laevo-glutamic acid
L-glutamic acid
Identification
| Name | laevo-glutamic acid |
| IUPAC | (2S)-2-aminopentanedioic acid |
| CAS Number | 56-86-0 |
| EINECS | 200-293-7 |
| FDA UNII | 3KX376GY7L |
| Molecular Formula | C5 H9 N O4 |
| Molecular Weight | 147.13053000 |
| MDL Number | MFCD00002634 |
| Nikkaji Number | J9.171E |
| Beilstein | 1723801 |
| CoE Number | 10100 |
| XlogP3 | -3.70 (est) |
Regulatory
| FDA/DG SANTE Petitions, Reviews, Notices | 182.1045 |
| JECFA Food Flavoring | 1420 L-glutamic acid |
| JECFA Food Additive | L-Glutamic Acid |
| GSFA Codex | L(+)-Glutamic acid (620) |
| DG SANTE Food Additives | L-glutamic acid |
| FEMA Number | 3285 |
| FDA | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| FDA Mainterm (SATF) | 56-86-0 ; L-GLUTAMIC ACID |
| FDA Regulation | FDA PART 172 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION |
Physical Properties
| Appearance | white crystalline powder (est) |
| Assay | 99.00 to 100.00 |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed | Yes |
| Melting Point | 247.00 to 249.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point | 175.00 °C. @ 10.00 mm Hg |
| Flash Point | > 230.00 °F. TCC ( > 110.00 °C. ) |
| logP (o/w) | -0.969 (est) |
| Soluble in | water, 9.416e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
| Insoluble in | alcohol |
Cosmetic Information
| CosIng | cosmetic data |
| Cosmetic Uses | antistatic agents |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Strength | low |
| Odor Description | at 100.00 %. |
Safety Information
| Preferred SDS | View |
| European information | Most important hazard(s): |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity | oral-rat LD50 > 30000 mg/kg |
| Dermal Toxicity | Not determined |
| Inhalation Toxicity | Not determined |
GHS Classification
['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']
Safety in Use
| Category | flavor enhancers, salt substitute |
| Recommendation for laevo-glutamic acid usage levels up to | not for fragrance use. |
| baked goods | 1400.00000 |
| beverages(nonalcoholic) | 400.00000 |
| beverages(alcoholic) | 60.00000 |
| breakfast cereal | 600.00000 |
| cheese | 1400.00000 |
| chewing gum | 100.00000 |
| condiments / relishes | 2000.00000 |
| confectionery froastings | 300.00000 |
| egg products | 1000.00000 |
| fats / oils | 200.00000 |
| fish products | 1000.00000 |
| frozen dairy | 1400.00000 |
| fruit ices | 200.00000 |
| gelatins / puddings | 200.00000 |
| granulated sugar | - |
| gravies | 1400.00000 |
| hard candy | 200.00000 |
| imitation dairy | 1400.00000 |
| instant coffee / tea | 300.00000 |
| jams / jellies | 300.00000 |
| meat products | 1400.00000 |
| milk products | 1400.00000 |
| nut products | 300.00000 |
| other grains | 300.00000 |
| poultry | 1000.00000 |
| processed fruits | 60.00000 |
| processed vegetables | 300.00000 |
| reconstituted vegetables | 200.00000 |
| seasonings / flavors | 20000.00000 |
| snack foods | 2000.00000 |
| soft candy | 200.00000 |
| soups | 1000.00000 |
| sugar substitutes | 200.00000 |
| sweet sauces | 200.00000 |
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Potential Uses
Natural Occurrence
Synonyms
(S)-2-
aminoglutaric acid
(2S)-2-
aminopentanedioic acid
(S)-2-
aminopentanedioic acid
(S)-(+)-
glutamic acid
L-
glutamic acid
L-(+)-
glutamic acid
L-
glutamic acid fcc base
L-
glutamic acid FCC, natural
glutamic acid, (S)-
glutamic acid, L-
PubMed:
Umami evaluation in taste epithelium on microelectrode array by extracellular electrophysiological recording.
PubMed:
Production and optimization of L-glutaminase enzyme from Hypocrea jecorina pure culture.
PubMed:
Kokumi-active glutamyl peptides in cheeses and their biogeneration by Penicillium roquefortii.
PubMed:
II. Glutamine and glutamate.
PubMed:
Glutamate and the flavor of foods.
PubMed:
Improved Production of Poly-gamma-Glutamic Acid by Bacillus subtilis D7 Isolated from Doenjang, a Korean Traditional Fermented Food, and Its Antioxidant Activity.
PubMed:
Enzymatic production of alpha-ketoglutaric acid from l-glutamic acid via l-glutamate oxidase.
PubMed:
Identifying key non-volatile compounds in ready-to-drink green tea and their impact on taste profile.
PubMed:
The effects of glycine, L-threonine, and L-cystine supplementation to a 9% casein diet on the conversions of L-tryptophan to nicotinamide and to serotonin in rats.
PubMed:
CuInS(2) quantum dots/poly((L)-glutamic acid)-drug conjugates for drug delivery and cell imaging.
PubMed:
pH-Sensitive nano-systems for drug delivery in cancer therapy.
PubMed:
Ingestion of bacterial lipopolysaccharide inhibits peripheral taste responses to sucrose in mice.
PubMed:
Specific amino acids inhibit food intake via the area postrema or vagal afferents.
PubMed:
Umami evaluation in taste epithelium on microelectrode array by extracellular electrophysiological recording.
PubMed:
Effect of metformin on the urinary metabolites of diet-induced-obese mice studied by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF/MS).
PubMed:
Recombinant expression, purification and characterisation of the native glutamate racemase from Lactobacillus plantarum NC8.
PubMed:
Effects of L-theanine or caffeine intake on changes in blood pressure under physical and psychological stresses.
PubMed:
Novel synthesis of steryl esters from phytosterols and amino Acid.
PubMed:
Folate analysis in foods by UPLC-MS/MS: development and validation of a novel, high throughput quantitative assay; folate levels determined in Australian fortified breads.
PubMed:
Antiadhesion as a functional concept for prevention of pathogens: N-Phenylpropenoyl-L-amino acid amides as inhibitors of the Helicobacter pylori BabA outer membrane protein.
PubMed:
Twofold pH and temperature stimuli-responsive behaviour in block copolypeptide-decorated single wall carbon nanotubes.
PubMed:
The influence of monoacylglycerol and L-glutamic acid on the viscoelastic properties of wheat flour dough and sensory characteristics of French loaf product.
PubMed:
Comparison of genotypes of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis phage type 30 and 9c strains isolated during three outbreaks associated with raw almonds.
PubMed:
Enzymatic synthesis of theanine from glutamic acid γ-methyl ester and ethylamine by immobilized Escherichia coli cells with γ-glutamyltranspeptidase activity.
PubMed:
Directed assembly of carbon nanotubes on soft substrates for use as a flexible biosensor array.
PubMed:
Sensory-directed identification of beta-alanyl dipeptides as contributors to the thick-sour and white-meaty orosensation induced by chicken broth.
PubMed:
History of glutamate production.
PubMed:
Kokumi-active glutamyl peptides in cheeses and their biogeneration by Penicillium roquefortii.
PubMed:
Odor detection thresholds and enantiomeric distributions of several 4-alkyl substituted gamma-lactones in Australian red wine.
PubMed:
Enhanced production of poly (gamma-glutamic acid) from Bacillus licheniformis NCIM 2324 by using metabolic precursors.
PubMed:
Effects of cultivation conditions on the production of gamma-PGA with Bacillus subtilis ZJU-7.
PubMed:
Absorption of N-phenylpropenoyl-L-amino acids in healthy humans by oral administration of cocoa (Theobroma cacao).
PubMed:
Mechanism of the suppression against D-galactosamine-induced hepatic injury by dietary amino acids in rats.
PubMed:
Microstructure of poly(gamma-glutamic acid) produced by Bacillus subtilis consisting of clusters of D- and L-glutamic acid repeating units.
PubMed:
Luteimonas composti sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic bacterium isolated from food waste.
PubMed:
High-throughput microplate enzymatic assays for fast sugar and acid quantification in apple and tomato.
PubMed:
The influence of extrusion on loss and racemization of amino acids.
PubMed:
Antimicrobial polypeptide multilayer nanocoatings.
PubMed:
Characterization of gamma-glutamyl hydrolase produced by Bacillus sp. isolated from Thai Thua-nao.
PubMed:
Terminal nerve-derived neuropeptide y modulates physiological responses in the olfactory epithelium of hungry axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum).
PubMed:
Efficient production of poly-gamma-glutamic acid by Bacillus subtilis ZJU-7.
PubMed:
Quantitative studies, taste reconstitution, and omission experiments on the key taste compounds in morel mushrooms (Morchella deliciosa Fr.).
PubMed:
Synergistic interactions between commonly used food additives in a developmental neurotoxicity test.
PubMed:
[Media optimization for the novel antimicrobial peptide by Bacillus sp. fmbJ224].
PubMed:
Atopococcus tabaci gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel Gram-positive, catalase-negative, coccus-shaped bacterium isolated from tobacco.
PubMed:
Isolation, structure determination, synthesis, and sensory activity of N-phenylpropenoyl-L-amino acids from cocoa (Theobroma cacao).
PubMed:
Sensory-guided decomposition of roasted cocoa nibs (Theobroma cacao) and structure determination of taste-active polyphenols.
PubMed:
Activity-guided identification of (S)-malic acid 1-O-D-glucopyranoside (morelid) and gamma-aminobutyric acid as contributors to umami taste and mouth-drying oral sensation of morel mushrooms (Morchella deliciosa Fr.).
PubMed:
Glutathione: a review on biotechnological production.
PubMed:
Bioprocess monitoring using near-infrared spectroscopy.
PubMed:
Low molecular weight compounds responsible for savory taste of Indonesian soy sauce.
PubMed:
Application of stepwise discriminant analysis to classify commercial orange juices using chiral micellar electrokinetic chromatography-laser induced fluorescence data of amino acids.
PubMed:
Effect of the shear rate on pullulan production from beet molasses by Aureobasidium pullulans in an airlift reactor.
PubMed:
Monohydroxamates of aspartic acid and glutamic acid exhibit antioxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activities.
PubMed:
Discrimination between arabica and robusta coffee species on the basis of their amino acid enantiomers.
PubMed:
Industrial production of amino acids by coryneform bacteria.
PubMed:
Synthesis and sensory characterization of novel umami-tasting glutamate glycoconjugates.
PubMed:
Reaction of folic acid with reducing sugars and sugar degradation products.
PubMed:
Changes in nitrogen compounds in must and wine during fermentation and biological aging by flor yeasts.
PubMed:
Long-term zinc deficiency decreases taste sensitivity in rats.
PubMed:
Formation of Pentylpyridines in an Oil Medium.
PubMed:
Glutamate and the flavor of foods.
PubMed:
Metabolism of theanine, gamma-glutamylethylamide, in rats.
PubMed:
Pullulan production from deproteinized whey by Aureobasidium pullulans.
PubMed:
High-throughput flow-injection analysis of glucose and glutamate in food and biological samples by using enzyme/polyion complex-bilayer membrane-based electrodes as the detectors.
PubMed:
Aspartate dehydrogenase in vitamin B12-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae IFO 13541.
PubMed:
Effect of glutamic acid on broilers given submarginal crude protein with adequate essential amino acids using feeds high and low in potassium.
PubMed:
Mitigating the effects of halofuginone on skin strength by feeding L-proline to broiler chickens.
PubMed:
The addition of glutamic acid or protein to a threonine-deficient diet differentially affects growth performance and threonine dehydrogenase activity in fattening pigs.
PubMed:
The significance of apical K+ channels in mudpuppy feeding behavior.
PubMed:
Nutritional profile and antimicrobial spectrum of the spice Aframomum danielli K. Schum.
PubMed:
Interactive effects of dietary levels of tryptophan and protein on voluntary feed intake and growth performance in pigs, in relation to plasma free amino acids and hypothalamic serotonin.
PubMed:
Enzymatic determination of free glutamic acid in dried soups and in minced sausages: NMKL collaborative study.
PubMed:
Glutamic acid-induced shoot differentiation in tobacco callus tissues and changes in nicotine content and in activities of aminotransferases, ornithine transcarbamylase, and arginase.
PubMed:
Effects of l-glutamic acid diethyl ester on discrimination learning in rats.
PubMed:
Two proglumide analogues are equipotent antagonists of the inhibition of food intake by CCK-8.
PubMed:
[Toxicological characteristics of disodium salt of N-lauroyl-L-glutamic acid--a surface-active agent used in the food processing industry].
PubMed:
Effect of diets supplemented with amino acids on intestinal sucrase and leucine aminopeptidase activities in rats.