methyl formate
formic acid, methyl ester
Identification
| Name | methyl formate |
| IUPAC | methyl formate |
| CAS Number | 107-31-3 |
| EINECS | 203-481-7 |
| FDA UNII | 1MPH591FTG |
| Molecular Formula | C2 H4 O2 |
| Molecular Weight | 60.05228000 |
| MDL Number | MFCD00003291 |
| Nikkaji Number | J4.064I |
| Beilstein | 1734623 |
| CoE Number | 10795 |
Regulatory
| FDA/DG SANTE Petitions, Reviews, Notices | FCN 630 |
| DG SANTE Food Flavourings | 09.642 methyl formate |
Physical Properties
| Appearance | colorless clear liquid (est) |
| Assay | 99.00 to 100.00 |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed | No |
| Specific Gravity | 0.97400 to 0.97500 @ 25.00 °C. |
| Pounds per Gallon - (est). | 8.105 to 8.113 |
| Refractive Index | 1.34100 to 1.34600 @ 20.00 °C. |
| Melting Point | -100.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point | 31.50 to 31.80 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg, 8.00 to 9.00 °C. @ 300.00 mm Hg |
| Vapor Pressure | 731.903992 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Vapor Density | 2.1 ( Air = 1 ) |
| Flash Point | -16.00 °F. TCC ( -26.67 °C. ) |
| logP (o/w) | 0.030 |
| Soluble in | alcohol |
| Similar Items | note |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Description | at 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol. |
| Taste Description | plum |
Safety Information
| Preferred SDS | View |
| European information | Most important hazard(s): |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity | oral-rat LD50 1500 mg/kg |
| Dermal Toxicity | skin-guinea pig LD50 > 20 ml/kg |
| Inhalation Toxicity | inhalation-rat LC50 5200 mg/m3/4H |
GHS Classification
['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']
Safety in Use
| Category | flavoring agents |
| Recommendation for methyl formate usage levels up to | not for fragrance use. |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU) | 0.97 (μg/capita/day) |
| Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI) | 2700 (μg/person/day) |
| Threshold of Concern | 1800 (μg/person/day) |
| Structure Class | I |
| Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0) | 5.00000 |
| Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0) | 5.00000 |
| Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0) | 10.00000 |
| Processed fruit (04.1) | 7.00000 |
| Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2) | - |
| Confectionery (05.0) | 5.00000 |
| Chewing gum (05.3) | - |
| Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0) | 5.00000 |
| Bakery wares (07.0) | 5.00000 |
| Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0) | 2.00000 |
| Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0) | - |
| Eggs and egg products (10.0) | - |
| Sweeteners, including honey (11.0) | - |
| Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0) | 5.00000 |
| Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0) | 10.00000 |
| Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1) | 2.00000 |
| Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2) | 5.00000 |
| Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0) | 20.00000 |
| Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0) | 5.00000 |
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Potential Uses
Natural Occurrence
Synonyms
formic acid methyl ester
formic acid, methyl ester
formicacidmethylester
methyl ester of formic acid
methyl methanoate
methylformate
PubMed:
Correction to "ab initio reaction kinetics of hydrogen abstraction from methyl formate by hydrogen, methyl, oxygen, hydroxyl, and hydroperoxy radicals".
PubMed:
Detection and Identification of the Keto-Hydroperoxide (HOOCH2OCHO) and Other Intermediates during Low-Temperature Oxidation of Dimethyl Ether.
PubMed:
Sonophotodeposition of Bimetallic Photocatalysts Pd-Au/TiO2 : Application to Selective Oxidation of Methanol to Methyl Formate.
PubMed:
Dynamical, spectroscopic and computational imaging of bond breaking in photodissociation: roaming and role of conical intersections.
PubMed:
Comparison of sample preparation methods for the quantitative analysis of eicosanoids and other oxylipins in plasma by means of LC-MS/MS.
PubMed:
Formation of complex organic molecules in methanol and methanol-carbon monoxide ices exposed to ionizing radiation--a combined FTIR and reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry study.
PubMed:
Methyl N-phenyl carbamate synthesis from aniline and methyl formate: carbon recycling to chemical products.
PubMed:
Addition-elimination versus Tishchenko reaction in the gas phase.
PubMed:
The formation of glycine and other complex organic molecules in exploding ice mantles.
PubMed:
Low-energy electron-induced chemistry of condensed methanol: implications for the interstellar synthesis of prebiotic molecules.
PubMed:
Mass spectral characterisation of a polar, esterified fraction of an organic extract of an oil sands process water.
PubMed:
Theoretical spectroscopic characterization at low temperatures of S-methyl thioformate and O-methyl thioformate.
PubMed:
Homogeneous hydrogenation of COâ to methyl formate utilizing switchable ionic liquids.
PubMed:
Electrocatalytic oxidation and adsorption rate of methanol at Pt stepped single-crystal electrodes and effect of Ru step decoration: a DEMS study.
PubMed:
Ag/Au mixed sites promote oxidative coupling of methanol on the alloy surface.
PubMed:
Accurate bond energies of biodiesel methyl esters from multireference averaged coupled-pair functional calculations.
PubMed:
Surface treatment with methyl formate-methyl acetate increased the shear bond strength between reline resins and denture base resin.
PubMed:
Molecular hydrogen formation from photocatalysis of methanol on anatase-TiOâ(101).
PubMed:
Roads leading to roam. Role of triple fragmentation and of conical intersections in photochemical reactions: experiments and theory on methyl formate.
PubMed:
The α-effect and competing mechanisms: the gas-phase reactions of microsolvated anions with methyl formate.
PubMed:
Variation in concentration of perfluorooctanoic acid in methanol solutions during storage.
PubMed:
Shape-controlled solvothermal synthesis of Bi2S3 for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to methyl formate in methanol.
PubMed:
Graphene-supported Au-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles with excellent catalytic performance in selective oxidation of methanol to methyl formate.
PubMed:
LC-MS/MS method for rapid and concomitant quantification of pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites.
PubMed:
DFT investigations for the reaction mechanism of dimethyl carbonate synthesis on Pd(II)/β zeolites.
PubMed:
Mechanisms of lactone hydrolysis in neutral and alkaline conditions.
PubMed:
Mechanisms of lactone hydrolysis in acidic conditions.
PubMed:
Accurate treatment of two-dimensional non-separable hindered internal rotors.
PubMed:
Photocatalytic cross-coupling of methanol and formaldehyde on a rutile TiO2(110) surface.
PubMed:
An exchangeable-tip scanning probe instrument for the analysis of combinatorial libraries of electrocatalysts.
PubMed:
Sequential photo-oxidation of methanol to methyl formate on TiO2(110).
PubMed:
Influence of the O-protonation in the OâC-O-Me Z preference. A QTAIM study.
PubMed:
High-temperature measurements of the reactions of OH with small methyl esters: methyl formate, methyl acetate, methyl propanoate, and methyl butanoate.
PubMed:
Synchrotron FTIR spectroscopy of weak torsional bands: a case study of cis-methyl formate.
PubMed:
Ab initio reaction kinetics of hydrogen abstraction from methyl formate by hydrogen, methyl, oxygen, hydroxyl, and hydroperoxy radicals.
PubMed:
Spontaneous electric fields in films of cis-methyl formate.
PubMed:
Computational mechanistic study of the hydrogenation of carbonate to methanol catalyzed by the Ru(II)PNN complex.
PubMed:
Volatile compounds and sensory analysis of both harvests of double-cut Yakima peppermint (Mentha piperita L.).
PubMed:
Dissociative electron-ion recombination of the interstellar species protonated glycolaldehyde, acetic acid, and methyl formate.
PubMed:
Transient Ru-methyl formate intermediates generated with bifunctional transfer hydrogenation catalysts.
PubMed:
Mechanistic investigations on dimethyl carbonate formation by oxidative carbonylation of methanol over a CuY zeolite: an operando SSITKA/DRIFTS/MS study.
PubMed:
Methyl 2,2'-dimethyl-4'-[2-(methyl-sulfan-yl)eth-yl]-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H,4'H-spiro-[isoquinoline-4,5'-oxazole]-4'-carboxyl-ate.
PubMed:
Carbonylation of nitrobenzene in methanol with palladium bidentate phosphane complexes: an unexpectedly complex network of catalytic reactions, centred around a Pd-imido intermediate.
PubMed:
Acute airway irritation of methyl formate in mice.
PubMed:
Quantifying temperature and flow rate effects on the performance of a fixed-bed chromatographic reactor.
PubMed:
Structure of complexes formed by dissolution of palladium diacetate in methanol and chloroform. In situ NMR study.
PubMed:
Methyl formate and its mono and difluoro derivatives: conformational manifolds, basicity, and interaction with HF theoretical investigation.
PubMed:
Potential energy surface and rotational cross sections for methyl formate colliding with helium.
PubMed:
[Spectralsignatures of nickel and vanadium supported photocatalysts and their photocatalytic properties].
PubMed:
Thermal decomposition of methyl 2-azidopropionate studied by UV photoelectron spectroscopy and matrix isolation IR spectroscopy: heterocyclic intermediate vs imine formation.
PubMed:
Spatial distributions and interstellar reaction processes.
PubMed:
Effect of ionization on infrared and electronic absorption spectra of methyl and ethyl formate in the gas phase and in astrophysical H2O ice: a computational study.
PubMed:
Fuel-specific influences on the composition of reaction intermediates in premixed flames of three C5H10O2 ester isomers.
PubMed:
Molecular elimination of methyl formate in photolysis at 234 nm: roaming vs. transition state-type mechanism.
PubMed:
Magnetic hyperfine coupling of a methyl group undergoing internal rotation: a case study of methyl formate.
PubMed:
The effect of chemical surface treatments on the flexural strength of repaired acrylic denture base resin.
PubMed:
On the temperature dependence of flammability limits of gases.
PubMed:
Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 in methanol to methyl formate over CuO-TiO2 composite catalysts.
PubMed:
Atmospheric chemistry of C2F5CH2OCH3 (HFE-365mcf).
PubMed:
Elevated formic acid concentrations in putrefied post-mortem blood and urine samples.
PubMed:
Product study of the OH radical and Cl atom initiated oxidation of 1,3-dioxane.
PubMed:
A Study of Micronucleus Induction with Methyl Formate and 2-Methylbutane in Bone Marrow Cells of Male ICR Mice.
PubMed:
Electronic state spectroscopy of methyl formate probed by high resolution VUV photoabsorption, He(i) photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations.
PubMed:
Reactivity of heteropolytungstate and heteropolymolybdate metal transition salts in the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methanol and COâ.
PubMed:
Ab initio chemical kinetics of methyl formate decomposition: the simplest model biodiesel.
PubMed:
Guaiane sesquiterpenes from seaweed Ulva fasciata Delile and their antibacterial properties.
PubMed:
Insights into the mechanistic photodissociation of methyl formate.
PubMed:
Nanoporous gold catalysts for selective gas-phase oxidative coupling of methanol at low temperature.
PubMed:
Removal of high concentration dimethyl methylphosphonate in the gas phase by repeated-batch reactions using TiO2.
PubMed:
Binuclear TiOMn charge-transfer chromophore in mesoporous silica.
PubMed:
Metabolism and cometabolism of cyclic ethers by a filamentous fungus, a Graphium sp.
PubMed:
Methanol electrooxidation on PtRu bulk alloys and carbon-supported PtRu nanoparticle catalysts: a quantitative DEMS study.
PubMed:
N-formylation of amines via the aerobic oxidation of methanol over supported gold nanoparticles.
PubMed:
Selectivity control in gold-mediated esterification of methanol.
PubMed:
Gas-phase fragmentation of protonated C60-pyrimidine derivatives.
PubMed:
Flow through reactors for organic chemistry: directly electrically heated tubular mini reactors as an enabling technology for organic synthesis.
PubMed:
Analysis of potassium formate in airport storm water runoff by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PubMed:
Photodissociation dynamics of methyl formate at 193.3 nm: Branching ratios, kinetic-energy distributions, and angular anisotropies of products.
PubMed:
Molecular dynamics prediction of the mechanism of ester hydrolysis in water.
PubMed:
Photochemical study of the transport properties of gases in polymer films.
PubMed:
A study on flammability limits of fuel mixtures.
PubMed:
Biodiesel production by supercritical process with crude bio-methanol prepared by wood gasification.
PubMed:
Improved efficiency of focal point conformational analysis with truncated correlation consistent basis sets.
PubMed:
Catalytic oxidation of methanol on Pd metal and oxide clusters at near-ambient temperatures.
PubMed:
The relationship of methanol and formate concentrations in fatalities where methanol is detected.
PubMed:
Methanol oxidation using ozone on titania-supported vanadia catalyst.
PubMed:
Towards predictive inhibitor design for the EGFR autophosphorylation activity.
PubMed:
Carbon dioxide fixation into chemicals (methyl formate) at high yields by surface coupling over a Pd/Cu/ZnO nanocatalyst.
PubMed:
Conformational equilibria in formic acid and the adduct of formic acid and hexafluoroacetone, HCO2C(CF3)2OH.
PubMed:
Solvent type affects the number, distribution, and relative quantities of volatile compounds found in sweet whey powder.
PubMed:
Sevoflurane breakdown produces flammable concentrations of hydrogen.
PubMed:
Structures and properties of zirconia-supported ruthenium oxide catalysts for the selective oxidation of methanol to methyl formate.
PubMed:
On gas phase alpha-effects. 1. The gas-phase manifestation and potential SET character.
PubMed:
Interferometric observations of large biologically interesting interstellar and cometary molecules.
PubMed:
Photocatalytic oxidation of methyl ethyl ketone over sol-gel and commercial TiO2 for the improvement of indoor air.
PubMed:
Active control of methanol carbonylation selectivity over Au/carbon anode by electrochemical potential.
PubMed:
Collision-energy-resolved penning ionization electron spectroscopy of HCOOH, CH3COOH, and HCOOCH3 by collision with He*(2(3)S) metastable atoms.
PubMed:
Extended Le Chatelier's formula for carbon dioxide dilution effect on flammability limits.
PubMed:
Recognition of small polar molecules with an ionic crystal of alpha-Keggin-type polyoxometalate with a macrocation.
PubMed:
Solvent effects on the structural and formyl substrate reactivity properties of a nitrogen/sulfur-ligated zinc hydroxide complex.
PubMed:
Production of methyl-oxonium ion and its complexes in the core-excited (HC(O)OCH3)n clusters: H/H+ transfer from the alpha carbonyl.
PubMed:
Mechanism of the aminolysis of methyl benzoate: a computational study.
PubMed:
Dimethyl ether oxidation at elevated temperatures (295-600 K).
PubMed:
Some basic parameters of microspheres fabricated from a branched oligoester by a rapid procedure.
PubMed:
Multiple isotope effect study of the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl formate.
PubMed:
Electrochemical oxidation of methanol using dppm-bridged Ru/Pd, Ru/Pt and Ru/Au catalysts.
PubMed:
[Hygienic standards of the occupational air quality established by the Experts on Chemical Agents, 2002].
PubMed:
Synthesis of porritoxin.
PubMed:
Alcohol dehydrogenases that catalyse methyl formate synthesis participate in formaldehyde detoxification in the methylotrophic yeast Candida boidinii.
PubMed:
Effect of oil substitution in chiral microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography.
PubMed:
[Diagnostic importance of formic acid detection in methyl alcohol poisoning].
PubMed:
Photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide over TiO2.
PubMed:
Mechanistic study of the gas-phase decomposition of methyl formate.
PubMed:
Post-mortem analysis of formic acid disposition in acute methanol intoxication.
PubMed:
In situ FTIR studies on the effect of temperature on the electro-oxidation of small organic molecules at the Ru(0001) electrode.
PubMed:
Metal-catalyzed silacyclopropanation of mono- and disubstituted alkenes.
PubMed:
A theoretical analysis of the free-energy profile of the different pathways in the alkaline hydrolysis of methyl formate in aqueous solution.
PubMed:
Hydroxide as general base in the saponification of ethyl acetate.
PubMed:
Methyl rotational barriers in amides and thioamides.
PubMed:
Ellipsometric study of undersaturated critical adsorption.
PubMed:
Synthesis, structure, and reactions of (acylimino)triaryl-lambda(5)-bismuthanes: first comparative study of the (acylimino)pnictorane series.
PubMed:
Barriers to rotation in methyl formate by dynamic NMR spectroscopy and barriers to 1,3 oxygen-to-oxygen migration in methyl formate and trifluoromethyl formate by ab initio calculations.
PubMed:
Verification of NEXAFS assignments by a comparison of fragmentation between gaseous and condensed methyl formate.
PubMed:
Multiple isotope effects on the acyl group transfer reactions of amides and esters.
PubMed:
Formate species in the low-temperature oxidation of dimethyl ether.
PubMed:
The gas-phase reaction between hydroxide ion and methyl formate: a theoretical analysis of the energy surface and product distribution.
PubMed:
Solvent effects on oxygen-17 chemical shifts in methyl formate: linear solvation shift relationships.
PubMed:
Isopropanol and methylformate exposure in a foundry: exposure data and neurobehavioural measurements.
PubMed:
Toxicokinetic modelling of methyl formate exposure and implications for biological monitoring.
PubMed:
Branched oligoester microspheres fabricated by a rapid emulsion solvent extraction method.
PubMed:
Urinary methanol and formic acid as indicators of occupational exposure to methyl formate.
PubMed:
Experimental exposure to methylformate and its neurobehavioral effects.
PubMed:
Substitutes for methylene chloride as dental softening agent.
PubMed:
Growth of Candida boidinii on methanol and the activity of methanol-degrading enzymes as affected from formaldehyde and methylformate.
PubMed:
Analysis of methanol or formic acid in body fluids by headspace solid-phase microextraction and capillary gas chromatography.
PubMed:
Hemiacetal dehydrogenation activity of alcohol dehydrogenases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
PubMed:
Ester synthesis by NAD(+)-dependent dehydrogenation of hemiacetal: production of methyl formate by cells of methylotrophic yeasts.
PubMed:
Purification and properties of methyl formate synthase, a mitochondrial alcohol dehydrogenase, participating in formaldehyde oxidation in methylotrophic yeasts.
PubMed:
Oxidative cleavage of esters and amides to carbonyl products by cytochrome P450.
PubMed:
A novel formaldehyde oxidation pathway in methylotrophic yeasts: methylformate as a possible intermediate.
PubMed:
Insertion reactions of metal carbonyl anions with methyl formate in the gas phase as revealed by (13)C- and D-labeling.
PubMed:
The spectrum of Orion-KL at 2 millimeters (150-160 GHz).
PubMed:
Interferometric observations for oxygen-containing organic molecules toward Orion-KL.
PubMed:
Dye-linked dehydrogenase activities for formate and formate esters in Amycolatopsis methanolica. Characterization of a molybdoprotein enzyme active with formate esters and aldehydes.
PubMed:
Determination of prostaglandins in human seminal fluid by solid-phase extraction, pyridinium dichromate derivatization and high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:
Observations of some oxygen-containing and sulfur-containing organic molecules in cold dark clouds.
PubMed:
In vivo enzymology: a deuterium NMR study of formaldehyde dismutase in Pseudomonas putida F61a and Staphylococcus aureus.
PubMed:
Seed Dormancy in Red Rice : VII. Structure-Activity Studies of Germination Stimulants.
PubMed:
Gas chromatographic analysis of methyl formate and application in methanol poisoning cases.
PubMed:
Rapid quantification of 11 prostanoids by combined capillary column gas chromatography and negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry: application to prostanoids released from normal human embryonic lung fibroblasts WI38 in a culture medium.
PubMed:
Polymerization of phenols catalyzed by peroxidase in nonaqueous media.
PubMed:
Determination of 2,3-dinor-6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha in urine samples by liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay.
PubMed:
Studies on the decomposition of the oxime HI 6 in aqueous solution.
PubMed:
Peroxidases depolymerize lignin in organic media but not in water.
PubMed:
Proposed structure for the noncovalently associated heme prosthetic group of dissimilatory nitrite reductases. Configuration of substituents of acrylochlorin.
PubMed:
Simultaneous extraction and preparation for high-performance liquid chromatography of prostaglandins and phospholipids.
PubMed:
Measurement of human venous plasma prostacyclin and metabolites by radioimmunoassay: a reappraisal.
PubMed:
Factors influencing the resistance of biological monitors to ethylene oxide.
PubMed:
Rapid extraction of oxygenated metabolites of arachidonic acid from biological samples using octadecylsilyl silica.
PubMed:
Gas chromatographic head-space assay of formic acid as methyl formate in biologic fluids: potential application to methanol poisoning.
PubMed:
Sorption processes in gas sterilization in the medical sector.