isoamyl amine
isopentylamine
Identification
| Name | isoamyl amine |
| IUPAC | 3-methylbutan-1-amine |
| CAS Number | 107-85-7 |
| EINECS | 203-526-0 |
| FDA UNII | LPO0L33SHY |
| Molecular Formula | C5 H13 N |
| Molecular Weight | 87.16561000 |
| MDL Number | MFCD00008203 |
| Nikkaji Number | J95.661I |
| Beilstein | 1209230 |
| CoE Number | 512 |
Regulatory
| JECFA Food Flavoring | 1587 isopentylamine |
| DG SANTE Food Flavourings | 11.001 3-methylbutylamine |
| FEMA Number | 3219 |
| FDA | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| FDA Mainterm (SATF) | 107-85-7 ; ISOPENTYLAMINE |
Physical Properties
| Appearance | colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est) |
| Assay | 98.00 to 100.00 |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed | No |
| Specific Gravity | 0.74700 to 0.75300 @ 25.00 °C. |
| Pounds per Gallon - (est). | 6.216 to 6.266 |
| Refractive Index | 1.40500 to 1.41100 @ 20.00 °C. |
| Melting Point | -60.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point | 95.00 to 97.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg |
| Vapor Pressure | 51.112999 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Vapor Density | 3 ( Air = 1 ) |
| Flash Point | 62.00 °F. TCC ( 16.67 °C. ) |
| logP (o/w) | 1.410 (est) |
| Soluble in | alcohol |
| Similar Items | note |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Description | at 0.10 % in propylene glycol. |
Safety Information
| Preferred SDS | View |
| European information | Most important hazard(s): |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity | Not determined |
| Dermal Toxicity | Not determined |
| Inhalation Toxicity | Not determined |
GHS Classification
['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']
Safety in Use
| Category | flavoring agents |
| Recommendation for isoamyl amine usage levels up to | not for fragrance use. |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU) | 24.00 (μg/capita/day) |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA) | 0.07 (μg/capita/day) |
| Threshold of Concern | 1800 (μg/person/day) |
| Structure Class | I |
| baked goods | - |
| beverages(nonalcoholic) | - |
| beverages(alcoholic) | - |
| breakfast cereal | - |
| cheese | - |
| chewing gum | - |
| condiments / relishes | - |
| confectionery froastings | - |
| egg products | - |
| fats / oils | - |
| fish products | - |
| frozen dairy | - |
| fruit ices | - |
| gelatins / puddings | - |
| granulated sugar | - |
| gravies | - |
| hard candy | - |
| imitation dairy | - |
| instant coffee / tea | - |
| jams / jellies | - |
| meat products | - |
| milk products | - |
| nut products | - |
| other grains | - |
| poultry | - |
| processed fruits | - |
| processed vegetables | - |
| reconstituted vegetables | - |
| seasonings / flavors | - |
| snack foods | - |
| soft candy | - |
| soups | - |
| sugar substitutes | - |
| sweet sauces | - |
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Potential Uses
Natural Occurrence
Synonyms
1-
amino-3-methyl butane
1-
amino-3-methylbutane
1-
aminoisopentane
iso
amylamine
monoiso
amylamine
1-
butanamine, 3-methyl-
iso
butyl carbyl amine
iso
butyl carbylamine
butylamine, 3-methyl-
3,3-
dimethyl propyl amine
3,3-
dimethylpropylamine
leucamine
3-
methyl butyl amine
3-
methyl-1-butanamine
3-
methyl-butan-1-amine
3-
methylbutan-1-amine
3-
methylbutanamine
3-
methylbutyl amine
3-
methylbutylamine
iso
pentyl amine
iso
pentylamine
monoiso
pentylamine
propylamine, 3,3-dimethyl-
iso
valeryl amine
Info:
aliphatic and aromatic amines and amides
PubMed:
Credneramides A and B: neuromodulatory phenethylamine and isopentylamine derivatives of a vinyl chloride-containing fatty acid from cf. Trichodesmium sp. nov.
PubMed:
Synthesis of methylisoamylnitrosamine from isoamylamine by fungi (Fusarium moniliforme).
PubMed:
Synthesis of nitrosomethylisoamylamine from isoamylamine and sodium nitrite by fungi.
PubMed:
Nitrogen fertilisation increases biogenic amines and amino acid concentrations in Vitis vinifera var. Riesling musts and wines.
PubMed:
[Studies on the synthesis of two new nitrosamines (NMAMBA and NMAMPA) from isoamylamine and sodium nitrite by fungi].
PubMed:
The deamination of isoamylamine by monamine oxidase in mitochondrial preparations from rat liver and heart: a comparison with phenylethylamine.
PubMed:
Impact of Gram-negative bacteria in interaction with a complex microbial consortium on biogenic amine content and sensory characteristics of an uncooked pressed cheese.
PubMed:
Levels of histamine and other biogenic amines in high-quality red wines.
PubMed:
Agonists for 13 trace amine-associated receptors provide insight into the molecular basis of odor selectivity.
PubMed:
Validation of a method for the analysis of biogenic amines: histamine instability during wine sample storage.
PubMed:
Study of the naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde pre-column derivatization of biogenic mono- and diamines in mixture and fluorescence-HPLC determination.
PubMed:
E-64c-hydrazide: a lead structure for the development of irreversible cathepsinâ
C inhibitors.
PubMed:
Diversity and assessment of potential risk factors of Gram-negative isolates associated with French cheeses.
PubMed:
Metabolic profiling of the protozoan parasite Entamoeba invadens revealed activation of unpredicted pathway during encystation.
PubMed:
Identification of puberty-accelerating pheromones in male mouse urine.
PubMed:
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assessment of amines in Port wine and grape juice after fast chloroformate extraction/derivatization.
PubMed:
Nakijiquinones J--R, sesquiterpenoid quinones with an amine residue from okinawan marine sponges.
PubMed:
Autophagy in tobacco BY-2 cells cultured under sucrose starvation conditions: isolation of the autolysosome and its characterization.
PubMed:
Analysis of puberty-accelerating pheromones.
PubMed:
Trace amine-associated receptors are olfactory receptors in vertebrates.
PubMed:
High-precision position-specific isotope analysis of 13C/12C in leucine and methionine analogues.
PubMed:
Seasonal changes in plasma concentrations of cecum-derived amines in clinically normal ponies and ponies predisposed to laminitis.
PubMed:
Gas chromatographic analysis of bacterial amines as their free bases.
PubMed:
Suppression of calcium-induced removal of the Z-line by a thiol-protease inhibitor, E-64-c.
PubMed:
Production of amines in equine cecal contents in an in vitro model of carbohydrate overload.
PubMed:
Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) of the rat aorta. Interactions with some naturally occurring amines and their structural analogues.
PubMed:
Interaction of 11 cisplatin analogues with DNA: characteristic pattern of damage with monofunctional analogues.
PubMed:
Nitrosatable amines and nitrosamide formation in natural stimulants: Cola acuminata, C. nitida and Garcinia cola.
PubMed:
Analysis of amines and other bacterial products by head-space gas chromatography.
PubMed:
Modification of ion-exchange membrane used for separation of protons and metallic cations and characterization of the membrane by current-voltage curves.
PubMed:
Application of polymethacrylate resin as stationary phase in liquid chromatography with UV detection for C1-C7 aliphatic monocarboxylic acids and C1-C7 aliphatic monoamines.
PubMed:
Uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine by equine digital vein endothelial cells: inhibition by amines found in the equine caecum.
PubMed:
Identification and quantification of amines in the equine caecum.
PubMed:
Effects of enzyme inducers and inhibitor on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous 2-(allylthio)pyrazine, a new chemoprotective agent, in rats.
PubMed:
[The occurence and distribution of volatile amines in marine algae].
PubMed:
THE METABOLISM OF THE ISCHEMIC KIDNEY : I. THE RESPIRATION AND THE OXIDASE ACTIVITY OF THE ISCHEMIC KIDNEY.
PubMed:
Ion-trap versus time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled to capillary electrophoresis to analyze biogenic amines in wine.
PubMed:
Separation and conductimetric detection of C1-C7 aliphatic monocarboxylic acids and C1-C7 aliphatic monoamines on unfunctionized polymethacrylate resin columns.
PubMed:
Effects of monoamines formed in the cecum of horses on equine digital blood vessels and platelets.
PubMed:
Attractants fromStaphylococcus aureus cultures for Mexican fruit fly,Anastrepha ludens.
PubMed:
Gas liquid chromatography of amines produced by the Enterobacteriaceae.
PubMed:
[Evidence of synthesizing secondary amines from primary amines by fungi--microbiological production of methylisoamylamine and piperidine].
PubMed:
Environmental effects on charge densities of biologically active molecules: do molecule crystal environments indeed approximate protein surroundings?
PubMed:
Michael acceptors as cysteine protease inhibitors.
PubMed:
Effect of cysteine protease inhibitor Ep-475 on TNF-alpha-independent cyclophosphamide-induced apoptosis in mouse lymphosarcoma LS cells.
PubMed:
Involvement of calpain in osteoclastic bone resorption.
PubMed:
Crystal structures of calpain-E64 and -leupeptin inhibitor complexes reveal mobile loops gating the active site.
PubMed:
Cysteine proteases are the major beta-secretase in the regulated secretory pathway that provides most of the beta-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease: role of BACE 1 in the constitutive secretory pathway.
PubMed:
Primate neurons show different vulnerability to transient ischemia and response to cathepsin inhibition.
PubMed:
Structural basis for development of cathepsin B-specific noncovalent-type inhibitor: crystal structure of cathepsin B-E64c complex.
PubMed:
Calpain-calpastatin: a novel, complete calcium-dependent protease system in human spermatozoa.
PubMed:
Postictal blockade of ischemic hippocampal neuronal death in primates using selective cathepsin inhibitors.
PubMed:
Striated muscle calcium-stimulated cysteine protease (calpain-like) activity promotes myeloperoxidase activity with exercise.
PubMed:
A calcium stimulated cysteine protease involved in isoproterenol induced cardiac hypertrophy.
PubMed:
m-calpain in rat growth plate chondrocyte cultures: its involvement in the matrix mineralization process.
PubMed:
Retraction of cultured endothelial cell monolayer by human breast cancer cells, MCF-7.
PubMed:
Determination of a cysteine protease inhibitor and its ethyl ester in mouse serum and muscle by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PubMed:
Protease inhibition causes some manifestations of aging and Alzheimer's disease in rodent and primate brain.
PubMed:
Effects of selective inhibition of cathepsin B and general inhibition of cysteine proteinases on lysosomal proteolysis in rat liver in vivo and in vitro.
PubMed:
Inhibition of interleukin 1-stimulated cartilage proteoglycan degradation by a lipophilic inactivator of cysteine endopeptidases.
PubMed:
A comparison between the binding modes of a substrate and inhibitor to papain as observed in complex crystal structures.
PubMed:
Suppressive effect of E-64c on ischemic degradation of cerebral proteins following occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats.
PubMed:
Diabetic state-induced activation of calcium-activated neutral proteinase in mouse skeletal muscle.
PubMed:
Differences in substrate specificities for cysteine proteinases used in blood group serology, and the use of bromelain in a two-phase inhibitor technique.
PubMed:
Cathepsin L--a latent proteinase in guinea pig sperm.
PubMed:
The role of increased proteolysis in the atrophy and arrest of proliferation in serum-deprived fibroblasts.
PubMed:
Two-step mechanism of myofibrillar protein degradation in acute plasmocid-induced muscle necrosis.
PubMed:
Limited benefit to genetically dystrophic chickens from a synthetic proteinase inhibitor: Ep475.
PubMed:
A novel type of autophagy occurs together with vacuole genesis in miniprotoplasts prepared from tobacco culture cells.
PubMed:
Effect of a cysteine protease inhibitor on Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) fecundity, egg viability, parasite burden, and size in experimentally infected sheep.
PubMed:
Involvement of calpain and synaptotagmin Ca2+ sensors in hormone secretion from excitable endocrine cells.
PubMed:
Cathepsin L plays an important role in the lysosomal degradation of L-lactate dehydrogenase.
PubMed:
Relative contribution of matrix metalloprotease and cysteine protease activities to cytokine-stimulated articular cartilage degradation.
PubMed:
A homologue of cathepsin L identified in conditioned medium from Sf9 insect cells.
PubMed:
Entamoeba histolytica: correlation of assessment methods to measure erythrocyte digestion, and effect of cysteine proteinases inhibitors in HM-1:IMSS and HK-9:NIH strains.
PubMed:
Differential effects of calpain inhibitors on hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes.
PubMed:
Participation of intracellular cysteine proteinases, in particular cathepsin B, in degradation of collagen in periosteal tissue explants.
PubMed:
Both cathepsin B and cathepsin D are necessary for processing of ovalbumin as well as for degradation of class II MHC invariant chain.
PubMed:
Effect of Ep475 on changes induced by calcium activated neutral protease on erythrocyte membrane.
PubMed:
The inhibition of interleukin 1-stimulated cartilage proteoglycan degradation by cysteine endopeptidase inactivators.
PubMed:
The ATP-independent pathway in red blood cells that degrades oxidant-damaged hemoglobin.
PubMed:
Ester and amide derivatives of E64c as inhibitors of platelet calpains.
PubMed:
Involvement of reactive oxygen species in post-ischaemic flap necrosis and its prevention by antioxidants.
PubMed:
Effects of the calpain inhibitor E64-d on platelet activation responses.
PubMed:
Isolation of rod outer segments on Percoll gradients: effect of specific protease inhibition.
PubMed:
Mode of binding of E-64-c, a potent thiol protease inhibitor, to papain as determined by X-ray crystal analysis of the complex.
PubMed:
Morphological, physiological and biochemical alterations in livers of rodents induced by protease inhibitors: a comparison with old livers.
PubMed:
Autodegradation of lysosomal cysteine proteinases.
PubMed:
Cleavage site of calcium-dependent protease in human platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib.
PubMed:
Metabolic acidosis stimulates protein degradation in rat muscle by a glucocorticoid-dependent mechanism.
PubMed:
Induction and inhibition of cathepsin B and hemoglobin-hydrolase activity in murine B16 melanoma by thiol protease inhibitors.
PubMed:
Isolation of two forms of the high-molecular-mass serine protease, ingensin, from porcine skeletal muscle.
PubMed:
Relation between in vivo effects and in vitro effects of serine and thiol proteinase inhibitors.
PubMed:
The effect of an in vivo-injected thiol protease inhibitor, E-64-c, on the calcium-induced degeneration of myofilaments.
PubMed:
Effects of cathepsin B, H, and D in pectoral muscle of dystrophic chickens (line 413) of in vivo administration of E-64-c (N-[N-(L-3-transcarboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)-L-leucyl]-3-methyl-butylamine).