iron citrate
citric acid iron salt
Identification
| Name | iron citrate |
| CAS Number | 2338-05-8 |
| EINECS | 219-045-4 |
| FDA UNII | Search |
| Molecular Formula | C6 H8 Fe O7 |
| Molecular Weight | 247.96916000 |
| MDL Number | MFCD00013098 |
| Beilstein | 4052503 |
Regulatory
| FDA/DG SANTE Petitions, Reviews, Notices | 184.1307c |
| FDA Mainterm (SATF) | 2338-05-8 ; IRON CITRATE |
| FDA Regulation | FDA PART 184 -- DIRECT FOOD SUBSTANCES AFFIRMED AS GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AS SAFE |
Physical Properties
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed | No |
| Boiling Point | 309.60 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est) |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.000057 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Flash Point | 311.00 °F. TCC ( 155.20 °C. ) (est) |
| logP (o/w) | -1.721 (est) |
No sensory data available
Safety Information
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity | Not determined |
| Dermal Toxicity | Not determined |
| Inhalation Toxicity | Not determined |
GHS Classification
['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']
Safety in Use
| Category | nutrient supplements |
| Recommendation for iron citrate usage levels up to | not for fragrance use. |
| Recommendation for iron citrate flavor usage levels up to | not for flavor use. |
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Potential Uses
Natural Occurrence
Synonyms
citric acid iron salt
2-
hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid; iron
iron 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate
PubMed:
Non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) uptake by T lymphocytes: evidence for the selective acquisition of oligomeric ferric citrate species.
PubMed:
Mitochondrial DNA instability in cells lacking aconitase correlates with iron citrate toxicity.
PubMed:
Structure and magnetic properties of a new iron(II) citrate coordination polymer.
PubMed:
Iron and citrate export by a major facilitator superfamily pump regulates metabolism and stress resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium.
PubMed:
Effects of short term iron citrate treatments at different pH values on roots of iron-deficient cucumber: a Mössbauer analysis.
PubMed:
Characterization of metalloprotease and serine protease activities in batch CHO cell cultures: control of human recombinant IFN-γ proteolysis by addition of iron citrate.
PubMed:
Iron excess limits HHIPL-2 gene expression and decreases osteoblastic activity in human MG-63 cells.
PubMed:
Biogeochemical cycling of ferric oxyhydroxide affecting As partition in groundwater aquitard.
PubMed:
Synthesis of carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles by pyrolysis of iron citrate and poly(vinyl alcohol): a critical evaluation of yield and selectivity.
PubMed:
Evaluation of different column types for the hydrophilic interaction chromatographic separation of iron-citrate and copper-histidine species from plants.
PubMed:
A high-performance liquid immunoaffinity chromatography method for determining transferrin-bound iron in serum.
PubMed:
Ethanol effect on cell proliferation in the human hepatoma HepaRG cell line: relationship with iron metabolism.
PubMed:
R161, K452 and R460 residues are vital for metal-citrate complex transport in Cit(Sc) from Streptomyces coelicolor.
PubMed:
Oriented contraction: a facile nonequilibrium heat-treatment approach for fabrication of maghemite fiber-in-tube and tube-in-tube nanostructures.
PubMed:
Mechanisms for the shuttling of plasma non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) onto deferoxamine by deferiprone.
PubMed:
Modularity of the Mtr respiratory pathway of Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1.
PubMed:
Protein tyrosine phosphatases are regulated by mononuclear iron dicitrate.
PubMed:
Transport of iron bound to recombinant human lactoferrin from rice and iron citrate across Caco-2 cell monolayers.
PubMed:
Global transcriptional responses of Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 to changes in iron bioavailability in vitro.
PubMed:
Synthesis of shape controlled ferrite nanoparticles by sonochemical technique.
PubMed:
Microglia and astroglia prevent oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death: implications for aceruloplasminemia.
PubMed:
Nature of non-transferrin-bound iron: studies on iron citrate complexes and thalassemic sera.
PubMed:
Signaling mechanisms for activation of extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors.
PubMed:
Iron-citrate complexes and free radicals generation: is citric acid an innocent additive in foods and drinks?
PubMed:
Tannic acid inhibits in vitro iron-dependent free radical formation.
PubMed:
Limited iron export by hepatocytes contributes to hepatic iron-loading in the Hfe knockout mouse.
PubMed:
Iron modulates the replication of virulent Mycobacterium bovis in resting and activated bovine and possum macrophages.
PubMed:
Iron complexing activity of mangiferin, a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone, inhibits mitochondrial lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+-citrate.
PubMed:
Determination of stability constants of U(VI)-Fe(III)-citrate complexes.
PubMed:
Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang) inhibits Fe2+-citrate-induced lipoperoxidation in isolated rat liver mitochondria.
PubMed:
A PCR method for detection of bifidobacteria in raw milk and raw milk cheese: comparison with culture-based methods.
PubMed:
Estimation of iron absorption in humans using compartmental modelling.
PubMed:
Iron accumulation during cellular senescence.
PubMed:
Application of a MTT assay for screening nutritional factors in growth media of primary sponge cell culture.
PubMed:
Growth of Escherichia coli in iron-enriched medium increases HPI catalase activity.
PubMed:
Neuroprotection by tempol in a model of iron-induced oxidative stress in acute ischemic stroke.
PubMed:
Quantification of unlabelled non-haem iron absorption in human subjects: a pilot study.
PubMed:
Neurotrophic factor effects on oxidative stress-induced neuronal death.
PubMed:
Genetic analysis of iron citrate toxicity in yeast: implications for mammalian iron homeostasis.
PubMed:
Mechanisms of bFGF and NT-4 potentiation of necrotic neuronal death.
PubMed:
Regulation of phagosomal iron release from murine macrophages by nitric oxide.
PubMed:
Photodegradation of a ternary iron(III)-uranium(VI)-citric acid complex.
PubMed:
Differential effects of iron overload on GST isoform expression in mouse liver and kidney and correlation between GSTA4 induction and overproduction of free radicles.
PubMed:
Detection of the isiA gene across cyanobacterial strains: potential for probing iron deficiency.
PubMed:
Intravenous infusion of iron and tetrahydrofolate does not influence intrauterine uteroferrin and secreted folate-binding protein content in swine.
PubMed:
Iron and citric acid: a fuzzy chemistry of ubiquitous biological relevance.
PubMed:
Complexation of iron(III) and iron(II) by citrate. Implications for iron speciation in blood plasma.
PubMed:
Identification and characterization of the iron regulatory element in the ferritin gene of a plant (soybean).
PubMed:
Use of heme compounds as iron sources by pathogenic neisseriae requires the product of the hemO gene.
PubMed:
Cytoprotection and iron mobilization in rat hepatocyte cultures by a new synthetic dihydroxamate chelator.
PubMed:
The use of Caco-2 cells as an in vitro method to study bioavailability of iron.
PubMed:
Dietary heme iron does not prevent postgastrectomy anemia but fructooligosaccharides improve bioavailability of heme iron in rats.
PubMed:
Differential fiu-lacZ fusion regulation linked to Escherichia coli colony development.
PubMed:
Characterisation of citrate and iron citrate uptake by cultured rat hepatocytes.
PubMed:
Ferric citrate uptake by cultured rat hepatocytes is inhibited in the presence of transferrin.
PubMed:
Effect of desferrioxamine and deferiprone (L1) on the proliferation of MG-63 bone cells and on phosphatase alkaline activity.
PubMed:
Intranigral iron infusion in the rat. Acute elevations in nigral lipid peroxidation and striatal dopaminergic markers with ensuing nigral degeneration.
PubMed:
Inhibition of uptake of transferrin-bound iron by human hepatoma cells by nontransferrin-bound iron.
PubMed:
Inhibition of iron toxicity in human hepatocyte cultures by pyoverdins Pa A and Pf, the peptidic siderophores of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fluorescens.
PubMed:
Iron may induce both DNA synthesis and repair in rat hepatocytes stimulated by EGF/pyruvate.
PubMed:
Non-promoting effects of iron from beef in the rat colon carcinogenesis model.
PubMed:
[Effects of iron deficiency on expression of transferrin receptor in human lymphocytes].
PubMed:
Mobilferrin is an intermediate in iron transport between transferrin and hemoglobin in K562 cells.
PubMed:
Iron coordination by catechol derivative antioxidants.
PubMed:
Iron transport across Caco-2 cell monolayers. Effect of transferrin, lactoferrin and nitric oxide.
PubMed:
Oxidative damage of bovine serum albumin and other enzyme proteins by iron-chelate complexes.
PubMed:
Inhibition of iron toxicity in rat and human hepatocyte cultures by the hydroxypyridin-4-ones CP20 and CP94.
PubMed:
Uptake of iron by symbiosomes and bacteroids from soybean nodules.
PubMed:
The H(+)-ATPase from reticulocyte endosomes reconstituted into liposomes acts as an iron transporter.
PubMed:
Iron absorption by CaCo 2 cells cultivated in serum-free medium as in vitro model of the human intestinal epithelial barrier.
PubMed:
[Effects of pretreating target cells with iron citrate on cytolysis, mediated by tumor necrosis factor and lymphokine-activated killer cells].
PubMed:
Iron polymers impair the function and maturation of macrophages.
PubMed:
Uptake of iron from ferric-citrate in the cyanobacteria Synechocystis PCC6803.
PubMed:
Mucormycosis during deferoxamine therapy is a siderophore-mediated infection. In vitro and in vivo animal studies.
PubMed:
Apotransferrin can elevate intracellular free calcium ion and stimulate mitogenesis in human leukemic HL60 cells.
PubMed:
Influence of complex structure on the biodegradation of iron-citrate complexes.
PubMed:
Growth of cells in a new defined protein-free medium.
PubMed:
8-Azido-ATP labelling of the FecE protein of the Escherichia coli iron citrate transport system.
PubMed:
Iron transport systems of Serratia marcescens.
PubMed:
Interaction of iron polymers with blood mononuclear cells and its detection with the Prussian Blue reaction.
PubMed:
Experimental skin calciphylaxis induced by iron citrate sorbitol in young dogs.
PubMed:
[GELUM oral-rd: blood pH regulator and oxygen activator. Documentation No.27].
PubMed:
Calciphylaxis induced by iron-citrate sorbitol.
PubMed:
Non-transferrin-bound iron in plasma or serum from patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis. Characterization by high performance liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
PubMed:
Early changes in the ground substance of articular cartilage in experimental hemarthrosis in dogs, measured by the fixed-charge density method.
PubMed:
Physiological and non-physiological forms of iron affect differently proliferation and ferritin synthesis in human mononuclear cells in vitro.
PubMed:
Effect of extracellular hemin on hemoglobin and ferritin content of erythroleukemia cells.
PubMed:
Oxygen radical-induced erythrocyte hemolysis by neutrophils. Critical role of iron and lactoferrin.
PubMed:
The role of iron chelates in hydroxyl radical production by rat liver microsomes, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and xanthine oxidase.
PubMed:
Non-enzymatic heme formation in the presence of fatty acids and thiol reductants.
PubMed:
The role of ferritin in the intracellular distribution of gallium 67.
PubMed:
Iron uptake from ferrichrome A and iron citrate in Ustilago sphaerogena.
PubMed:
Studies of the antimicrobial activity of ovotransferrin.
PubMed:
Action of iron and iron-complexes on Klebsiella pneumoniae (Klebsiella aerogenes).
PubMed:
Iron incorporation into ferritin and hemoglobin during differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells.
PubMed:
Energy-independent uptake of iron from citrate by isolated outer membranes of Neisseria meningitidis.
PubMed:
Comparative study of different iron compounds in inhibition of sphaerotilus growth.
PubMed:
In vitro binding of various biological substances by two hypocholesterolaemic resins. Cholestyramine and colestipol.
PubMed:
[Investigations of the bioavailability of iron from bi- and trivalent iron salts (author's transl)].
PubMed:
On the effect of iron-citrate on the growth of the Flordia red-tide organism, Gymnodinium breve.
PubMed:
[Intestinal absorption of labelled lipids, vitamin B 12 and iron citrate after gamma irradiation].
PubMed:
[Preparation of xylitol-iron-citrate complexes of various molecular weight, and effect of molecular weight on blood level and urinary excretion of iron after intramuscular injection of their complexes].
PubMed:
[On the simultaneous use of the Jirgl test and the iron citrate reaction in the differential diagnosis of jaundices].
PubMed:
Translocation of iron citrate and phosphorus in xylem exudate of soybean.
PubMed:
[Evaluation of the practical usefulness of the contemporary utilization of several reactions (Jirgl test, iron citrate test, quinine-oxydase test) in the diagnosis of icterus].
PubMed:
Growth of Scenedesmus obliquus in relation to the supply of iron.
PubMed:
Iron Translocation II. Citrate/Iron Ratios in Plant Stem Exudates.
PubMed:
Iron translocation I. Plant culture, exudate sampling, iron-citrate analysis.
PubMed:
[A SIMPLE TEST IN THE STUDY OF MYCOBACTERIA: THE TRANSFORMATION OF AMMONIACAL IRON-CITRATE].
PubMed:
IRON CITRATE REACTIONS.