laevo-tyrosine
L-tyrosine
Identification
| Name | laevo-tyrosine |
| IUPAC | (2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid |
| CAS Number | 60-18-4 |
| EINECS | 200-460-4 |
| FDA UNII | 42HK56048U |
| Molecular Formula | C9 H11 N O3 |
| Molecular Weight | 181.19127000 |
| MDL Number | MFCD00002606 |
| Nikkaji Number | J9.173A |
| Beilstein | 0392441 |
| XlogP3 | -2.30 (est) |
Regulatory
| JECFA Food Flavoring | 1434 L-tyrosine |
| DG SANTE Food Flavourings | 17.022 L-tyrosine |
| FEMA Number | 3736 |
| FDA | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| FDA Mainterm (SATF) | 60-18-4 ; L-TYROSINE |
| FDA Regulation | FDA PART 172 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION |
Physical Properties
| Appearance | white crystalline needles (est) |
| Assay | 99.00 to 100.00 |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed | No |
| Melting Point | 342.00 to 344.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point | 351.17 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est) |
| Flash Point | > 230.00 °F. TCC ( > 110.00 °C. ) |
| logP (o/w) | 0.380 |
| Soluble in | alcohol |
Cosmetic Information
| CosIng | cosmetic data |
| Cosmetic Uses | antistatic agents |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Strength | none |
| Odor Description | at 100.00 %. |
Safety Information
| Preferred SDS | View |
| European information | Most important hazard(s): |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity | intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 > 1450 mg/kg |
| Dermal Toxicity | Not determined |
| Inhalation Toxicity | Not determined |
GHS Classification
['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']
Safety in Use
| Category | special dietary and nutritional additives |
| Recommendation for laevo-tyrosine usage levels up to | not for fragrance use. |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU) | 10.00 (μg/capita/day) |
| baked goods | - |
| beverages(nonalcoholic) | - |
| beverages(alcoholic) | - |
| breakfast cereal | - |
| cheese | - |
| chewing gum | - |
| condiments / relishes | - |
| confectionery froastings | - |
| egg products | - |
| fats / oils | - |
| fish products | - |
| frozen dairy | - |
| fruit ices | - |
| gelatins / puddings | - |
| granulated sugar | - |
| gravies | - |
| hard candy | - |
| imitation dairy | - |
| instant coffee / tea | - |
| jams / jellies | - |
| meat products | - |
| milk products | - |
| nut products | - |
| other grains | - |
| poultry | - |
| processed fruits | - |
| processed vegetables | - |
| reconstituted vegetables | - |
| seasonings / flavors | - |
| snack foods | - |
| soft candy | - |
| soups | - |
| sugar substitutes | - |
| sweet sauces | - |
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Synerzine, Inc.
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Potential Uses
Natural Occurrence
Synonyms
ajipure tyrosine
(2S)-2-
amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid
(2S)-2-
amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
L-2-
amino-3-p-hydroxyphenylpropanoic acid
beta-p-
hydroxyphenyl alanine
beta-para-
hydroxyphenyl alanine
laevo-beta-(p-
hydroxyphenyl) alanine
laevo-beta-(para-
hydroxyphenyl) alanine
3-(4-
hydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine
3-(4-
hydroxyphenyl)-laevo-alanine
L-
phenylalanine, 4-hydroxy-
rxosine
tirosina
L-
tyrosin
(S)-(-)-
tyrosine
L-
tyrosine
L-(-)-
tyrosine
L-p-
tyrosine
L-
tyrosine FCC
L-
tyrosine natural
tyrosine, L-
PubMed:
Metabolic engineering for p-coumaryl alcohol production in Escherichia coli by introducing an artificial phenylpropanoid pathway.
PubMed:
Biosynthesis of p-anisaldehyde by the white-rot basidiomycete Pleurotus ostreatus.
PubMed:
Metabolic engineering for p-coumaryl alcohol production in Escherichia coli by introducing an artificial phenylpropanoid pathway.
PubMed:
Accurate determination of reference materials and natural isolates by means of quantitative (1)h NMR spectroscopy.
PubMed:
Construction and application of novel feedback-resistant 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthases by engineering the N-terminal domain for L-phenylalanine synthesis.
PubMed:
Working memory reloaded: tyrosine repletes updating in the N-back task.
PubMed:
Single-step purification of peroxidase by 4-aminobenzohydrazide from Turkish blackradish and Turnip roots.
PubMed:
Isophilippinolide A arrests cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis for anticancer inhibitory agents in human melanoma cells.
PubMed:
Impact of addition of aromatic amino acids on non-volatile and volatile compounds in lychee wine fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae MERIT.ferm.
PubMed:
Purification of a fucoidan from kelp polysaccharide and its inhibitory kinetics for tyrosinase.
PubMed:
A chiral ligand exchange CE system for monitoring inhibitory effect of kojic acid on tyrosinase.
PubMed:
A novel amperometric biosensor based on a co-crosslinked L-lysine-α-oxidase/overoxidized polypyrrole bilayer for the highly selective determination of L-lysine.
PubMed:
Inhibitory kinetics of chlorocinnamic acids on mushroom tyrosinase.
PubMed:
Immobilized capillary tyrosinase microreactor for inhibitor screening in natural extracts by capillary electrophoresis.
PubMed:
Isolation and characterization of biologically active melanin from Actinoalloteichus sp. MA-32.
PubMed:
High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of biogenic amines in pharmaceutical products containing Citrus aurantium.
PubMed:
Metabonomic analysis of urine from rats after low-dose exposure to 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol using UPLC-MS.
PubMed:
[Asymmetric synthesis of aromatic L-amino acids catalyzed by transaminase].
PubMed:
Biofunctional Constituents from Liriodendron tulipifera with Antioxidants and Anti-Melanogenic Properties.
PubMed:
Requirements for in vitro germination of Paenibacillus larvae spores.
PubMed:
One-step purification of lactoperoxidase from bovine milk by affinity chromatography.
PubMed:
Dioscin: a synergistic tyrosinase inhibitor from the roots of Smilax china.
PubMed:
Characterization of ergothionase from Burkholderia sp. HME13 and its application to enzymatic quantification of ergothioneine.
PubMed:
Fast determination of N-phenylpropenoyl-l-amino acids (NPA) in cocoa samples from different origins by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis.
PubMed:
Action of tyrosinase on ortho-substituted phenols: possible influence on browning and melanogenesis.
PubMed:
Changes in tyrosinase specificity by ionic liquids and sodium dodecyl sulfate.
PubMed:
Leucine is essential for attenuating fetal growth restriction caused by a protein-restricted diet in rats.
PubMed:
GC-MS based metabolomics for rapid simultaneous detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Muenchen, and Salmonella Hartford in ground beef and chicken.
PubMed:
Purification of carbonic anhydrase-II from sheep liver and inhibitory effects of some heavy metals on enzyme activity.
PubMed:
Characterization of codon-optimized recombinant candida rugosa lipase 5 (LIP5).
PubMed:
Effects of thymol on mushroom tyrosinase-catalyzed melanin formation.
PubMed:
Assessment of enzymatic methods in the δ18O value determination of the L-tyrosine p-hydroxy group for proof of illegal meat and bone meal feeding to cattle.
PubMed:
Development of L-tryptophan production strains by defined genetic modification in Escherichia coli.
PubMed:
Nutritional and medicinal aspects of D-amino acids.
PubMed:
Tetrahydrofolic Acid is a potent suicide substrate of mushroom tyrosinase.
PubMed:
The tyrosine O-prenyltransferase SirD catalyzes O-, N-, and C-prenylations.
PubMed:
Determination of L-tyrosine by beta-cyclodextrin sensitized fluorescence quenching method.
PubMed:
Growth-sensitive gold nanoshells precursor nanocomposites for the detection of L-DOPA and tyrosinase activity.
PubMed:
Isolation, cloning and characterization of a tyrosinase with improved activity in organic solvents from Bacillus megaterium.
PubMed:
[Phosphatase activity in Amoeba proteus at low pH].
PubMed:
Bioproduction of p-hydroxystyrene from glucose by the solvent-tolerant bacterium Pseudomonas putida S12 in a two-phase water-decanol fermentation.
PubMed:
Separation and determination of l-tyrosine and its metabolites by capillary zone electrophoresis with a wall-jet amperometric detection.
PubMed:
Absorption of N-phenylpropenoyl-L-amino acids in healthy humans by oral administration of cocoa (Theobroma cacao).
PubMed:
Kinetic characterization of O-phospho-L-tyrosine phosphohydrolase activity of two fungal phytases.
PubMed:
[Construction and expression of the soybean isoflavonoid biosynthetic pathway in Escherichia coli].
PubMed:
L-tyrosine. Monograph.
PubMed:
Serine dehydratase and tyrosine aminotransferase activities increased by long-term starvation and recovery by refeeding in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
PubMed:
Bioproduction of p-hydroxybenzoate from renewable feedstock by solvent-tolerant Pseudomonas putida S12.
PubMed:
Design and synthesis of opioidmimetics containing 2',6'-dimethyl-L-tyrosine and a pyrazinone-ring platform.
PubMed:
A thioredoxin of Sinorhizobium meliloti CE52G is required for melanin production and symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
PubMed:
The tyrosine degradation gene hppD is transcriptionally activated by HpdA and repressed by HpdR in Streptomyces coelicolor, while hpdA is negatively autoregulated and repressed by HpdR.
PubMed:
Elucidating the mechanism of laccase and tyrosinase in wheat bread making.
PubMed:
Bifunctional [2',6'-dimethyl-L-tyrosine1]endomorphin-2 analogues substituted at position 3 with alkylated phenylalanine derivatives yield potent mixed mu-agonist/delta-antagonist and dual mu-agonist/delta-agonist opioid ligands.
PubMed:
Stereospecificity of mushroom tyrosinase immobilized on a chiral and a nonchiral support.
PubMed:
Antioxidant and antimelanogenic activities of polyamine conjugates from corn bran and related hydroxycinnamic acids.
PubMed:
Transformation of mu-opioid receptor agonists into biologically potent mu-opioid receptor antagonists.
PubMed:
Optimization of the solvent-tolerant Pseudomonas putida S12 as host for the production of p-coumarate from glucose.
PubMed:
On-column coaxial flow chemiluminescence detection for underivatized amino acids by pressurized capillary electrochromatography using a monolithic column.
PubMed:
Quantitative analysis of N-phenylpropenoyl-L-amino acids in roasted coffee and cocoa powder by means of a stable isotope dilution assay.
PubMed:
Isolation and Characterization of Strain MMB-1 (CECT 4803), a Novel Melanogenic Marine Bacterium.
PubMed:
Hen egg white lysozyme as an inhibitor of mushroom tyrosinase.
PubMed:
Production, properties and application to biocatalysis of a novel extracellular alkaline phenol oxidase from the thermophilic fungus Scytalidium thermophilum.
PubMed:
Purification and characterization of Ocimum basilicum L. polyphenol oxidase.
PubMed:
Isolation and identification of flavonoids in licorice and a study of their inhibitory effects on tyrosinase.
PubMed:
Effects of mushroom tyrosinase on anisaldehyde.
PubMed:
Isolation, structure determination, synthesis, and sensory activity of N-phenylpropenoyl-L-amino acids from cocoa (Theobroma cacao).
PubMed:
Sensory-guided decomposition of roasted cocoa nibs (Theobroma cacao) and structure determination of taste-active polyphenols.
PubMed:
Characterization and purification of polyphenol oxidase from artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.).
PubMed:
Studies on the structure-activity relationship of 2',6'-dimethyl-l-tyrosine (Dmt) derivatives: bioactivity profile of H-Dmt-NH-CH(3).
PubMed:
Tyrosinase inhibitors isolated from the edible brown alga Ecklonia stolonifera.
PubMed:
Low molecular weight compounds responsible for savory taste of Indonesian soy sauce.
PubMed:
A sphingolipid and tyrosinase inhibitors from the fruiting body of Phellinus linteus.
PubMed:
Purification and characterization of a serine carboxypeptidase from Kluyveromyces marxianus.
PubMed:
Synthesis of lipophilic clovamide derivatives and their antioxidative potential against lipid peroxidation.
PubMed:
Augmentation of endogenous dopamine production increases lung liquid clearance.
PubMed:
Effect of nitration on the activity of bovine erythrocyte Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (BESOD) and a kinetic analysis of its dimerization-dissociation reaction as examined by subunit exchange between the native and nitrated BESODs.
PubMed:
Tyrosinase inhibition kinetics of anisic acid.
PubMed:
Differentiation of natural and synthetic phenylalanine and tyrosine through natural abundance 2H nuclear magnetic resonance.
PubMed:
Competitive inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase by 4-substituted benzaldehydes.
PubMed:
Protein-bound D-amino acids, and to a lesser extent lysinoalanine, decrease true ileal protein digestibility in minipigs as determined with (15)N-labeling.
PubMed:
Kinetic study of the oxidation of gamma-L-glutaminyl-4-hydroxybenzene catalyzed by mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) tyrosinase.
PubMed:
Flavonols from saffron flower: tyrosinase inhibitory activity and inhibition mechanism.
PubMed:
Proton NMR relaxation studies of solid tyrosine derivatives and their mixtures with L-leucinamide.
PubMed:
Evidence that phenylalanine hydroxylation rates are overestimated in neonatal subjects receiving total parenteral nutrition with a high phenylalanine content.
PubMed:
N-acetyl-L-tyrosine (NAT) as a substrate for mushroom tyrosinase.
PubMed:
Analysis of native human plasma proteins and haemoglobin for the presence of bityrosine by high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:
Changes in blood-brain barrier nutrient transport in the offspring of iodine-deficient rats and their preventability.
PubMed:
Molecular and phenotypic methods for the characterization of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida.
PubMed:
Comparison of trypsin and chymotrypsin from the viscera of anchovy, Engraulis japonica.
PubMed:
Anorexic action of a new potential neuropeptide Y antagonist [D-Tyr27,36, D-Thr32]-NPY (27-36) infused into the hypothalamus of the rat.
PubMed:
Failure of dietary amino acid supplementation at weaning to influence reproductive traits of sows.
PubMed:
Isolation and properties of gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase in Euglena gracilis.
PubMed:
L-tyrosine potentiates the anorexia induced by mixed-acting sympathomimetic drugs in hyperphagic rats.
PubMed:
Pediatric parenteral amino acid mixture in low birth weight infants.
PubMed:
Development of a chronic canine model for measurement of absorption by substrate appearance in portal venous blood.
PubMed:
The nutritive value and safety of D-phenylalanine and D-tyrosine in mice.
PubMed:
Lactational response of dairy cows to oral administration of L-tyrosine.
PubMed:
Pituitary hormone release in response to food ingestion: evidence for neuroendocrine signals from gut to brain.
PubMed:
Characterization and evaluation of Aspergillus oryzae lactase coupled to a regenerable support.
PubMed:
Plasma tyrosine in normal humans: effects of oral tyrosine and protein-containing meals.
PubMed:
Biosynthesis of cyanogenic glycosides.
PubMed:
[Induction of tyrosine aminotransferase (EC 2.5.1.5) by nicotinamide in rat liver (author's transl)].
PubMed:
Nutritional improvement of food proteins by enzymatic modification, especially by plastein synthesis reaction.
PubMed:
Effects on the diet on brain neurotransmitters.
PubMed:
Partial Purification and Some Properties of Tyrosine Phenol-Lyase from Aeromonas phenologenes ATCC 29063.
PubMed:
Isolation of Aeromonas sp. ATCC 29063, a phenol-producing organism, from fresh haddock.
PubMed:
A Nonproteolytic "Trypsin-like" Enzyme: Purification and Properties of Arachain.