydride, 3H-Furan-2-one, and 5-Methyl-3H-furan-2-one.
PubMed:
Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA binding protein stimulates the DNA deoxyribophosphodiesterase activity of exonuclease I.
PubMed:
Identification and characterization of deoxyguanosine adducts of mutagenic beta-alkyl-substituted acrolein congeners.
PubMed:
Purification, crystallization and space group determination of DNA repair enzyme exonuclease III from E. coli.
PubMed:
Efficiency of DNA-histone crosslinking induced by saturated and unsaturated aldehydes in vitro.
PubMed:
DNA deoxyribophosphodiesterase of Escherichia coli is associated with exonuclease I.
PubMed:
Reaction of alpha-acetoxy-N-nitrosopiperidine with deoxyguanosine: oxygen-dependent formation of 4-oxo-2-pentenal and a 1,N2-ethenodeoxyguanosine adduct.
PubMed:
Excision of sugar-phosphate products at apurinic/apyrimidinic sites by DNA deoxyribophosphodiesterase of Escherichia coli.
PubMed:
Increased sterol biosynthesis in tobacco calli resistant to a triazole herbicide which inhibits demethylation of 14α-methyl sterols.
PubMed:
Mutagenicity of beta-alkyl substituted acrolein congeners in the Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 and genotoxicity testing in the SOS chromotest.
PubMed:
Inhibition of microsomal glucose 6-phosphatase by unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes and ketones.
PubMed:
Processing of model single-strand breaks in phi X-174 RF transfecting DNA by Escherichia coli.
PubMed:
Mutation induction in Chinese hamster lung V79 cells by five alk-2-enals produced by lipid peroxidation.
PubMed:
Inhibition by aldehydes as a possible further mechanism for glucose-6-phosphatase inactivation during CCl4-poisoning.
PubMed:
[Breakdown of linoleic and linolenic acid hydroperoxides in the presence of ascorbic acid analysis of the volatile aldehydes (author's transl)].
PubMed:
2-Alkenal-scavenging ability of m-diphenols.