citicoline
choline, ester with cytidine 5'-pyrophosphate
Identification
| Name | citicoline |
| CAS Number | 987-78-0 |
| EINECS | 213-580-7 |
| FDA UNII | 536BQ2JVC7 |
| Molecular Formula | C14 H26 N4 O11 P2 |
| Molecular Weight | 488.32794400 |
| Beilstein | 4170138 |
| XlogP3 | -4.00 (est) |
Regulatory
Physical Properties
| Assay | 95.00 to 100.00 |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed | No |
| Flash Point | 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est) |
| logP (o/w) | -7.070 (est) |
| Soluble in | water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
No sensory data available
Safety Information
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity | intramuscular-mouse LD50 4472 mg/kg |
| Dermal Toxicity | subcutaneous-mouse LD50 6485 mg/kg |
| Inhalation Toxicity | Not determined |
GHS Classification
['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']
Safety in Use
| Category | special dietary and nutritional additives |
| Recommendation for citicoline usage levels up to | not for fragrance use. |
| Recommendation for citicoline flavor usage levels up to | not for flavor use. |
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Potential Uses
Natural Occurrence
Synonyms
[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-
amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate
CDP-choline
choline 5'-cytidine diphosphate
choline cytidine 5'-pyrophosphate ester
choline cytidine diphosphate
choline, ester with cytidine 5'-pyrophosphate
citicholine
cytidine 5'-(choline diphosphate)
cytidine 5'-(cholinyl pyrophosphate)
cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine
cytidine 5'-diphosphoric choline
cytidine diphosphate cholin ester
cytidine, 5'-O-[(S)-hydroxy[[hydroxy[2-(trimethylammonio)ethoxy]phosphinyl]oxy]phosphinyl]-, inner salt
cytidine, 5'-O-[hydroxy[[hydroxy[2-(trimethylammonio)ethoxy]phosphinyl]oxy]phosphinyl]-, inner salt
cytidine, 5'-pyrophosphate, ester with choline
5'-O-[
hydroxy({[2-(trimethylammonio)ethoxy]phosphinato}oxy)phosphoryl]cytidine
5'-O-[(S)-
hydroxy({[2-(trimethylammonio)ethoxy]phosphinato}oxy)phosphoryl]cytidine
PubMed:
The Effects of Citicoline on Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Review.
PubMed:
Neuroprotective effects of citicoline in in vitro models of retinal neurodegeneration.
PubMed:
Citicoline Protects Brain Against Closed Head Injury in Rats Through Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Calpain Over-Activation.
PubMed:
Effectiveness of the addition of citicoline to patching in the treatment of amblyopia around visual maturity: a randomized controlled trial.
PubMed:
Investigation of the dose-dependency of citicoline effects on nerve regeneration and functional recovery in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury.
PubMed:
Neuroprotective properties of citicoline: facts, doubts and unresolved issues.
PubMed:
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy in a boy with fibrous boney dysplasia.
PubMed:
In vivo theranostics at the peri-infarct region in cerebral ischemia.
PubMed:
Citicoline in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke: an international, randomized, multicentre, placebo-controlled study (ICTUS trial) is the use of Citicoline is beneficial for acute ischaemic stroke?
PubMed:
Citicoline (CDP-choline) protects myocardium from ischemia/reperfusion injury via inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition.
PubMed:
Hypoxia/Aglycemia-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction and tight junction protein downregulation can be ameliorated by citicoline.
PubMed:
Preclinical evidence for the antihyperalgesic activity of CDP-choline in oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain.
PubMed:
[Citicoline as component of the therapy of postoperative delirium in neurosurgical patients].
PubMed:
Delayed-onset encephalopathy caused by carbon monoxide poisoning: Resolution in a patient treated with citicoline.
PubMed:
[Effect of an intervention about prescribing citicoline on primary care physicians].
PubMed:
Potential efficacy of citicoline as adjunct therapy in treatment of cerebral malaria.
PubMed:
Role of central arginine vasopressin receptors in the analgesic effect of CDP-choline on acute and neuropathic pain.
PubMed:
Development and validation of spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous estimation of citicoline and piracetam in tablet dosage form.
PubMed:
Development and Validation of Reverse-phase High-performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Estimation of Citicoline Sodium in Bulk and Dosage Form.
PubMed:
Edaravone - citicoline comparative study in acute ischemic stroke (ECCS-AIS).
PubMed:
Citicoline oral solution in glaucoma: is there a role in slowing disease progression?
PubMed:
Citicoline (CDP-choline) increases Sirtuin1 expression concomitant to neuroprotection in experimental stroke.
PubMed:
Most effective adjuvant treatments after surgery in peripheral nerve laceration: Systematic review of the literature on rodent models.
PubMed:
Long-term treatment with citicoline may improve poststroke vascular cognitive impairment.
PubMed:
Effectiveness and safety of citicoline in mild vascular cognitive impairment: the IDEALE study.
PubMed:
Citicoline in stroke and TBI clinical trials.
PubMed:
[The role of neuroprotection in complex rehabilitation of patients with ischemic stroke].
PubMed:
Choline-containing phospholipids: relevance to brain functional pathways.
PubMed:
Citicoline induces angiogenesis improving survival of vascular/human brain microvessel endothelial cells through pathways involving ERK1/2 and insulin receptor substrate-1.
PubMed:
Effect of citicoline on functional and cognitive status among patients with traumatic brain injury: Citicoline Brain Injury Treatment Trial (COBRIT).
PubMed:
Naâº-Kâº-ATPase, a potent neuroprotective modulator against Alzheimer disease.
PubMed:
Prevention of epidural fibrosis in rats by local or systemic administration of citicoline.
PubMed:
[Markers of Fas-mediated apoptosis in primary open-angle glaucoma and opportunities of their pharmacological correction].
PubMed:
ACP Journal Club. Citicoline did not improve recovery at 90 days after moderate-to-severe acute ischemic stroke.
PubMed:
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of citicoline for bipolar and unipolar depression and methamphetamine dependence.
PubMed:
A rapid LC-ESI-MS/MS method for the quantitation of choline, an active metabolite of citicoline: Application to in vivo pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence study in Indian healthy male volunteers.
PubMed:
Stroke: Treatment for acute stroke--the end of the citicoline saga.
PubMed:
Citicoline in pre-clinical animal models of stroke: a meta-analysis shows the optimal neuroprotective profile and the missing steps for jumping into a stroke clinical trial.
PubMed:
[Platelet hyperreactivity and antiaggregatory properties of nootropic drugs under conditions of alloxan-induced diabetes in rats].
PubMed:
How effective is citicoline for acute ischaemic stroke?
PubMed:
Citicoline in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke: an international, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled study (ICTUS trial).
PubMed:
[Influence of neuroprotectors with choline-positive action on the level of brain-injury markers during acute ischemic stroke].
PubMed:
[Neuroprotective treatment with citicoline (ceraxon) in patients with ischemic stroke].
PubMed:
Retrospective and observational study to assess the efficacy of citicoline in elderly patients suffering from stupor related to complex geriatric syndrome.
PubMed:
Citicoline enhances neuroregenerative processes after experimental stroke in rats.
PubMed:
Improvements in quantitative EEG following consumption of a natural citicoline-enhanced beverage.
PubMed:
Efficacy of cytidine-5'-diphosp-bocholine combined with compound anisodine in the treatment of early optic nerve contusion.
PubMed:
Death is associated with complement C3 depletion in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with pneumococcal meningitis.
PubMed:
Morphometric analyses of retinal sections.
PubMed:
[X-chromosome-linked ichthyosis associated to epilepsy, hyperactivity, autism and mental retardation, due to the Xp22.31 microdeletion].
PubMed:
Probably role of citicoline in stroke rehabilitation: review of the literature.
PubMed:
[The effect of parenteral citicoline on visual functions and life quality of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma].
PubMed:
Greatly improved neuroprotective efficiency of citicoline by stereotactic delivery in treatment of ischemic injury.
PubMed:
The antihyperalgesic effect of cytidine-5'-diphosphate-choline in neuropathic and inflammatory pain models.
PubMed:
Effects of daily treatment with citicoline: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in cocaine-dependent volunteers.
PubMed:
CDP-choline as a biological supplement during neurorecovery: a focused review.
PubMed:
CDP-choline treatment increases circulating endothelial progenitor cells in acute ischemic stroke.
PubMed:
Stroke management.
PubMed:
Neuroprotective effects of citidine-5-diphosphocholine on impaired spatial memory in a rat model of cerebrovascular dementia.
PubMed:
Citicoline: pharmacological and clinical review, 2010 update.
PubMed:
Eight weeks of citicoline treatment does not perturb sleep/wake cycles in cocaine-dependent adults.
PubMed:
Prenatal alcohol exposure triggers ceramide-induced apoptosis in neural crest-derived tissues concurrent with defective cranial development.
PubMed:
Simple diffusion delivery via brain interstitial route for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
PubMed:
[Comparison of efficacy of different neurometabolic and vasoactive medicines in ischemic stroke patients's rehabilitation].
PubMed:
[Ceraxon (citicoline) in the treatment of the mild cognitive impairment syndrome].
PubMed:
Serial MRI study of the enhanced therapeutic effects of liposome-encapsulated citicoline in cerebral ischemia.
PubMed:
Neuroprotection and recovery: recent data at the bench on citicoline.
PubMed:
Citicoline in vascular cognitive impairment and vascular dementia after stroke.
PubMed:
Citicoline preclinical and clinical update 2009-2010.
PubMed:
New approaches to neuroprotective drug development.
PubMed:
The efficacy of citroline in the treatment of ischemic stroke and primary hypertensive intracereral hemorrhage; a review article.
PubMed:
Citicoline, use in cognitive decline: vascular and degenerative.
PubMed:
Citicoline for acute ischemic stroke in Mexican hospitals: a retrospective postmarketing analysis.
PubMed:
Effect of neurotrophic factors on neuronal apoptosis and neurite regeneration in cultured rat retinas exposed to high glucose.
PubMed:
Effect of recombinant human erythropoietin on serum S100B protein and interleukin-6 levels after traumatic brain injury in the rat.
PubMed:
Citicoline and postconditioning provides neuroprotection in a rat model of ischemic spinal cord injury.
PubMed:
The protective effects of propofol and citicoline combination in experimental head injury in rats.
PubMed:
Effects of citicoline used alone and in combination with mild hypothermia on apoptosis induced by focal cerebral ischemia in rats.
PubMed:
Boosting the chances to improve stroke treatment.
PubMed:
Single- and repeated-dose oral toxicity studies of citicoline free-base (choline cytidine 5'-pyrophosphate) in Sprague-Dawley rats.
PubMed:
The citicoline brain injury treatment (COBRIT) trial: design and methods.
PubMed:
Efficacy and safety of oral citicoline in acute ischemic stroke: drug surveillance study in 4,191 cases.
PubMed:
Citicoline protects against cognitive impairment in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
PubMed:
Citicoline (CDP-choline): What role in the treatment of complications of infectious diseases.
PubMed:
Integrated brain restoration after ischemic stroke--medical management, risk factors, nutrients, and other interventions for managing inflammation and enhancing brain plasticity.
PubMed:
Cerebral protection, brain repair, plasticity and cell therapy in ischemic stroke.
PubMed:
Efficacy of citicoline as an acute stroke treatment.
PubMed:
Citicoline affects appetite and cortico-limbic responses to images of high-calorie foods.
PubMed:
Citicoline: update on a promising and widely available agent for neuroprotection and neurorepair.
PubMed:
[The use of citicoline in the acute cerebral stroke].
PubMed:
Multifunctional actions of approved and candidate stroke drugs.
PubMed:
Evidence of the neuroprotective role of citicoline in glaucoma patients.
PubMed:
[Clinical effect of ligustrazine combined with citicoline for treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy].
PubMed:
Citicoline enhances frontal lobe bioenergetics as measured by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
PubMed:
CDP-choline (citicoline) attenuates brain damage in a rat model of birth asphyxia.
PubMed:
Evaluation of a sequential global test of improved recovery following stroke as applied to the ICTUS trial of citicoline.
PubMed:
CDP-choline protects motor neurons against apoptotic changes in a model of chronic glutamate excitotoxicity in vitro.
PubMed:
Current management of the cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: how far have we come?
PubMed:
CDP-choline prevents cardiac arrhythmias and lethality induced by short-term myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat: involvement of central muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms.
PubMed:
Efficiency of citicoline in increasing muscular strength of patients with nontraumatic cerebral hemorrhage: a double-blind randomized clinical trial.
PubMed:
Citicoline. Monograph.
PubMed:
Cost-effectiveness of citicoline versus conventional treatment in acute ischemic stroke.
PubMed:
Cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine (Citicoline): a pilot study in patients with non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy.
PubMed:
Stroke management.
PubMed:
Citicoline reduces upregulated clusterin following kainic acid injection in the rat retina.
PubMed:
Citicoline improves functional recovery, promotes nerve regeneration, and reduces postoperative scarring after peripheral nerve surgery in rats.
PubMed:
Citicoline (Cognizin) in the treatment of cognitive impairment.
PubMed:
[Study of catalpol promoting axonal growth for cultured cortical neurons from rats].
PubMed:
Thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke: future directions.
PubMed:
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of citicoline add-on therapy in outpatients with bipolar disorder and cocaine dependence.
PubMed:
[Clinical treatment of apoplectic aphemia with multi-needle puncture of scalp-points in combination with visual-listening-speech training].
PubMed:
CDP-choline reduces dopaminergic cell loss induced by MPP(+) and glutamate in primary mesencephalic cell culture.
PubMed:
Possible involvement of supraspinal opioid and GABA receptors in CDP-choline-induced antinociception in acute pain models in rats.
PubMed:
Validation of an acute ischemic stroke model: does diffusion-weighted imaging lesion volume offer a clinically significant improvement in prediction of outcome?
PubMed:
Citicoline: pharmacological and clinical review, 2006 update.
PubMed:
Citicoline is not protective in experimental models of Huntington's disease.
PubMed:
The antinociceptive effects of centrally administered CDP-choline on acute pain models in rats: the involvement of cholinergic system.
PubMed:
Citicoline and lithium rescue retinal ganglion cells following partial optic nerve crush in the rat.
PubMed:
Effect of combined therapy with thrombolysis and citicoline in a rat model of embolic stroke.
PubMed:
Evaluation of the neuroprotective effects of citicoline after experimental spinal cord injury: improved behavioral and neuroanatomical recovery.
PubMed:
Citicoline--the first effective neuroprotectant to be combined with thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke?
PubMed:
Medical treatment of amblyopia: present state and perspectives.
PubMed:
Action of citicoline on rat retinal expression of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2).
PubMed:
Other neuroprotective therapies on trial in acute stroke.
PubMed:
Thrombolysis and neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia.
PubMed:
Radioprotective effect of transferrin targeted citicoline liposomes.
PubMed:
[Effect of citicoline on spatial learning and memory of rats after focal cerebral ischemia].
PubMed:
Citicoline in intracerebral haemorrhage: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multi-centre pilot study.
PubMed:
New goals in ischemic stroke therapy: the experimental approach--harmonizing science with practice.
PubMed:
Challenges of neuroprotection and neurorestoration in ischemic stroke treatment.
PubMed:
Citicoline inhibits MAP kinase signalling pathways after focal cerebral ischaemia.
PubMed:
Effects of citicoline on experimental spinal cord injury.
PubMed:
Electrophysiological assessment of glaucomatous visual dysfunction during treatment with cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine (citicoline): a study of 8 years of follow-up.
PubMed:
Neuroprotective effect of citicoline on retinal cell damage induced by kainic acid in rats.
PubMed:
[Curative effect of soybean lecithin on cerebral infarction].
PubMed:
Effects of simvastatin on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 mRNA in neonatal brain with hypoxic-ischemic damage.
PubMed:
CDP-choline liposomes provide significant reduction in infarction over free CDP-choline in stroke.
PubMed:
Effect of Xuesaitong soft capsule on hemorrheology and in auxiliarily treating patients with acute cerebral infarction.
PubMed:
Neuroprotective effect of citicoline against KA-induced neurotoxicity in the rat retina.
PubMed:
[A case of interval form of carbon monoxide poisoning with a remarkable recovery].
PubMed:
Cytidinediphosphocholine (CDP-choline) for cognitive and behavioural disturbances associated with chronic cerebral disorders in the elderly.
PubMed:
Neuroprotection afforded by prior citicoline administration in experimental brain ischemia: effects on glutamate transport.
PubMed:
Alzheimer's disease therapy - an update.
PubMed:
Cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine affects CTP-phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase and lyso-phosphatidylcholine after transient brain ischemia.
PubMed:
Therapeutic applications of citicoline for stroke and cognitive dysfunction in the elderly: a review of the literature.
PubMed:
The effects of citicoline and lamotrigine alone and in combination following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.
PubMed:
"Brain-specific" nutrients: a memory cure?
PubMed:
Phospholipase A2, hydroxyl radicals, and lipid peroxidation in transient cerebral ischemia.
PubMed:
Potential Role of Neuroprotective Agents in the Treatment of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke.
PubMed:
Neuroprotective effect of citicoline in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats and in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells.
PubMed:
Potential Role of Neuroprotective Agents in the Treatment of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke.
PubMed:
Citicoline decreases phospholipase A2 stimulation and hydroxyl radical generation in transient cerebral ischemia.
PubMed:
Long-term citicoline (cytidine diphosphate choline) use in patients with vascular dementia: neuroimaging and neuropsychological outcomes.
PubMed:
Combined nimodipine and citicoline reduce infarct size, attenuate apoptosis and increase bcl-2 expression after focal cerebral ischemia.
PubMed:
Oral citicoline treatment improves visual pathway function in glaucoma.
PubMed:
Oral citicoline in acute ischemic stroke: an individual patient data pooling analysis of clinical trials.
PubMed:
The cholinergic approach for the treatment of vascular dementia: evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies.
PubMed:
Citicoline increases glutathione redox ratio and reduces caspase-3 activation and cell death in staurosporine-treated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells.
PubMed:
Citicoline has a protective effect on damaged retinal ganglion cells in mouse culture retina.
PubMed:
[Reaction times during citicoline treatment].
PubMed:
[Treatment of mild cognitive impairment: value of citicoline].
PubMed:
Membrane stabilizer: citicoline.
PubMed:
Citicoline mechanisms and clinical efficacy in cerebral ischemia.
PubMed:
Citicoline treatment increases retinal dopamine content in rabbits.
PubMed:
Antidepressant-like effects of cytidine in the forced swim test in rats.
PubMed:
Chronic citicoline increases phosphodiesters in the brains of healthy older subjects: an in vivo phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
PubMed:
CDP-choline reduces pro-caspase and cleaved caspase-3 expression, nuclear DNA fragmentation, and specific PARP-cleaved products of caspase activation following middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat.
PubMed:
Citicoline. Ferrer Internacional.
PubMed:
Citicoline: neuroprotective mechanisms in cerebral ischemia.
PubMed:
[Use of procholinergics in the prevention of postoperative delirium in hip fracture surgery in the elderly. A randomized controlled trial].
PubMed:
Pharmacodynamics of citicoline relevant to the treatment of glaucoma.
PubMed:
Ischemic brain injury caused by interrupted versus uninterrupted occlusion in hypotensive rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage: neuroprotective effects of citicoline.
PubMed:
CDP-choline, but not cytidine, protects hippocampal CA1 neurones in the gerbil following transient forebrain ischaemia.
PubMed:
Application of 4-hydroxyantipyrine and acetaminophen O-sulfate as biodistribution promoter.
PubMed:
A phase III randomized efficacy trial of 2000 mg citicoline in acute ischemic stroke patients.
PubMed:
The effects of citicoline and/or MK-801 on survival, neurological and behavioral outcome of mice exposed to transient hyperglycemia and oligemic hypoxia.
PubMed:
Effects of short-term citicoline treatment on acute cocaine intoxication and cardiovascular effects.
PubMed:
Effects of citicoline on phospholipid and glutathione levels in transient cerebral ischemia.
PubMed:
[Neuroprotection in acute ischemic stroke. Practicability of guidelines for treatment].
PubMed:
Current status and perspectives of neuroprotection in ischemic stroke treatment.
PubMed:
The protective effect of citicoline on the progression of the perimetric defects in glaucomatous patients (perimetric study with a 10-year follow-up).
PubMed:
Pharmacotherapies for cocaine dependence.
PubMed:
Lipid alterations in transient forebrain ischemia: possible new mechanisms of CDP-choline neuroprotection.
PubMed:
Effect of citicoline on ischemic lesions as measured by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Citicoline 010 Investigators.
PubMed:
Cytidinediphosphocholine (CDP choline) for cognitive and behavioural disturbances associated with chronic cerebral disorders in the elderly.
PubMed:
Effect of oral CDP-choline on plasma choline and uridine levels in humans.
PubMed:
The role of drug treatment in children with strabismus and amblyopia.
PubMed:
[The current state of citicholine in cerebral ischemia].
PubMed:
Cytidinediphosphocholine (CDP choline) for cognitive and behavioural disturbances associated with chronic cerebral disorders in the elderly.
PubMed:
Neuroprotective effects of citicoline on brain edema and blood-brain barrier breakdown after traumatic brain injury.
PubMed:
Evaluating the efficacy of citicoline in embolic ischemic stroke in rats: neuroprotective effects when used alone or in combination with urokinase.
PubMed:
Double-blind placebo-controlled study with citicoline in APOE genotyped Alzheimer's disease patients. Effects on cognitive performance, brain bioelectrical activity and cerebral perfusion.
PubMed:
[New treatments in cerebrovascular diseases].
PubMed:
[Neuroprotective agents].
PubMed:
Citicoline protects hippocampal neurons against apoptosis induced by brain beta-amyloid deposits plus cerebral hypoperfusion in rats.
PubMed:
A randomized efficacy trial of citicoline in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
PubMed:
Neuroprotection in acute ischaemic stroke. Current status and future potential.
PubMed:
Effects of citicoline combined with thrombolytic therapy in a rat embolic stroke model.
PubMed:
Cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine (citicoline) improves retinal and cortical responses in patients with glaucoma.
PubMed:
Citicoline for traumatic brain injury: report of two cases, including my own.
PubMed:
Short-term treatment with citicoline (CDP-choline) attenuates some measures of craving in cocaine-dependent subjects: a preliminary report.
PubMed:
Synergistic effects of a combination of low-dose basic fibroblast growth factor and citicoline after temporary experimental focal ischemia.
PubMed:
Citicoline treatment for experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in mice.
PubMed:
Facilitatory effects of chronically administered citicoline on learning and memory processes in the dog.
PubMed:
A randomized dose-response trial of citicoline in acute ischemic stroke patients. Citicoline Stroke Study Group.
PubMed:
Synergistic effects of citicoline and MK-801 in temporary experimental focal ischemia in rats.
PubMed:
Citicoline improves memory performance in elderly subjects.
PubMed:
Citicoline for treatment of experimental focal ischemia: histologic and behavioral outcome.
PubMed:
The effects of prolonged treatment with citicoline in temporary experimental focal ischemia.
PubMed:
Citicoline improves verbal memory in aging.
PubMed:
CDP-choline: pharmacological and clinical review.
PubMed:
Posatirelin for the treatment of late-onset Alzheimer's disease: a double-blind multicentre study vs citicoline and ascorbic acid.
PubMed:
Citicoline (CDP-choline): mechanisms of action and effects in ischemic brain injury.
PubMed:
Effect of citicoline on visual acuity in amblyopia: preliminary results.
PubMed:
Metabolism and actions of CDP-choline as an endogenous compound and administered exogenously as citicoline.
PubMed:
Liposomes as in-vivo carriers for citicoline: effects on rat cerebral post-ischaemic reperfusion.
PubMed:
[Traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine treatment for severe intractable head injury].
PubMed:
[An open study on the clinical efficacy of citicoline in patients with chronic cerebral vasculopathy].
PubMed:
A comparative study of free plasma choline levels following intramuscular administration of L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine and citicoline in normal volunteers.
PubMed:
Increase of survival time in experimental hypoxia by cytidine diphosphate choline.
PubMed:
Liposomes as a potential drug carrier for citicoline (CDP-choline) and the effect of formulation conditions on encapsulation efficiency.
PubMed:
[Citicoline in the treatment of cognitive and behavioral disorders in pathologic senile decline].
PubMed:
Citicoline in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
PubMed:
Citicoline in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
PubMed:
[Effect of CDP-choline on senile mental deterioration. Multicenter experience on 237 cases].
PubMed:
Stimulatory effect of some therapeutic drugs used for improving cerebral insufficiency on gastric acid secretion in rats.
PubMed:
Ischemia-induced changes in brain levels of monoamines and their metabolites of mice and rats: some protective effects of naftidrofuryl.
PubMed:
Therapeutic value of citicoline in the treatment of glaucoma (computerized and automated perimetric investigation).
PubMed:
[Use of citicoline in the study of chronic cerebrovascular diseases].
PubMed:
[Pathological aging of the brain. Personal observations on the use of citicoline].
PubMed:
[Neuropsychological study of the senile brain during and after single and combined treatment with deanol and citicoline].
PubMed:
[Use of citicoline in high dosages in acute cerebrovascular disease].
PubMed:
[Evaluation of the effects of citicoline in chronic cerebrovascular diseases].
PubMed:
[Agentss to improve cerebrovascular circulation and cerebral metabolism--citicoline].
PubMed:
'Cerebroactive' drugs. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutic role in cerebrovascular disorders.
PubMed:
[Citicoline activity in senile mental decay].
PubMed:
Efficacy and safety of oral CDP-choline. Drug surveillance study in 2817 cases.
PubMed:
Treatment of chronic dyskinesia with CDP-choline.
PubMed:
CDP-choline: repeated oral dose tolerance studies in adult healthy volunteers.
PubMed:
High-resolution autoradiography in mouse brain and cerebellum 10 days after radiolabelled CDP-choline administration.
PubMed:
High-resolution autoradiography in mouse brain 24 h after radiolabelled CDP-choline administration.
PubMed:
Low-resolution autoradiography in rat brain after administering labelled CDP-choline.
PubMed:
Radioactivity incorporation into different cerebral phospholipids after oral administration of 14C methyl CDP-choline.
PubMed:
Bioavailability of methyl-14C CDP-choline by oral route.
PubMed:
Action of CDP-choline by intraduodenal route on rat cardiorespiratory system.
PubMed:
CDP-choline: 6-month study on toxicity in dogs.
PubMed:
Study of subacute toxicity of CDP-choline after 30 days of oral administration to rats.
PubMed:
CDP-choline: acute toxicity study.
PubMed:
Effect of oral CDP-choline on acrylamide-induced lesion.
PubMed:
Pharmacological study of oral CDP-choline. Interaction with oxotremorine on the parasympathetic system.
PubMed:
Study on the protection of CDP-choline against nicotine intoxication.
PubMed:
Pharmacological study of CDP-choline. Protection against toxicity in a model of experimental hypoxia.
PubMed:
Effect of oral CDP-choline on experimental withdrawal syndrome.
PubMed:
Dissimilar effects in acute toxicity studies of CDP-choline and choline.
PubMed:
Study of the effects of oral administration of CDP-choline on EEG changes and lethality induced by epidural compression in the anaesthetised cat.
PubMed:
Cytidine diphosphate choline (citicoline, Somazina).
PubMed:
Pharmacokinetics of 14C CDP-choline.
PubMed:
Cerebral subcellular distribution of CDP-choline and/or its metabolites after oral administration of methyl-14C CDP-choline.
PubMed:
[Protective effect of citicoline on renal ischemia].
PubMed:
[Alveolar surfactant and experimental diabetes (protective action of citicoline)].
PubMed:
[Relation between citicoline and pulmonary surfactant. Recent acquisitions in the treatment of respiratory syndromes of the newborn].
PubMed:
Effects of various cerebral metabolic activators on glucose metabolism of brain.