linoleic and linolenic acids
linoleic and linolenic acid (mixture)
Identification
| Name | linoleic and linolenic acids |
| IUPAC | (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid; (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid |
| CAS Number | 60-33-3 |
| FDA UNII | 9KJL21T0QJ |
| Molecular Formula | C36 H62 O4 |
| Molecular Weight | 558.88694000 |
Regulatory
| JECFA Food Flavoring | 332 linoleic and linolenic acid (mixture) |
| FEMA Number | 3380 |
| FDA | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| FDA Mainterm (SATF) | 977043-76-7 ; 9,12-OCTADECADIENOIC ACID (48%) AND 9,12,15-OCTADECATRIENOIC ACID (52%) |
Physical Properties
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed | No |
| Boiling Point | 365.20 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg |
| logP (o/w) | 7.050 |
| Soluble in | alcohol |
Cosmetic Information
| CosIng | cosmetic data |
| Cosmetic Uses | antistatic agents |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Strength | none |
| Odor Description | at 100.00 %. |
Safety Information
| European information | Most important hazard(s): |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity | intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 280 mg/kg |
| Dermal Toxicity | Not determined |
| Inhalation Toxicity | Not determined |
GHS Classification
['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']
Safety in Use
| Category | cosmetic, flavor and fragrance agents |
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment | Search |
| baked goods | - |
| beverages(nonalcoholic) | - |
| beverages(alcoholic) | - |
| breakfast cereal | - |
| cheese | - |
| chewing gum | - |
| condiments / relishes | - |
| confectionery froastings | - |
| egg products | - |
| fats / oils | - |
| fish products | - |
| frozen dairy | - |
| fruit ices | - |
| gelatins / puddings | - |
| granulated sugar | - |
| gravies | - |
| hard candy | - |
| imitation dairy | - |
| instant coffee / tea | - |
| jams / jellies | - |
| meat products | - |
| milk products | - |
| nut products | - |
| other grains | - |
| poultry | - |
| processed fruits | - |
| processed vegetables | - |
| reconstituted vegetables | - |
| seasonings / flavors | - |
| snack foods | - |
| soft candy | - |
| soups | - |
| sugar substitutes | - |
| sweet sauces | - |
Chemical sources Association Inc
Exchange of knowledge
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Synerzine, Inc.
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Tianjin Danjun International Trade Co., LTD.
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Potential Uses
Natural Occurrence
Synonyms
linoleic (48%) and linolenic (52%) acids
linoleic and linolenic acid (mixture)
linolenic (52%) acids and linoleic (48%)
octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid and octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid
(9Z,12Z)-
octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid; (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid
octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid and octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid
octadecadienoic acid (48%) + 9,12- & 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (52%)
9,12-
octadecadienoic acid (48%) and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (52%)
9,12,15-
octadecatrienoic acid (52%) and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (48%)
PubMed:
Subcutaneous adipose fatty acid profiles and related rumen bacterial populations of steers fed red clover or grass hay diets containing flax or sunflower-seed.
PubMed:
Effects of 1-year intervention with a mediterranean diet on plasma Fatty acid composition and metabolic syndrome in a population at high cardiovascular risk.
PubMed:
Types of oilseed and adipose tissue influence the composition and relationships of polyunsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation products in steers fed a grass hay diet.
PubMed:
Protective effects of dietary PUFA against chronic disease: evidence from epidemiological studies and intervention trials.
PubMed:
Oxylipins generation in Lactobacillus helveticus in relation to unsaturated fatty acid supplementation.
PubMed:
Fatty acid profile, color and lipid oxidation of meat from young bulls fed ground soybean or rumen protected fat with or without monensin.
PubMed:
Jacaric acid is rapidly metabolized to conjugated linoleic acid in rats.
PubMed:
At line prediction of PUFA and biohydrogenation intermediates in perirenal and subcutaneous fat from cattle fed sunflower or flaxseed by near infrared spectroscopy.
PubMed:
Determination of thermally induced trans-fatty acids in soybean oil by attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography analysis.
PubMed:
Fatty acid profile, trans-octadecenoic, α-linolenic and conjugated linoleic acid contents differing in certified organic and conventional probiotic fermented milks.
PubMed:
A 4-week repeated oral dose toxicity study of dairy fat naturally enriched in vaccenic, rumenic and α-linolenic acids in rats.
PubMed:
Influence of colour type and previous cultivation on secondary metabolites in hypocotyls and leaves of maca (Lepidium meyenii Walpers).
PubMed:
Improving the fatty acid profile of dairy cow milk by combining grazing with feeding of total mixed ration.
PubMed:
Prooxidant activity of oxidized alpha-tocopherol in vegetable oils.
PubMed:
Incorporation and metabolism of punicic acid in healthy young humans.
PubMed:
Punicic acid from Trichosanthes kirilowii seed oil is rapidly metabolized to conjugated linoleic acid in rats.
PubMed:
Oxidative stability of conjugated linolenic acids.
PubMed:
Fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and phytosterol composition in six Tunisian olive varieties.
PubMed:
Effects of cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 CLA isomers on liver and adipose tissue fatty acid profile in hamsters.
PubMed:
Analysis of alpha-linolenic acid biohydrogenation intermediates in milk fat with emphasis on conjugated linolenic acids.
PubMed:
Inhibitory action of conjugated C18-fatty acids on DNA polymerases and DNA topoisomerases.
PubMed:
Alpha-eleostearic acid (9Z11E13E-18:3) is quickly converted to conjugated linoleic acid (9Z11E-18:2) in rats.
PubMed:
Recommended methods of fatty acid methylester preparation for conjugated dienes and trienes in food and biological samples.
PubMed:
Methods for analysis of conjugated linoleic acids and trans-18:1 isomers in dairy fats by using a combination of gas chromatography, silver-ion thin-layer chromatography/gas chromatography, and silver-ion liquid chromatography.
PubMed:
Influence of harvest date and crop yield on the fatty acid composition of virgin olive oils from cv. Picual.
PubMed:
Tumor growth suppression by alpha-eleostearic acid, a linolenic acid isomer with a conjugated triene system, via lipid peroxidation.
PubMed:
Comparative methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate oxidation in the presence of bovine serum albumin at several lipid/protein ratios.
PubMed:
The metabolic conversion of 9,11,13-eleostearic acid (18:3) to 9,11-conjugated linoleic acid (18:2) in the rat.
PubMed:
Nutritional profile of food yeast Kluyveromyces fragilis biomass grown on whey.
PubMed:
Purification of hydroperoxide lyase from green bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruits for the generation of C6-aldehydes in vitro.
PubMed:
Extension of AOAC Official Method 996.01 to the analysis of Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1846 and infant formulas.
PubMed:
Fatty acid composition of lipids in sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) berries of different origins.
PubMed:
Linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids differently modify the effects of elaidic acid on polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism and some immune indices in rats.
PubMed:
Comparative hypocholesterolemic effects of capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris dabbenei) oil, horse oil, and sardine oil in cholesterol-fed rats.
PubMed:
Simultaneous determination of acrolein, malonaldehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal produced from lipids oxidized with Fenton's reagent.
PubMed:
Medium-chain triacylglycerols in formulas for preterm infants: effect on plasma lipids, circulating concentrations of medium-chain fatty acids, and essential fatty acids.
PubMed:
Inhibitory effect of 2"-O-glycosyl isovitexin and alpha-tocopherol on genotoxic glyoxal formation in a lipid peroxidation system.
PubMed:
Influence of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis)-seed oil containing cis-5,cis-9,cis-12-octadecatrienoic acid on polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism, eicosanoid production and blood pressure of rats.
PubMed:
Application of the balance method to determining accumulation, metabolism, and apparent oxidation of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids in the pregnant rat.
PubMed:
Dietary linoleic, alpha-linolenic and oleic acids are oxidized at similar rates in rats fed a diet containing these acids in equal proportions.
PubMed:
Carotenoid scavenging of radicals. Effect of carotenoid structure and oxygen partial pressure on antioxidative activity.
PubMed:
Low zinc intake increases apparent oxidation of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids in the pregnant rat.
PubMed:
Borage or primrose oil added to standardized diets are equivalent sources for gamma-linolenic acid in rats.
PubMed:
Arachidonic acid concentrations in plasma and liver phospholipid and cholesterol esters of piglets raised on formulas with different linoleic and linolenic acid contents.
PubMed:
Determination of the optimal ratio of linoleic acid to alpha-linolenic acid in infant formulas.
PubMed:
Long chain omega 3 polyunsaturates in formula-fed term infants.
PubMed:
Alpha-linolenic acid: functions and effects on linoleic acid metabolism and eicosanoid-mediated reactions.
PubMed:
Effects of dietary oleic, linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids on blood pressure, serum lipids, lipoproteins and the formation of eicosanoid precursors in patients with mild essential hypertension.
PubMed:
[Does food affect brain functions?].
PubMed:
The requirements and utilization of dietary fatty acids in the newborn infant.
PubMed:
The effects of dietary alpha-linolenic acid on the composition of nerve membranes, enzymatic activity, amplitude of electrophysiological parameters, resistance to poisons and performance of learning tasks in rats.
PubMed:
FDA alert on evening primrose oil.
PubMed:
[A supplement with poly-unsaturated nutrients in the development and stabilization of the rat brain].
PubMed:
Linoleic acid and linolenic acid: effect on permeability properties of cultured endothelial cell monolayers.
PubMed:
[Current recommendations concerning rational use of fats. II. Value of polyunsaturated fatty acids from the n-6 and n-3 groups and general recommendations].
PubMed:
Effects of dietary poly-unsaturated fatty acids on tracheal histaminergic and cholinergic responsiveness in experimental models of bronchial hypersensitivity and hyperreactivity.
PubMed:
Comparison of the metabolism of linoleic and linolenic acids in the fetal rat.
PubMed:
Pain, prostaglandins, and food lipids. Influences of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on eicosanoid synthesis and effects.
PubMed:
Increased requirements for essential fatty acids in atopic individuals: a review with clinical descriptions.
PubMed:
Mutagenicity tests of lipid oxidation products in Salmonella typhimurium: monohydroperoxides and secondary oxidation products of methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate.
PubMed:
[Nutrition physiology studies with formula diets: metabolism of multiple unsaturated fatty acids and prostaglandin biosynthesis in the human].
PubMed:
Dietary fat, prostaglandins and the immune response.
PubMed:
Volatile lipid oxidation products.
PubMed:
Decrease in essential fatty acid content of edible fats during the frying process.
PubMed:
Cardiovascular effects of linoleic acid.
PubMed:
Haemostatic function and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
PubMed:
Effects of all cis-5,8,11,14,17 eicosapentaenoic acid and PGH3 on platelet aggregation.
PubMed:
Anorectic activity of prostaglandin precursors.
PubMed:
Improved procedures for the isolation of pure oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids or their methyl esters from natural sources.
PubMed:
Specific inhibition of hepatic fatty acid synthesis exerted by dietary linoleate and linolenate in essential fatty acid adequate rats.
PubMed:
Essential fatty acid requirements in infancy.
PubMed:
Essential fatty acids and fetal brain growth.
PubMed:
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the mammalian brain.
PubMed:
Differences in the amount and range of volatile carbonyl compounds formed by lipoxygenase isoenzymes from soybeans.
PubMed:
Lipid autoxidation in precooked dehydrated sweet potato flakes stored in air.
PubMed:
The component fatty acids of Aspergillus ochraceus fat.
PubMed:
[Results of comparative analyses of linoleic and linolenic acids in the laboratories of CSSR].
PubMed:
Evaluation of modern foods as sources of lipids. In: lipids, malnutrition & the developing brain.