alpha-santalene
1,7-dimethyl-7-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-tricyclo[2.2.1.0(2,6)]heptane
Identification
| Name | alpha-santalene |
| IUPAC | 6,7-dimethyl-7-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-tricyclo[2.2.1.02,6]heptane |
| CAS Number | 512-61-8 |
| FDA UNII | CG25XV7SXN |
| Molecular Formula | C15 H24 |
| Molecular Weight | 204.35628000 |
| Nikkaji Number | J13.994G |
Regulatory
Physical Properties
| Appearance | colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est) |
| Assay | 95.00 to 100.00 |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed | No |
| Specific Gravity | 0.89500 to 0.90100 @ 25.00 °C. |
| Pounds per Gallon - (est). | 7.447 to 7.497 |
| Refractive Index | 1.48000 to 1.48600 @ 20.00 °C. |
| Boiling Point | 247.00 to 248.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.040000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Flash Point | 164.00 °F. TCC ( 73.33 °C. ) |
| logP (o/w) | 6.022 (est) |
| Soluble in | alcohol |
| Insoluble in | water |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Description | at 100.00 %. |
Safety Information
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity | Not determined |
| Dermal Toxicity | Not determined |
| Inhalation Toxicity | Not determined |
GHS Classification
['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']
Safety in Use
| Category | flavor and fragrance agents |
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment | Search |
| Recommendation for alpha-santalene usage levels up to | 5.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate. |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU) | 0.012 (μg/capita/day) |
| Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI) | 3900 (μg/person/day) |
| Threshold of Concern | 1800 (μg/person/day) |
| Structure Class | I |
| Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0) | 7.00000 |
| Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0) | 5.00000 |
| Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0) | 10.00000 |
| Processed fruit (04.1) | 7.00000 |
| Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2) | - |
| Confectionery (05.0) | 10.00000 |
| Chewing gum (05.3) | - |
| Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0) | 5.00000 |
| Bakery wares (07.0) | 10.00000 |
| Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0) | 2.00000 |
| Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0) | 2.00000 |
| Eggs and egg products (10.0) | - |
| Sweeteners, including honey (11.0) | - |
| Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0) | 5.00000 |
| Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0) | 10.00000 |
| Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1) | 5.00000 |
| Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2) | 10.00000 |
| Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0) | 20.00000 |
| Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0) | 5.00000 |
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Potential Uses
Natural Occurrence
Synonyms
(-)-1,7-
dimethyl-7-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-tricyclo(2.2.1.0(2,6))heptane
1,7-
dimethyl-7-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-tricyclo[2.2.1.0(2,6)]heptane
6,7-
dimethyl-7-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-tricyclo[2.2.1.02,6]heptane
alpha-
santal-10-ene
(-)-alpha-
santalene
a-
santalene
PubMed:
Biosynthesis of Sandalwood Oil: Santalum album CYP76F cytochromes P450 produce santalols and bergamotol.
PubMed:
Molecular regulation of santalol biosynthesis in Santalum album L.
PubMed:
Essential oils from five species of Annonaceae from Vietnam.
PubMed:
Establishing a platform cell factory through engineering of yeast acetyl-CoA metabolism.
PubMed:
Revisiting sesquiterpene biosynthetic pathways leading to santalene and its analogues: a comprehensive mechanistic study.
PubMed:
Combined metabolic engineering of precursor and co-factor supply to increase α-santalene production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
PubMed:
Preparative separation of α- and β-santalenes and (Z)-α- and (Z)-β-santalols using silver nitrate-impregnated silica gel medium pressure liquid chromatography and analysis of sandalwood oil.
PubMed:
Characterization of two genes for the biosynthesis of the labdane diterpene Z-abienol in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) glandular trichomes.
PubMed:
Sesquiterpenes from the inner bark of the silver birch and the paper birch.
PubMed:
Dynamic control of gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae engineered for the production of plant sesquitepene α-santalene in a fed-batch mode.
PubMed:
Theoretical calculations on carbocations involved in the biosynthesis of bergamotenes and related terpenes--the same and not the same.
PubMed:
Comparison of the essential oils of leaves and stem bark from two different populations of Drimys winteri a Chilean herbal medicine.
PubMed:
Sandalwood fragrance biosynthesis involves sesquiterpene synthases of both the terpene synthase (TPS)-a and TPS-b subfamilies, including santalene synthases.
PubMed:
Chemical composition and larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae of essential oils from four Guarea species.
PubMed:
Comparative study of chemical composition and antioxidant activity of fresh and dry rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.).
PubMed:
A novel pathway for sesquiterpene biosynthesis from Z,Z-farnesyl pyrophosphate in the wild tomato Solanum habrochaites.
PubMed:
Antioxidant, alpha-amylase inhibitory and brine-shrimp toxicity studies on Centaurea centaurium L. methanolic root extract.
PubMed:
Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Teucrium marum (Lamiaceae).
PubMed:
Composition and some biological activities of the essential oils from an African pasture grass: Elionurus elegans Kunth.
PubMed:
Genetic control and evolution of sesquiterpene biosynthesis in Lycopersicon esculentum and L. hirsutum.
PubMed:
Chemical variability of the volatile metabolites from the Caribbean corals of the genus Gorgonia.
PubMed:
Analysis of fragrance compounds in blood samples of mice by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, GC/FTIR and GC/AES after inhalation of sandalwood oil.
PubMed:
Anti-inflammatory activity of extracts from Conyza canadensis.
PubMed:
Synthesis of campherenone, epicampherenone, beta-santalene, epi-beta-santalene, alpha-santalene, ylangocamphor, copacamphor, and sativene.
PubMed:
Microbiological transformations of terpenes. III. Transformations of some mono- and sesqui-terpenes.