rebaudioside A
stevia – rebaudioside A (Reb A)
Identification
| Name | rebaudioside A |
| CAS Number | 58543-16-1 |
| FDA UNII | B3FUD0528F |
| Molecular Formula | C44 H70 O23 |
| Molecular Weight | 967.02350000 |
| MDL Number | MFCD02183463 |
| Beilstein | 6470556 |
Regulatory
| FDA/DG SANTE Petitions, Reviews, Notices | GRN 418 |
| DG SANTE Food Flavourings | 16.113 rebaudioside A |
| FEMA Number | 4601 |
| FDA | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| FDA Mainterm (SATF) | 58543-16-1 ; REBAUDIOSIDE A |
Physical Properties
| Appearance | white to off white powder (est) |
| Assay | 99.00 to 100.00 |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed | No |
| Melting Point | 242.00 to 244.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est), 210.00 to 215.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point | 1103.45 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est) |
| Flash Point | 608.00 °F. TCC ( 320.20 °C. ) (est) |
| logP (o/w) | -1.428 (est) |
| Soluble in | alcohol |
Organoleptic Properties
| Taste Description | sweet |
Safety Information
| Preferred SDS | View |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity | Not determined |
| Dermal Toxicity | Not determined |
| Inhalation Toxicity | Not determined |
GHS Classification
['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']
Safety in Use
| Category | sweeteners, flavor enhancers |
| Recommendation for rebaudioside A usage levels up to | not for fragrance use. |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU) | 1200.00 (μg/capita/day) |
| Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI) | 11088 (μg/person/day) |
| Structure Class | III |
| baked goods | 20.00000 |
| beverages(nonalcoholic) | 20.00000 |
| beverages(alcoholic) | 20.00000 |
| breakfast cereal | 20.00000 |
| cheese | - |
| chewing gum | 200.00000 |
| condiments / relishes | 20.00000 |
| confectionery froastings | 20.00000 |
| egg products | - |
| fats / oils | - |
| fish products | - |
| frozen dairy | 20.00000 |
| fruit ices | 20.00000 |
| gelatins / puddings | 20.00000 |
| granulated sugar | - |
| gravies | 20.00000 |
| hard candy | 20.00000 |
| imitation dairy | 20.00000 |
| instant coffee / tea | 20.00000 |
| jams / jellies | 20.00000 |
| meat products | 20.00000 |
| milk products | 20.00000 |
| nut products | - |
| other grains | - |
| poultry | 20.00000 |
| processed fruits | 20.00000 |
| processed vegetables | 20.00000 |
| reconstituted vegetables | - |
| seasonings / flavors | 20.00000 |
| snack foods | 20.00000 |
| soft candy | 20.00000 |
| soups | 20.00000 |
| sugar substitutes | - |
| sweet sauces | 20.00000 |
| Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0) | 20.00000 |
| Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0) | - |
| Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0) | 20.00000 |
| Processed fruit (04.1) | 20.00000 |
| Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2) | - |
| Confectionery (05.0) | 20.00000 |
| Chewing gum (05.3) | - |
| Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0) | 20.00000 |
| Bakery wares (07.0) | - |
| Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0) | - |
| Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0) | - |
| Eggs and egg products (10.0) | - |
| Sweeteners, including honey (11.0) | - |
| Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0) | 20.00000 |
| Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0) | - |
| Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1) | 20.00000 |
| Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2) | 20.00000 |
| Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0) | - |
| Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0) | - |
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Potential Uses
Natural Occurrence
Synonyms
rebaudioside A from yarrowia lipolytica
rebaudioside A purified from stevia rebaudiana (bertoni) bertoni
rebaudioside A purified from the leaves of stevia rebaudiana (bertoni) bertoni
rebaudioside A purified from the leaves of stevia rebaudiana (bertoni) bertoni (rebaudioside A)
rebaudioside A standard
rebaudiosidea(rebiana)(FG)
rightsweet stevia
stevia – rebaudioside A (Reb A)
Google Patents:
Composition and process for modifying or enhancing flavors
US Patents:
9,055,760 - Sweetened consumables comprising rebaudioside A and stevioside as sweetness enhancers and method of enhancing sweetness of consumables
PubMed:
Transcriptional profiling of genes involved in steviol glycoside biosynthesis in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni during plant hardening.
Google Patents:
Sweetened beverages
PubMed:
Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Rebaudioside M Isomer from a Bioconversion Reaction of Rebaudioside A and NMR Comparison Studies of Rebaudioside M Isolated from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and Stevia rebaudiana Morita.
PubMed:
Non-nutritive sweeteners are not super-normal stimuli.
PubMed:
High-performance thin-layer chromatography analysis of steviol glycosides in Stevia formulations and sugar-free food products, and benchmarking with (ultra) high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:
Base substitution mutations in uridinediphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferase 76G1 gene of Stevia rebaudiana causes the low levels of rebaudioside A: Mutations in UGT76G1, A key gene of steviol glycosides synthesis.
PubMed:
[Biological conversion of stevioside to steviol by Aspergillus aculeatus and the purification of rebaudioside A].
PubMed:
Adsorption characteristics of rebaudioside A and stevioside on cross-linked poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) macroporous resins functionalized with chloromethyl, amino and phenylboronic acid groups.
PubMed:
Fast methodology of analysing major steviol glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana leaves.
PubMed:
Rebaudioside A and cortisol metabolism: sweet news for consumers.
PubMed:
Methylerythritol and mevalonate pathway contributions to biosynthesis of mono-, sesqui-, and diterpenes in glandular trichomes and leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.
PubMed:
Drug solubilization mechanism of α-glucosyl stevia by NMR spectroscopy.
PubMed:
The non-cytotoxicity characterization of rebaudioside A as a food additive.
PubMed:
In vitro metabolism of rebaudioside B, D, and M under anaerobic conditions: comparison with rebaudioside A.
PubMed:
Steviol glucuronidation and its potential interaction with UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 substrates.
PubMed:
The influence of stevia glycosides on the growth of Lactobacillus reuteri strains.
PubMed:
Utilisation of steviol glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) by lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in in vitro conditions.
PubMed:
Efficient regeneration for enhanced steviol glycosides production in Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni).
PubMed:
An in vitro and in vivo comparison of the effect of Stevia rebaudiana extracts on different caries-related variables: a randomized controlled trial pilot study.
PubMed:
Rebaudioside A and Rebaudioside D bitterness do not covary with Acesulfame K bitterness or polymorphisms in TAS2R9 and TAS2R31.
PubMed:
Classification of stevia sweeteners in soft drinks using liquid chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
PubMed:
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transgenic plant and somaclone production through direct and indirect regeneration from leaves in Stevia rebaudiana with their glycoside profile.
PubMed:
Hydrogenation of the exocyclic olefinic bond at C-16/C-17 position of ent-kaurane diterpene glycosides of Stevia rebaudiana using various catalysts.
PubMed:
[Simultaneous determination of twelve sweeteners and nine preservatives in foods by solid-phase extraction and LC-MS/MS].
PubMed:
[About flavouring substances and flavouring preparations regulation in the field of manufacturing of flavourings and foodstuffs].
PubMed:
Determination of six steviol glycosides of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) from different geographical origin by LC-ESI-MS/MS.
PubMed:
Modulating efficacy of Rebaudioside A, a diterpenoid on antioxidant and circulatory lipids in experimental diabetic rats.
PubMed:
Metabolism and toxicity studies supporting the safety of rebaudioside D.
PubMed:
Effects of salt stress on the growth, physiological responses, and glycoside contents of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.
PubMed:
Genetic and metabolic diversity in Stevia rebaudiana using RAPD and HPTLC analysis.
PubMed:
HPTLC method for simultaneous analysis of stevioside and rebaudioside-A in Stevia rebaudiana.
PubMed:
Simultaneous analysis of steviol and steviol glycosides by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection on a mixed-mode column: application to Stevia plant material and Stevia-containing dietary supplements.
PubMed:
Sweeteners from plants--with emphasis on Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) and Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle).
PubMed:
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni as a source of bioactive compounds: the effect of harvest time, experimental site and crop age on steviol glycoside content and antioxidant properties.
PubMed:
Functional and structural variation of uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase (UGT) gene of Stevia rebaudiana-UGTSr involved in the synthesis of rebaudioside A.
PubMed:
Simultaneous quantification of stevioside and rebaudioside A in different stevia samples collected from the Indian subcontinent.
PubMed:
Influence of photoperiodism on the spatio-temporal accumulation of steviol glycosides in Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni).
PubMed:
Absolute quantitation of stevioside and rebaudioside A in commercial standards by quantitative NMR.
PubMed:
Steviol glycoside safety: is the genotoxicity database sufficient?
PubMed:
Simultaneous determination of steviol and steviol glycosides by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PubMed:
Sensory characteristics and relative sweetness of tagatose and other sweeteners.
PubMed:
Reaction kinetics and efficiencies for the hydroxyl and sulfate radical based oxidation of artificial sweeteners in water.
PubMed:
Synthesis and sensory evaluation of ent-kaurane diterpene glycosides.
PubMed:
Steviol glycosides from Stevia: biosynthesis pathway review and their application in foods and medicine.
PubMed:
Optimizing the orosensory properties of model functional beverages: the influence of novel sweeteners, odorants, bitter blockers, and their mixtures on (+)-catechin.
PubMed:
Synthetic study on the relationship between structure and sweet taste properties of steviol glycosides.
PubMed:
Sweetness concentration-response behavior of rebiana at room and refrigerator temperatures.
PubMed:
Effect of Rebaudioside A, a diterpenoid on glucose homeostasis in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
PubMed:
The leaves of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni), their constituents and the analyses thereof: a review.
PubMed:
Preparative separation and purification of rebaudioside a from steviol glycosides using mixed-mode macroporous adsorption resins.
PubMed:
On the formulation design and rheological evaluations of pectin-based functional gels.
PubMed:
UDP-dependent glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of steviol glycosides.
PubMed:
Investigations on the stability of stevioside and rebaudioside a in soft drinks.
PubMed:
[Identification, culture optimization and biotransformation of a stevioside-degrading bacterium].
PubMed:
Stevia and saccharin preferences in rats and mice.
PubMed:
Evaluation of steviol and its glycosides in Stevia rebaudiana leaves and commercial sweetener by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PubMed:
NMR studies of the conformation of the natural sweetener rebaudioside A.
PubMed:
Rebaudioside, a novel agent of glycoside clathration of pharmacons.
PubMed:
Genotoxicity studies on a high-purity rebaudioside A preparation.
PubMed:
An efficient microwave-assisted extraction process of stevioside and rebaudioside-A from Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni).
PubMed:
Gas-phase intramolecular elimination reaction studies of steviol glycosides in positive electrospray and tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:
Validation of green-solvent extraction combined with chromatographic chemical fingerprint to evaluate quality of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.
PubMed:
Stevioside and related compounds: therapeutic benefits beyond sweetness.
PubMed:
Photostability of rebaudioside A and stevioside in beverages.
PubMed:
Rebaudioside A: two-generation reproductive toxicity study in rats.
PubMed:
Subchronic toxicity of rebaudioside A.
PubMed:
Comparative toxicokinetics and metabolism of rebaudioside A, stevioside, and steviol in rats.
PubMed:
Pharmacokinetics of rebaudioside A and stevioside after single oral doses in healthy men.
PubMed:
Postscript.
PubMed:
Overview: the history, technical function and safety of rebaudioside A, a naturally occurring steviol glycoside, for use in food and beverages.
PubMed:
Chronic consumption of rebaudioside A, a steviol glycoside, in men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
PubMed:
The hemodynamic effects of rebaudioside A in healthy adults with normal and low-normal blood pressure.
PubMed:
Development of rebiana, a natural, non-caloric sweetener.
PubMed:
Microbial hydrolysis of steviol glycosides.
PubMed:
The use of a sweetener substitution method to predict dietary exposures for the intense sweetener rebaudioside A.
PubMed:
Validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for steviol glycosides in Stevia rebaudiana.
PubMed:
Rebaudioside A directly stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells: a glucose-dependent action via inhibition of ATP-sensitive K-channels.
PubMed:
A 90-day oral (dietary) toxicity study of rebaudioside A in Sprague-Dawley rats.
PubMed:
Monitoring stevioside in soju by high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.
PubMed:
Enzymatic modification of stevioside by cell-free extract of Gibberella fujikuroi.
PubMed:
The diterpene glycoside, rebaudioside A, does not improve glycemic control or affect blood pressure after eight weeks treatment in the Goto-Kakizaki rat.
PubMed:
[Combined enzymatic modification of stevioside and rebaudioside A].
PubMed:
[Analysis of nine kinds of sweeteners in foods by LC/MS].
PubMed:
Functional genomics uncovers three glucosyltransferases involved in the synthesis of the major sweet glucosides of Stevia rebaudiana.
PubMed:
Rebaudioside A potently stimulates insulin secretion from isolated mouse islets: studies on the dose-, glucose-, and calcium-dependency.
PubMed:
[Simultaneous determination of stevioside, rebaudioside A and glycyrrhizic acid in foods by HPLC].
PubMed:
Metabolism of stevioside and rebaudioside A from Stevia rebaudiana extracts by human microflora.
PubMed:
Metabolism of stevioside in pigs and intestinal absorption characteristics of stevioside, rebaudioside A and steviol.
PubMed:
In vitro metabolism of the glycosidic sweeteners, stevia mixture and enzymatically modified stevia in human intestinal microflora.
PubMed:
Analysis of sweet diterpene glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana: improved HPLC method.
PubMed:
Synergism among ternary mixtures of fourteen sweeteners.
PubMed:
Purification and some properties of a beta-glucosidase from Flavobacterium johnsonae.
PubMed:
Effect of temperature, pH, and ions on sweet taste.
PubMed:
Selective inhibition of sweetness by the sodium salt of +/-2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propanoic acid.
PubMed:
Noncariogenic intense natural sweeteners.
PubMed:
Analysis of Stevia glycosides by capillary electrophoresis.
PubMed:
Steviol and steviol-glycoside: glucosyltransferase activities in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni--purification and partial characterization.
PubMed:
Modifying effects of naturally occurring products on the development of colonic aberrant crypt foci induced by azoxymethane in F344 rats.
PubMed:
Bitterness of sweeteners as a function of concentration.
PubMed:
Investigation of synergism in binary mixtures of sweeteners.
PubMed:
Adaptation of sweeteners in water and in tannic acid solutions.
PubMed:
Evaluation of the cariogenic potential of the intense natural sweeteners stevioside and rebaudioside A.
PubMed:
Transfructosylation of rebaudioside A (a sweet glycoside of Stevia leaves) with Microbacterium beta-fructofuranosidase.
PubMed:
Glucosylation of Steviol and Steviol-Glucosides in Extracts from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.
PubMed:
Mass spectral analysis of some derivatives and in vitro metabolites of steviol, the aglycone of the natural sweeteners, stevioside, rebaudioside A, and rubusoside.
PubMed:
Characterization and feeding deterrent effects on the aphid, Schizaphis graminum, of some derivatives of the sweet compounds, stevioside and rebaudioside A.
PubMed:
[Isolation of the principal sugars of Stevia rebaudiana].
PubMed:
Diterpenoid sweeteners. Synthesis and sensory evaluation of stevioside analogues with improved organoleptic properties.
PubMed:
Intestinal degradation and absorption of the glycosidic sweeteners stevioside and rebaudioside A.