leucic acid

pentanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-4-methyl-

CAS: 498-36-2 C6 H12 O3 MW: 132.15924000

Identification

Nameleucic acid
IUPAC2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid
CAS Number498-36-2
EINECS207-860-8
FDA UNII8RN4NSX3TY
Molecular FormulaC6 H12 O3
Molecular Weight132.15924000
MDL NumberMFCD00004246
Nikkaji NumberJ6.108E
CoE Number10118

Regulatory

DG SANTE Food Flavourings08.090 2-hydroxy-4-methylvaleric acid

Physical Properties

Appearance colorless solid (est)
Assay 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed No
Melting Point 76.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point 249.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure 0.003000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point 248.00 °F. TCC ( 120.00 °C. )
logP (o/w) 0.522 (est)
Soluble in alcohol

No sensory data available

Safety Information

Preferred SDSView
European informationMost important hazard(s):
Oral/Parenteral ToxicityNot determined
Dermal ToxicityNot determined
Inhalation ToxicityNot determined

GHS Classification

['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']

Safety in Use

Categorynatural substances and extractives
Recommendation for leucic acid usage levels up tonot for fragrance use.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU)0.0012 (μg/capita/day)
Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI)3800 (μg/person/day)
Threshold of Concern1800 (μg/person/day)
Structure ClassI
Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0)3.00000
Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0)2.00000
Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0)3.00000
Processed fruit (04.1)2.00000
Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2)-
Confectionery (05.0)10.00000
Chewing gum (05.3)-
Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0)5.00000
Bakery wares (07.0)10.00000
Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0)2.00000
Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0)-
Eggs and egg products (10.0)-
Sweeteners, including honey (11.0)-
Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0)5.00000
Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0)10.00000
Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1)5.00000
Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2)10.00000
Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0)15.00000
Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0)5.00000

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Potential Uses

None Found

Natural Occurrence

found in nature

Synonyms

2- hydroxy-4-methyl pentanoic acid 2- hydroxy-4-methyl valeric acid 2- hydroxy-4-methyl-D-valeric acid 2- hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid DL-2- hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid 2- hydroxy-4-methylvaleric acid 2- hydroxyhexanoic acid 2- hydroxyisocaproic acid a- hydroxyisocaproic acid alpha- hydroxyisocaproic acid DL-2- hydroxyisocaproic acid DL-a- hydroxyisocaproic acid 2- hydroxyisohexanoic acid DL- leucate dextro,laevo- leucic acid DL- leucic acid DL- leucicacid leucinic acid 4- methyl-2-hydroxypentanoic acid pentanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-4-methyl- pentanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-4-methyl-, (±)- PubMed: Investigation of the presence of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid and α-hydroxyisocaproic acid in bovine whole milk and fermented dairy products by a validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. PubMed: Combining chemoinformatics with bioinformatics: in silico prediction of bacterial flavor-forming pathways by a chemical systems biology approach "reverse pathway engineering". PubMed: 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid is fungicidal for Candida and Aspergillus species. PubMed: Chronic α-hydroxyisocaproic acid treatment improves muscle recovery after immobilization-induced atrophy. PubMed: Synergistic effect of a novel cyclic pentadepsipeptide, neoN-methylsansalvamide, and paclitaxel on human multidrug resistance cancer cell lines. PubMed: Biosynthesis of Athmu, a α,γ-hydroxy-β-amino acid of pahayokolides A-B. PubMed: Structural analysis of a new cytotoxic demethylated analogue of neo-N-methylsansalvamide with a different peptide sequence produced by Fusarium solani isolated from potato. PubMed: 2-Hydroxyisocaproic acid (HICA): a new potential topical antibacterial agent. PubMed: Regulatory phenotyping reveals important diversity within the species Lactococcus lactis. PubMed: Pleofungins, novel inositol phosphorylceramide synthase inhibitors, from Phoma sp. SANK 13899. II. Structural elucidation. PubMed: Biosynthetic characterization and chemoenzymatic assembly of the cryptophycins. Potent anticancer agents from cyanobionts. PubMed: Intrahippocampal administration of the branched-chain alpha-hydroxy acids accumulating in maple syrup urine disease compromises rat performance in aversive and non-aversive behavioral tasks. PubMed: Probing the role of a conserved M1 proline residue in 5-hydroxytryptamine(3) receptor gating. PubMed: Enantioselective multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the analysis of urinary organic acids. PubMed: Conformational study of two linear hexapeptides by two-dimensional NMR and computer-simulated modeling: implication for peptide cyclization in solution. PubMed: Alpha-keto and alpha-hydroxy branched-chain acid interrelationships in normal humans. PubMed: Alpha-keto acids are novel siderophores in the genera Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella and are produced by amino acid deaminases. PubMed: In vivo characteristics of low molecular weight copolymers composed of L-lactic acid and various DL-hydroxy acids as biodegradable carriers for drug delivery systems. PubMed: Bioactivation mechanism of L-thiomorpholine-3-carboxylic acid. PubMed: [The growth of rats in renal compensatory adaptation in feeding with a supplemented diet of hydroxy-analogs of essential amino acids]. PubMed: Steric course of the rhodium-catalyzed decarbonylation of chiral 4-methyl-[1-3H,2-2H1]pentanal. PubMed: Urinary D-4-hydroxyphenyllactate, D-phenyllactate and D-2-hydroxyisocaproate, abnormalities of bacterial origin. PubMed: Continuous enzymatically catalyzed production of L-leucine from the corresponding racemic hydroxy acid. PubMed: Severe illness caused by the products of bacterial metabolism in a child with a short gut. PubMed: Hydroxy acid metabolites of branched-chain amino acids in amniotic fluid. PubMed: [1-Desaminopenicillamine, 8-alpha-hydroxyisocaproic acid] oxytocin. A selective inhibitor in rats of the uterine response to oxytocin. PubMed: Biofunctional evaluation of two hydrogen bonds stabilizing the beta-turn in the acyclic component of oxytocin. PubMed: Studies of urinary organic acid profiles of a patient with dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase deficiency. PubMed: Comparative utilization of the alpha-keto and D- and L-alpha-hydroxy analogs of leucine, isoleucine and valine by chicks and rats. PubMed: Synthesis of [8-alpha-hydroxyisocaproic acid]oxytocin. Biological activities and comparison of its in vivo uterine actions to those of deamino-[8-alpha-hydroxyisocaproic acid]oxytocin, deamino-oxytocin and oxytocin. PubMed: Biofunctional evaluation of a hydrogen bond linking the ring and tail beta-turns of oxytocin. PubMed: Replacement of L-phenylalanine and L-leucine by alpha-hydroxy analogues in the diets of germfree rats.