Identification

Namehydrocyanic acid
IUPACformonitrile
CAS Number74-90-8
EINECS200-821-6
FDA UNII2WTB3V159F
Molecular FormulaC H N
Molecular Weight27.02597000
Nikkaji NumberJ209.341C
Beilstein1718793

Regulatory

Physical Properties

Appearance colorless gas or liquid (est)
Assay 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed No
Specific Gravity 0.68740 @ 0.00 °C.
Refractive Index 1.26190 @ 0.00 °C.
Melting Point 5.00 °C. @ 0.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point 79.00 °C. @ 0.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure 742.000000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Vapor Density 0.94 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point -27.00 °F. TCC ( -32.50 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w) -0.250
Soluble in water, 1.00E+06 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)

No sensory data available

Safety Information

Oral/Parenteral Toxicityoral-bird - wild LDLo 7500 ug/kg
Dermal Toxicitysubcutaneous-bird - wild LDLo 100 ug/kg
Inhalation Toxicityinhalation-human LCLo 120 mg/m3/1H

GHS Classification

['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']

Safety in Use

Categorynatural substances and extractives
Recommendation for hydrocyanic acid usage levels up tonot for fragrance use.
Recommendation for hydrocyanic acid flavor usage levels up tonot for flavor use.

No supplier data available

Potential Uses

None Found

Natural Occurrence

almond bitter almond almond seed apple custard apple plant apple custard apple plant apricot seed bean fava bean seed bean winged bean stem borage plant breadfruit leaf broadbean seed buckwheat seed carrot root cassava leaf cherry sour cherry fruit currant red currant leaf eggplant fruit flax flower flax hull husk flax husk flax root flax seed flax shoot football fruit goosefoot plant lemongrass plant mallow jew's mallow plant peach leaf plum seed purslane plant sorrel west african sorrel plant soursop plant tamarind plant

Synonyms

carbon hydride nitride cyclon formonitrile hydrogen cyanide prussic acid Info: Hydrogen Cyanide PubMed: The usefulness of intermediate products of plum processing for alcoholic fermentation and chemical composition of the obtained distillates. PubMed: A qNMR approach for bitterness phenotyping and QTL identification in an F1 apricot progeny. PubMed: Toxicological evaluation of potassium sorbate added to cigarette tobacco. PubMed: Scope for regulation of cigarette smoke toxicity according to brand differences in published toxicant emissions. PubMed: Production and evaluation of Ighu from selected cassava varieties using a motorized shredder-a response surface analysis. PubMed: [Health risks from pest control products]. PubMed: Transcriptional regulation of de novo biosynthesis of cyanogenic glucosides throughout the life-cycle of the burnet moth Zygaena filipendulae (Lepidoptera). PubMed: Millipedes as food for humans: their nutritional and possible antimalarial value-a first report. PubMed: The multiple strategies of an insect herbivore to overcome plant cyanogenic glucoside defence. PubMed: Cyanogenic glycosides: synthesis, physiology, and phenotypic plasticity. PubMed: Single oral dose toxicity study of prebrewed armeniacae semen in rats. PubMed: [Evaluation of an analytical method for cyanogenic compounds in bean paste and its application for surveillance of real samples]. PubMed: Cyanogenic glycosides in plant-based foods available in New Zealand. PubMed: Molecular products from the thermal degradation of glutamic acid. PubMed: Genetic diversity analysis of cyanogenic potential (CNp) of root among improved genotypes of cassava using simple sequence repeat markers. PubMed: [Characterization of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) grown in Venezuela]. PubMed: The usefulness of intermediate products of plum processing for alcoholic fermentation and chemical composition of the obtained distillates. PubMed: Feeding potential of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) peels ensiled with Leucaena leucocephala and Gliricidia sepium assessed with West African dwarf goats. PubMed: Drying and processing protocols affect the quantification of cyanogenic glucosides in forage sorghum. PubMed: Estimating hydrogen cyanide in forage sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) by near-infrared spectroscopy. PubMed: An efficient fermentation method for the degradation of cyanogenic glycosides in flaxseed. PubMed: Empiric management of cyanide toxicity associated with smoke inhalation. PubMed: Smoke inhalation injury in a pregnant patient: a literature review of the evidence and current best practices in the setting of a classic case. PubMed: Effects of cyanogenic plants on fitness in two host strains of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). PubMed: A mass cyanide poisoning from pickling bamboo shoots. PubMed: Background levels and diurnal variations of hydrogen cyanide in breath and emitted from skin. PubMed: A simple analytical method for dhurrin content evaluation in cyanogenic plants for their utilization in fodder and biofumigation. PubMed: A survey of total hydrocyanic acid content in ready-to-eat cassava-based chips obtained in the Australian market in 2008. PubMed: Comparison of gas chromotography, spectrophotometry and near infrared spectroscopy to quantify prussic acid potential in forages. PubMed: Moisture-pressure combination treatments for cyanide reduction in grated cassava. PubMed: Cyanogenic glucosides in the biological warfare between plants and insects: the Burnet moth-Birdsfoot trefoil model system. PubMed: The use of a novel tobacco treatment process to reduce toxicant yields in cigarette smoke. PubMed: The concentration of ethyl carbamate in commercial ume (Prunus mume) liqueur products and a method of reducing it. PubMed: Effect of germination and autoclaving of sprouted finger millet and kidney beans on cyanide content. PubMed: An FTIR study of the induction and release of kiwifruit buds from dormancy. PubMed: Nutritional and anti-nutritional potential of three accessions of itching bean (Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC var. pruriens): an under-utilized tribal pulse. PubMed: Semi-quantitative tests of cyanide in foods and excreta of Three Hapalemur species in Madagascar. PubMed: Growth and nutritive value of cassava (Manihot esculenta Cranz.) are reduced when grown in elevated CO. PubMed: Quorum-quenching acylase reduces the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model. PubMed: Changes in nutritional value of cyanogenic trifolium repens grown at elevated atmospheric CO2. PubMed: Analysis of cyanogens with resorcinol and picrate. PubMed: Aposematism in Archips cerasivoranus not linked to the sequestration of host-derived cyanide. PubMed: Evaluation of production of some antifungal metabolites by fluorescent pseudomonads in vitro and their inhibitory effect on Penicillium digitatum in semi-commercial condition. PubMed: Cyanogenesis in plants and arthropods. PubMed: The conversion of chicken manure to bio-oil by fast pyrolysis. III. Analyses of chicken manure, bio-oils and char by Py-FIMS and Py-FDMS. PubMed: The concentration distributions of some metabolites in the exhaled breath of young adults. PubMed: Quantitative measurement of cyanide released from Prussian Blue. PubMed: Toxicological evaluation of potassium sorbate added to cigarette tobacco. PubMed: Validation of an in vitro method for the determination of cyanide release from ferric-hexacyanoferrate: Prussian blue. PubMed: Isolation and characterization of rhizosphere bacteria with potential for biological control of weeds in vineyards. PubMed: Isolation and characterization of a novel banana rhizosphere bacterium as fungal antagonist and microbial adjuvant in micropropagation of banana. PubMed: Chronic poisoning by hydrogen cyanide in cassava and its prevention in Africa and Latin America. PubMed: Glass distilling collector applied for HCN recovery from submerged culture broth and fruiting body of Pleurotus eryngii for identification and quantification. PubMed: Determination of cyanide in blood by isotope-dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PubMed: Retrospective trends and current status of ethyl carbamate in German stone-fruit spirits. PubMed: Rapid screening for ethyl carbamate in stone-fruit spirits using FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics. PubMed: Study on tobacco components involved in the pyrolytic generation of selected smoke constituents. PubMed: Characterization of antifungal metabolite produced by a new strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa PUPa3 that exhibits broad-spectrum antifungal activity and biofertilizing traits. PubMed: Effects of temperature, atmosphere and pH on the generation of smoke compounds during tobacco pyrolysis. PubMed: Acute Cycas seed poisoning in Taiwan. PubMed: Cyanide toxicosis in goats after ingestion of California Holly (Heteromeles arbutifolia). PubMed: Cassava cyanogens and free amino acids in raw and cooked leaves. PubMed: Chemical composition of certain tribal pulses in South India. PubMed: The clinicopathologic significance of enriching grated cassava mash with red palm oil in the production of gari. PubMed: The enhancement of the nutritive value of mango seed kernels for poultry by thermal treatment and radiation processing. PubMed: Evaluation of the potential effects of ingredients added to cigarettes. Part 2: chemical composition of mainstream smoke. PubMed: Nutritional potential of biochemical components in Galactia longifolia Benth. (Fabaceae). PubMed: Chemical analysis and nutritional assessment of Teramnus labialis (L.) Spreng. (Fabaceae). PubMed: Evaluation of the nutritional quality and acceptability of fingermillet-based tempe as potential weaning foods in Tanzania. PubMed: Degradation of cyanogenic glycosides by Lactobacillus plantarum strains from spontaneous cassava fermentation and other microorganisms. PubMed: Reduction of some toxicants in Icacina mannii by fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PubMed: Assessment of cyanogenic glucoside (cyanide) residues in Mbege: an opaque traditional Tanzanian beer. PubMed: The nutritional value of indigenous fruits and vegetables in Sarawak. PubMed: Low cyanide exposure from consumption of cassava in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. PubMed: Physicochemical properties and garification (gari yield) of selected cassava cultivars in Rivers State, Nigeria. PubMed: Acute cyanide toxicity caused by apricot kernel ingestion. PubMed: Long-term follow-up of konzo patients. PubMed: Mechanism of cyanogenesis: the crystal structure of hydroxynitrile lyase from Hevea brasiliensis. PubMed: Effect of traditional processing of cassava on the cyanide content of gari and cassava flour. PubMed: Chemical composition of the edible leaves of Pterocarpus mildbraedii. PubMed: Studies on the underexploited legumes, Indigofera linifolia and Sesbania bispinosa: nutrient composition and antinutritional factors. PubMed: Ion chromatographic determination of cyanide released from flaxseed under autohydrolysis conditions. PubMed: The adverse effects of long-term cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) consumption. PubMed: Black cherry poisoning in an Angora goat. PubMed: Biochemical studies of some non-conventional sources of proteins. Part 7. Effect of detoxification treatments on the nutritional quality of apricot kernels. PubMed: Microdiffusion method with solid state detection of cyanogenic glycosides from cassava in human urine. PubMed: Development and implementation of a safety evaluation program for chemical fibers. PubMed: The effect of fermentation on the nutrient status and on some toxic components of Icacinia manni. PubMed: Hydrocyanate, oxalate, phytate, calcium and zinc in selected brands of Nigerian cocoa beverage. PubMed: Yields of tar and other smoke components from UK cigarettes. PubMed: The toxic effects of cassava (manihot esculenta grantz) diets on humans: a review. PubMed: Ethyl carbamate: analytical methodology, occurrence, formation, biological activity and risk assessment. PubMed: Cyanogenesis in plants. PubMed: Cyanoglycoside gynocardin fromAcraea horta (L.) (Lepidoptera: Acraeinae) : Possible implications for evolution of acraeine host choice. PubMed: Metabolism of linamarin in rats. PubMed: Cyanogenesis in animal-plant interactions. PubMed: Anti-nutritional and toxic factors in food legumes: a review. PubMed: Mantakassa: an epidemic of spastic paraparesis associated with chronic cyanide intoxication in a cassava staple area of Mozambique. 2. Nutritional factors and hydrocyanic acid content of cassava products. Ministry of Health, Mozambique. PubMed: Particle size distribution of hydrocyanic acid in gari, a cassava-based product. PubMed: Cassava - a valuable food but a possible poison. PubMed: Volatiles produced by microorganisms isolated from refrigerated chicken at spoilage. PubMed: Production of hydrogen cyanide by Pseudomonas fluorescens. PubMed: [Hydrogen cyanide content in stewed stone fruits and wines]. PubMed: Some aspects of food and nutrition in Sierra Leone. PubMed: Semiochemical--structure and function. PubMed: [Method of determination of hydrogen cyanide in grain and flour]. PubMed: Cassava as food in Nigeria. PubMed: Nutritive value of Nigerian water melon. PubMed: [HYDROCYANIC ACID POISONING BY BITTER ALMONDS FROM THE PSYCHOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC VIEWPOINT]. PubMed: [DETERMINATION OF RESIDUAL HYDROGEN CYANIDE IN FUMIGATED BANANAS].