Identification

Namehexyl acetate
IUPAChexyl acetate
CAS Number142-92-7
EINECS205-572-7
FDA UNII7U7KU3MWT0
Molecular FormulaC8 H16 O2
Molecular Weight144.21392000
MDL NumberMFCD00009524
Nikkaji NumberJ2.028A
Beilstein1747138
CoE Number196
XlogP32.40 (est)

Regulatory

JECFA Food Flavoring128 hexyl acetate
DG SANTE Food Flavourings09.006 hexyl acetate
FEMA Number2565
FDANo longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm (SATF)142-92-7 ; HEXYL ACETATE
FDA RegulationFDA PART 172 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION

Physical Properties

Appearance colorless clear oily liquid (est)
Assay 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed Yes
Specific Gravity 0.86800 to 0.87600 @ 25.00 °C., 0.86900 to 0.87700 @ 20.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est). 7.223 to 7.289
Pounds per Gallon - est. 7.239 to 7.306
Refractive Index 1.40600 to 1.41100 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point -80.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point 170.00 to 172.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg, 61.00 to 62.00 °C. @ 12.00 mm Hg
Acid Value 1.00 max. KOH/g
Vapor Pressure 1.391000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Vapor Density 4.9 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point 132.00 °F. TCC ( 55.56 °C. )
logP (o/w) 2.870
Shelf Life 24.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly.
Storage store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light.
Soluble in alcohol
Stability alcoholic lotion

Cosmetic Information

CosIng['cosmetic data2', 'cosmetic data']
Cosmetic Usesflavoring agents

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Strength medium ,
Substantivity 5 hour(s) at 100.00 %
Odor Description
at 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol.
Green, fruity, sweet, fatty, fresh, apple and pear
green fruity sweet fatty fresh apple pear
sweet, fruity, pear-like, somewhat green
A green, fruity, sweet, aldehydic note reminiscent of pear.
fresh, fruity, pear note
fruity green apple banana cherry Sweet fruity Berry-and-Pear-like
Aldehydic/ Aldehyde, Fruity, Green, Sweet
Sweet, fruity-berry-and-Pear-like, Amyl acetate (but milder), floral and green
PLEASANT, FRUITY
Odor sample from International Flavors & Fragrances Inc.
Taste Description
at 15.00 ppm.
sweet, fruity, estery, similar to pear, slightly green
sweet, fruity, estery, similar to pear
fruity green fresh sweet banana peel apple pear
sweet, fruity
BITTERSWEET, SUGGESTIVE OF PEAR

Safety Information

Preferred SDSView
European informationMost important hazard(s):
Human Experience4 % solution: no irritation or sensitization.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicityoral-rat LD50 41500 ul/kg
Dermal Toxicityskin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg
Inhalation ToxicityNot determined

GHS Classification

['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']

Safety in Use

Categoryflavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety AssessmentSearch
Recommendation for hexyl acetate usage levels up to5.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU)3200.00 (μg/capita/day)
baked goods-
beverages(nonalcoholic)-
beverages(alcoholic)-
breakfast cereal-
cheese-
chewing gum-
condiments / relishes-
confectionery froastings-
egg products-
fats / oils-
fish products-
frozen dairy-
fruit ices-
gelatins / puddings-
granulated sugar-
gravies-
hard candy-
imitation dairy-
instant coffee / tea-
jams / jellies-
meat products-
milk products-
nut products-
other grains-
poultry-
processed fruits-
processed vegetables-
reconstituted vegetables-
seasonings / flavors-
snack foods-
soft candy-
soups-
sugar substitutes-
sweet sauces-

Advanced Biotech. Inc.

Inspired by Nature

A diverse range of products, all meeting our stringent commitment to quality.

View All Website 973-339-6242 info@adv-bio.com

Alfrebro LLC/ Archer Daniels Midland Company

Let's get reacquainted

Building great taste with aroma chemicals, extracts, and distillates

View All Website 513-539-7373 sforbis@alfrebro.com

Augustus Oils Ltd

The Premier Supplier

Augustus Oils Ltd, in harmony with nature - to present it at its best...

View All Website +44 (0)1420 590555 essentials@augustus-oils.ltd.uk

Axxence Aromatic GmbH

We bring nature to your flavour

Dedicated to provide the best possible quality and supply service of natural aroma ingredients.

View All Website +49.2822.68561.0 service@axxence.com

Azelis UK Ltd.

Chemical Distribution

Azelis is a leading global distributor of speciality chemicals.

View All Website +44 1858 545 837 fi@azelis.co.uk

Beijing Lys Chemicals Co, LTD.

From Grams to Tons

Fine chemical high-tech company which contains R&D, production, and sales.

View All Website 86-10-68418738 jiayanyong@lyschem.com

Berje Inc.

Where the world comes to its senses

Where the world comes to its senses - Berjé is a global distributor of Essential Oils and Aromatic Chemicals.

View All Website 973-748-8980 tlauzurica@berjeinc.com

Bontoux SAS

Major international supplier

Major international Producer of aromatic ingredients for the production of fragrances, flavors, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and Aromatherapy.

View All Website + 1.908.755.4800 contact@bontoux.com

Charkit Chemical Corporation

The Specialty Chemical Specialists

Explore this website to discover the products and services that Charkit provides for your industry and please contact us directly to find out how we can be of service to you.

View All Website 203-299-3220 sales@charkit.com

ECSA Chemicals

Human Chemistry

ECSA Chemicals has been active since 1913 in the trading and international commerce of raw materials. With an organisation divided into industrial segments managed by specialists, it has become one of...

View All Website +41 91 695 88 00 marketing@ecsa.ch

Elan Inc.

Legacy of Innovation

Highest quality natural and synthetic products.

View All Website +86 021 57448053 (Elan Shanghai) dpimentel@elan-chemical.com

Excellentia International

Ingredients by Nature

Exceptional quality and excellence in meeting our customers requirements.

View All Website 732.749.9840 info@excellentiaint.com

Fleurchem, Inc.

Have A Flavorful Day

A leading global manufacturer and supplier of ingredients for Flavors, Fragrances, AromaTherapy, Foods, Beverages, Personal Care Products, and other uses.

View All Website 845-341-2100 info@fleurchem.com

Global Essence Inc.

Preferred Partner

Accommodate each customers unique needs.

View All Website 001 732 677 1100 info@globalessenceuk.com

FRUTAROM USA INC,

Flavor & Specialty Ingredients

Your preferred partner for flavour and fragrance success.

View All Website +44 (0) 1429 863 222 Sales.IFFIngredients@iff.com

Indukern, S.A. F&F Ingredients Division

Commitment to quality

Idukern F&F Ingredients is your partner for the fragrance and flavor ingredients.

View All Website +34 93 506 91 00 info@indukern.es

Jiangyin Healthway International Trade Co., Ltd

Independent Ingredients Supplier

We provide custom synthesis and contract manufacturing from milligrams to metric tonnes.

View All Website 86-510-86023169 info@healthwaychem.com

Lluch Essence S.L.

A family company dedicated to sales and distribution

Flexibility, availability, price and quality.

View All Website 34 93 379 38 49 web@lluche.com

M&U International LLC

Steady supply & demand

Meeting customers increasing demands at home as well as abroad.

View All Website 908-359-9000 sales@mu-intel.com

Moellhausen S.P.A.

THE CHEMISTRY OF EMOTIONS

Innovation and commitment in the name of excellence.

View All Website +39 039.685.6262

OQEMA

With a focus on providing the highest level of service

OQEMA has established itself at the forefront of the global chemical industry.

View All Website +1 973 886 3778 fandf@oqema.co.uk

Pell Wall Perfumes

Hand-made fragrances

Pell Wall maintains a broad palette of ingredients & in order to keep stocks fresh & the options wide we also sell from our own stock.

View All Website +44 (0) 20 3745 0887 https://pellwall.com/contact-us/

Penta International Corporation

Chemistry innovation

At Penta, our products and services help businesses do business better.

View All Website (973) 740-2300 lisaa@pentamfg.com

PerfumersWorld Ltd.

feeeel... the smell!

The one-stop resource for the creative perfumer.

View All Website +66(0)2-99-800-80 pwenquiries@perfumersworld.com

Anhui Primechem Co., Ltd.

Where Scent Matters Most

Dependable supply and professional services to exceed our client's expectations.

View All Website +86-551-628 355 29 henry@primekem.com

Prodasynth

PRODUCTEUR PAR ESSENCE

Chemical specialist in manufacturing, distributing and sourcing of tailor-made ingredients for the Flavour & Fragrance industry.

View All Website (33) 4 93 09 00 11 info@prodasynth.com

Robertet, Inc.

HOME OF NATURE, SEED TO SCENT

HOME OF NATURE – natural ingredients from the source.

View All Website +1.201.337.7100 info@robertetUSA.com

Sigma-Aldrich

Complete Supply Chain

The perfect blend of products and services that bring your creativity to life.

View All Website 800-244-1173 ff@sial.com

SRS Aromatics Ltd

For over 25 years

Bringing flavour and fragrance into your world.

View All Website +44 (0) 1284 704076 info@srsaromatics.co.uk

Sunaux International

Buy With Confidence

We have industry leading processes and procedures to ensure nothing but the most reliable product.

View All Website 0512-57995626 johnjft@sunaux.com

Symrise AG

Always Insiring More

Symrise aroma molecules & cosmetic ingredients for unique and innovative fragrances, flavors and cosmetics.

View All Website +49 5531 90 0 scentandcare@symrise.com

Synerzine, Inc.

Innovation. Customization. Aroma Ingredients.

Synerzine is a leading supplier of flavor and fragrance ingredients.

View All Website (404) 524-6744 info@synerzine.com

Taytonn ASCC Pte Ltd

Supplying Asia Pacific

We fully understand the demands of the F&F industry and we endeavour to supply quality products, with ready availability and a personalised service.

View All Website + 65 - 6861 8113 info@taytonnascc.com

TCI AMERICA

Moving Your Chemistry Forward

We continuously strive to advance our technology.

View All Website 1-800-423-8616 Sales-US@TCIchemicals.com;

The John D. Walsh Company, Inc

Suppliers Since 1942

Supplying the fragrance and flavor industry with high quality products.

View All Website 973-962-1400 info@johndwalsh.com

The Lermond Company

Your Sourcing Resource

The Lermond family has been sourcing raw materials for the flavor and fragrance industry for nearly 7 decades.

View All Website 201-896-3300 info@lermond.com

R C Treatt and Co Ltd

Innovative ingredient solutions

World-leading innovative ingredient solutions provider for the flavour, fragrance and FMCG industries.

View All Website +1 863 668 9500 enquiries@treatt.com

Qingdao Free Trade Zone United International Co Ltd

Quality Products

A partner in your supply chain solution.

View All Website +86-532-83893699 info@unitedint.com

Ernesto Ventós S.A.

Leaders in essence

We employ our five senses to do our job well.

View All Website +1 856 226 7501 info@ventos.com

Vigon International

Passion for Simplicity

Manufacturer and supplier of high quality flavor and fragrance ingredients.

View All Website 570-476-6300 sales@vigon.com

WholeChem, LLC

Connecting Innovators To the Building Blocks Of the Universe

Custom manufacturer and distributor of specialty ingredients. We make global local.

View All Website +1 (262) 995.8668 info@wholechem.com

Zanos Ltd.

Distributor of Speciality Chemicals and Natural Ingredients

Sourcing and supplying quality aroma chemicals and prestige natural ingredients for the flavour and fragrance industry.

View All Website +44 (0) 1565 755899 sales@zanos.co.uk

Potential Uses

FR agrumen aldehyde FR aldehydic FR apple FR apple blossom FR crabapple FR apple green apple FR apple red apple FR apricot FR ash mountain ash blossom FR banana FR bark FL beer FR blackberry blossom tropical blossom FR boxwood blossom FL brandy FR butterscotch FR champaca FR cherry FL cherry wild cherry FR chestnut blossom FR chrysanthemum FR citrus FL cloudberry bakeapple FR cognac FR cologne FR colonia FR country meadow FR crabapple blossom FR cranberry FL curacao FL/FR currant bud absolute replacer FR date FR eglantine FR elder berry FR fig FR foliage FR freesia FR fruit FR gooseberry FR grape FR grapefruit FR green FR herbal FR hibiscus FR hop FR huckleberry FR hugonia FR iris blossom FL jackfruit FR jasmin FR kewda FR kiwi FR kiwi blossom FR kumquat FR lavender FR lime FR lychee FR magnolia FR mango FR mango flower FR melon FR mock orange FR mulberry FL necterine FR pansy FR papaya FR passion blossom FR passion fruit FR pear FL pear bartlett pear FR pear blossom FL pear emperor pear FL/FR petitgrain bergamot petitgrain FR pineapple FR pomegranate ripe rose wild rose FR spearmint FR stephanotis FR strawberry strawberry leaf FR sweet grass FR tangerine FL tea black tea FR tea green tea FL tropical FR verbena FR wisteria FL/FR yerba mate FR ylang ylang

Natural Occurrence

apple fruit apple juice PMC banana fruit beer PMC bergamot oil @ 0.000-0.002% Data blueberry fruit juice broccoli asparagus broccoli plant cantaloupe petiole chamomile garden chamomile plant champaca concrete @ trace% Data cider PMC cognac PMC frankincense oil somalia @ 0.10% Data guava fruit guava fruit oil reunion @ 0.10% Data heracleum paphlagonicum czeczott fruit oil turkey @ 1.30% Data hyacinthus orientalis absolute @ trace-0.01% Data lavandin oil abrialis @ 0.24% Data lavandin oil china @ 0.10% Data lavandin oil grosso @ 0.17% Data lavender oil CO2 extract france @ 0.15% Data lavender oil france @ 1.96% Data mango fruit mangosteen fruit neroli oil CO2 extract @ 0.04% Data oat seed papaya fruit peach fruit pear fruit plum fruit plumcot fruit PMC salvia atropatana bunge oil iran @ 0.10% Data soybean leaf strawberry wild strawberry fruit tea black tea wine white & red wine ylang ylang oil II (cananga odorata hook. f. and thomas.) @ 0.01% Data

Synonyms

acet C-6 acetate C-6 acetate C-6 (natural) acetate C-6 FCC acetic acid hexyl ester acetic acid hexylester acetic acid N-hexyl ester acetic acid, hexyl ester 1- hexyl acetate N- hexyl acetate hexyl acetate nat. hexyl acetate hexyl acetate FCC hexyl acetate natural hexyl acetate, natural hexyl alcohol acetate hexyl alcohol, acetate hexyl ethanoate N- hexyl ethanoate hexyl-acetate FCC hexylacetate hexyle acetate Info: Volatile Flavor Components in Bogyojosaeng and Suhong Cultivars of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) PubMed: FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ANTENNAL ESTERASE FROM THE NOCTUID MOTH, Spodoptera exigua. PubMed: Chemical studies on curuba (Passiflora mollissima (Kunth) L. H. Bailey) fruit flavour. PubMed: Characterization of aroma compounds of Chinese famous liquors by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and flash GC electronic-nose. PubMed: Volatile constituents of commercial imported and domestic black-ripe table olives (Olea europaea). PubMed: Highly sensitive electrochemical detection of methyl salicylate using electroactive gold nanoparticles. PubMed: Influence of volatile thiols in the development of blackcurrant aroma in red wine. PubMed: Odour-active compounds in guava (Psidium guajava L. cv. Red Suprema). PubMed: Relationships between harvest time and wine composition in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon 1. Grape and wine chemistry. PubMed: Identification and field evaluation of pear fruit volatiles attractive to the oriental fruit moth, Cydia molesta. PubMed: Electroanalytical studies on green leaf volatiles for potential sensor development. PubMed: Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of the black-banded oak borer, Coroebus florentinus, to conspecific and host-plant volatiles. PubMed: Grape contribution to wine aroma: production of hexyl acetate, octyl acetate, and benzyl acetate during yeast fermentation is dependent upon precursors in the must. PubMed: Temperature dependence of ion transport in dilute tetrabutylammonium triflate-acetate solutions and self-diffusion in pure acetate liquids. PubMed: Comparative metabolic profiling to investigate the contribution of O. oeni MLF starter cultures to red wine composition. PubMed: Headspace-solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometer and to enantioselective gas chromatography for strawberry flavoured food quality control. PubMed: Effects of bagging on volatiles and polyphenols in "Wanmi" peaches during endocarp hardening and final fruit rapid growth stages. PubMed: Fusarium infection in maize: volatile induction of infected and neighboring uninfected plants has the potential to attract a pest cereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus. PubMed: Identification and field evaluation of attractants for the cranberry weevil, Anthonomus musculus Say. PubMed: Hollow fiber-based liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) of isradipine and its main metabolite followed by chiral HPLC analysis: application to an in vitro biotransformation study. PubMed: Synthesis of a macromonomer library from high-temperature acrylate polymerization. PubMed: Response of cranberry weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to host plant volatiles. PubMed: Attraction of New Zealand flower thrips, Thrips obscuratus, to cis-jasmone, a volatile identified from Japanese honeysuckle flowers. PubMed: Characterization of volatile substances in apples from Rosaceae family by headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by GC-qMS. PubMed: Quantification approach for assessment of sparkling wine volatiles from different soils, ripening stages, and varieties by stir bar sorptive extraction with liquid desorption. PubMed: Vicia faba-Lygus rugulipennis interactions: induced plant volatiles and sex pheromone enhancement. PubMed: Impact of thermal and nonthermal processing technologies on unfermented apple cider aroma volatiles. PubMed: Concentration-detection functions for the odor of homologous n-acetate esters. PubMed: Optimisation of stir bar sorptive extraction and liquid desorption combined with large volume injection-gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry for the determination of volatile compounds in wines. PubMed: Characterization of proton-bound acetate dimers in ion mobility spectrometry. PubMed: Adults and nymphs do not smell the same: the different defensive compounds of the giant mesquite bug (Thasus neocalifornicus: Coreidae). PubMed: Sex pheromone of the plant bug, Phytocoris calli knight. PubMed: 13C-labelling patterns of green leaf volatiles indicating different dynamics of precursors in Brassica leaves. PubMed: The influence of different nutrient levels on insect-induced plant volatiles in Bt and conventional oilseed rape plants. PubMed: Application of single-drop microextraction combined with in-microvial derivatization for determination of acidic herbicides in water samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PubMed: Differentiation of certified brands of origins of Spanish white wines by HS-SPME-GC and chemometrics. PubMed: Quantification of selected aroma-active compounds in strawberries by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography and correlation with sensory descriptive analysis. PubMed: Determination of volatile compounds in cider spirits by gas chromatography with direct injection. PubMed: Antifungal activity of strawberry fruit volatile compounds against Colletotrichum acutatum. PubMed: Changes in the volatile compounds and chemical and physical properties of Kuerle fragrant pear (Pyrus serotina Reld) during storage. PubMed: Female-biased attraction of Oriental fruit fly, bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), to a blend of host fruit volatiles from Terminalia catappa L. PubMed: Metabolite production of yeasts on a strawberry-agar during storage at 7 degrees C in air and low oxygen atmosphere. PubMed: The effect of increased yeast alcohol acetyltransferase and esterase activity on the flavour profiles of wine and distillates. PubMed: Single-drop microextraction followed by in-syringe derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric detection for determination of organic acids in fruits and fruit juices. PubMed: Effect of a short contact time with lees on volatile composition of Airen and Macabeo wines. PubMed: Determination of phenols in water samples by single-drop microextraction followed by in-syringe derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric detection. PubMed: Wound-induced green leaf volatiles cause the release of acetylated derivatives and a terpenoid in maize. PubMed: Olfactory coding in Drosophila larvae investigated by cross-adaptation. PubMed: Developmental and varietal differences in volatile ester formation and acetyl-CoA: alcohol acetyl transferase activities in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit. PubMed: Interaction of cyclodextrins with aliphatic acetate esters and aroma components of La France pear. PubMed: Application of purge and trap extraction and gas chromatography for determination of minor esters in cider. PubMed: New products of defense secretion in south east Asian whip scorpions (Arachnida: Uropygi: Thelyphonida). PubMed: Dynamic headspace liquid-phase microextraction of alcohols. PubMed: Investigation of volatiles in Charentais cantaloupe melons (Cucumis melo Var. cantalupensis). Characterization of aroma constituents in some cultivars. PubMed: Flavor release and rheology behavior of strawberry fatfree stirred yogurt during storage. PubMed: A female-specific attractant for the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, from apple fruit volatiles. PubMed: Expression levels of the yeast alcohol acetyltransferase genes ATF1, Lg-ATF1, and ATF2 control the formation of a broad range of volatile esters. PubMed: Pheromones of milkweed bugs (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) attract wayward plant bugs: Phytocoris mirid sex pheromone. PubMed: Neurophysiological and behavioural evidence for an olfactory function for the dorsal organ and a gustatory one for the terminal organ in Drosophila melanogaster larvae. PubMed: Application of hexanal, E-2-hexenal, and hexyl acetate to improve the safety of fresh-sliced apples. PubMed: Germination and adhesion of fungal conidia on polycarbonate membranes and on apple fruit exposed to mycoactive acetate esters. PubMed: Influence of flavour absorption by food-packaging materials (low-density polyethylene, polycarbonate and polyethylene terephthalate) on taste perception of a model solution and orange juice. PubMed: Sensory evaluation of character impact components in an apple model mixture. PubMed: Character impact odorants of the apple cultivars Elstar and Cox Orange. PubMed: Mycoactive acetate esters from apple fruit stimulate adhesion and germination of conidia of the gray mold fungus. PubMed: The occurrence of malolactic fermentation in brandy base wine and its influence on brandy quality. PubMed: Influence of flavour absorption on oxygen permeation through LDPE, PP, PC and PET plastics food packaging. PubMed: Response of plum curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to odor-baited traps near woods. PubMed: Attractants from Bartlett pear for codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), larvae. PubMed: Optimized synthesis of lipase-catalyzed hexyl acetate in n-hexane by response surface methodology. PubMed: Behavioral responses of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, to green leaf volatiles of Brassica oleracea subsp. capitata. PubMed: A continuous membrane bioreactor for ester synthesis in organic media: I. Operational characterization and stability. PubMed: Kinetics of cutinase catalyzed transesterification in AOT reversed micelles: modeling of a batch stirred tank reactor. PubMed: Determination of acetic acid in aqueous samples, by water-phase derivatisation, solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography. PubMed: Effect of increased yeast alcohol acetyltransferase activity on flavor profiles of wine and distillates. PubMed: Quantitative trait loci influencing honeybee alarm pheromone levels. PubMed: Assimilation of volatiles from ripe apples by Sporidiobolus salmonicolor and Tilletiopsis washingtonensis. PubMed: [Identification of volatile compounds of hawthorn by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)]. PubMed: Relationship of anesthetic activity of alkyl acetates to hydrophobicity and in vivo effect on membrane fluidity in mice. PubMed: Herbivore-induced volatile emissions from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings. PubMed: Multiple genetic control of acetate-induced olfactory responses in Drosophila melanogaster larvae. PubMed: Plant-natural enemy association in tritrophic system,Cotesia rubecula-Pieris rapae-brassicaceae (Cruciferae). III: Collection and identification of plant and frass volatiles. PubMed: Alarm pheromone system of leaf-footed bugLeptoglossus zonatus (Heteroptera: Coreidae). PubMed: Defensive secretion of rice bug,Leptocorisa oratorius fabricius, (Hemiptera: Coreidae): A unique chemical combination and its toxic, repellent, and alarm properties. PubMed: Electroantennogram response of alfalfa seed chalcid,Bruchophagus roddi (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) to host- and nonhost-plant volatiles. PubMed: Control of olfactory-induced behavior in alfalfa seed chalcid (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) by celestial light. PubMed: Strawberry foliage headspace vapor components at periods of susceptibility and resistance toTetranychus urticae Koch. PubMed: Identification of apple volatiles attractive to the apple maggot,Rhagoletis pomonella. PubMed: Bioassay of compounds derived from the honeybee sting.