para-cresol

4-hydroxytoluene

CAS: 106-44-5 C7 H8 O MW: 108.13996000 phenolic phenolic

Identification

Namepara-cresol
IUPAC4-methylphenol
CAS Number106-44-5
EINECS203-398-6
FDA UNII1MXY2UM8NV
Molecular FormulaC7 H8 O
Molecular Weight108.13996000
MDL NumberMFCD00002376
Nikkaji NumberJ1.185A
Beilstein1305151
CoE Number619
XlogP31.90 (est)

Regulatory

JECFA Food Flavoring693 p-cresol
DG SANTE Food Flavourings04.028 4-methylphenol
DG SANTE Food Contact Materials4-methylphenol
FEMA Number2337
FDANo longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm (SATF)106-44-5 ; P-CRESOL
FDA RegulationFDA PART 172 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION

Physical Properties

Appearance white crystals (est)
Assay 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed No
Melting Point 32.00 to 35.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point 201.80 to 202.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg, 121.00 to 122.00 °C. @ 50.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure 0.110000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C.
Vapor Density 3.72 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point 193.00 °F. TCC ( 89.44 °C. )
logP (o/w) 1.940
Soluble in alcohol
Insoluble in water

Cosmetic Information

CosIngcosmetic data
Cosmetic Usesantimicrobial agents

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Strength high ,
Substantivity 400 hour(s) at 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol
Odor Description
at 0.10 % in dipropylene glycol.
PHENOL, ANIMALIC, NARCISSUS, MIMOSA
Odor sample from Berje Inc.
Taste Description
phenolic
phenolic

Safety Information

Preferred SDSView
European informationMost important hazard(s):
Human Experience4 % solution: no irritation or sensitization.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicityoral-rat LD50 207 mg/kg
Dermal Toxicityskin-rabbit LD50 301 mg/kg
Inhalation Toxicityinhalation-rat LC50 > 710 mg/m3/1H

GHS Classification

['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']

Safety in Use

Categorycosmetic, flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety AssessmentSearch
Recommendation for para-cresol usage levels up to0.0500 % in the fragrance concentrate.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU)0.97 (μg/capita/day)
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA)1.00 (μg/capita/day)
baked goods0.01000
beverages(nonalcoholic)-
beverages(alcoholic)-
breakfast cereal-
cheese-
chewing gum-
condiments / relishes-
confectionery froastings-
egg products-
fats / oils-
fish products-
frozen dairy0.01000
fruit ices0.01000
gelatins / puddings-
granulated sugar-
gravies-
hard candy0.01000
imitation dairy-
instant coffee / tea-
jams / jellies-
meat products-
milk products-
nut products-
other grains-
poultry-
processed fruits-
processed vegetables-
reconstituted vegetables-
seasonings / flavors-
snack foods-
soft candy-
soups-
sugar substitutes-
sweet sauces-

Augustus Oils Ltd

The Premier Supplier

Augustus Oils Ltd, in harmony with nature - to present it at its best...

View All Website +44 (0)1420 590555 essentials@augustus-oils.ltd.uk

Berje Inc.

Where the world comes to its senses

Where the world comes to its senses - Berjé is a global distributor of Essential Oils and Aromatic Chemicals.

View All Website 973-748-8980 tlauzurica@berjeinc.com

Glentham Life Sciences Ltd

The Chemical, Biochemical & Research Essentials Supplier

Glentham Life Sciences is a supplier of fine chemicals and raw materials with warehousing, laboratories and packaging facilities in the UK.

View All Website +44 (0) 1225 667798 info@glentham.com

Lluch Essence S.L.

A family company dedicated to sales and distribution

Flexibility, availability, price and quality.

View All Website 34 93 379 38 49 web@lluche.com

Moellhausen S.P.A.

THE CHEMISTRY OF EMOTIONS

Innovation and commitment in the name of excellence.

View All Website +39 039.685.6262

Natural Advantage

Manufacturer of natural flavor ingredients

With over 25 years experience in the flavor and food ingredient industries.

View All Website 318-215-1456 info@natadv.com

Penta International Corporation

Chemistry innovation

At Penta, our products and services help businesses do business better.

View All Website (973) 740-2300 lisaa@pentamfg.com

PerfumersWorld Ltd.

feeeel... the smell!

The one-stop resource for the creative perfumer.

View All Website +66(0)2-99-800-80 pwenquiries@perfumersworld.com

Prodasynth

PRODUCTEUR PAR ESSENCE

Chemical specialist in manufacturing, distributing and sourcing of tailor-made ingredients for the Flavour & Fragrance industry.

View All Website (33) 4 93 09 00 11 info@prodasynth.com

Riverside Aromatics Ltd.

Speciality Aroma Chemicals, Naturals and Synthetics

A specialist supplier of raw materials to the flavour industry.

View All Website +44 (0) 1202 679532 info@riversidearomatics.com

Sigma-Aldrich

Complete Supply Chain

The perfect blend of products and services that bring your creativity to life.

View All Website 800-244-1173 ff@sial.com

Synerzine, Inc.

Innovation. Customization. Aroma Ingredients.

Synerzine is a leading supplier of flavor and fragrance ingredients.

View All Website (404) 524-6744 info@synerzine.com

Taytonn ASCC Pte Ltd

Supplying Asia Pacific

We fully understand the demands of the F&F industry and we endeavour to supply quality products, with ready availability and a personalised service.

View All Website + 65 - 6861 8113 info@taytonnascc.com

TCI AMERICA

Moving Your Chemistry Forward

We continuously strive to advance our technology.

View All Website 1-800-423-8616 Sales-US@TCIchemicals.com;

Ernesto Ventós S.A.

Leaders in essence

We employ our five senses to do our job well.

View All Website +1 856 226 7501 info@ventos.com

Vigon International

Passion for Simplicity

Manufacturer and supplier of high quality flavor and fragrance ingredients.

View All Website 570-476-6300 sales@vigon.com

Potential Uses

FR acacia FR castoreum FL chicken FR coffee FR floral FR jasmin FR leather russian leather FR mimosa FR musk FR narcissus FL nut FL olive soybean FR tea green tea FR vanilla

Natural Occurrence

algae sea algae PMC almond flower anise anise plant anise seed asparagus shoot ayou wood oil @ trace% Data bilberry fruit juice blueberry plant butter PMC cananga oil china @ 0.27% Data cassia plant champaca concrete @ trace% Data cherry sour cherry plant coffee arabica coffee bean coffee bean coffee roasted coffee PMC gingergrass oil @ 0.13% Data ham PbMd PMC honey buckwheat honey PbMd PMC jasmin PMC jasmin absolute concrete egypt @ 0.96% Data jasmin oil italy @ 1.13% Data jasmin sambac absolute egypt @ 0.08% Data morus spp. mustard white mustard olive oil osmanthus absolute @ trace% Data pepper bell pepper fruit peppermint leaf raspberry red raspberry plant tamarind fruit tarragon plant tea leaf ylang ylang ylang ylang oil @ 0.09% Data ylang ylang oil CO2 extract @ 0.53% Data

Synonyms

4- cresol p- cresol p- cresol natural cresol para pure p- cresylic acid para- cresylic acid 1- hydroxy-4-methyl benzene 1- hydroxy-4-methylbenzene 4- hydroxytoluene p- hydroxytoluene para- hydroxytoluene p- methyl hydroxybenzene para- methyl hydroxybenzene 4- methyl phenol p- methyl phenol para- methyl phenol 1- methyl-4-hydroxybenzene 4- methylphenol p- methylphenol p-oxy toluene para-oxy toluene p- toluol para- toluol PubMed: Determination of the importance of in-mouth release of volatile phenol glycoconjugates to the flavor of smoke-tainted wines. PubMed: Effect of ubiquinol-10 on citral stability and off-flavor formation in oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions. PubMed: Contribution of several volatile phenols and their glycoconjugates to smoke-related sensory properties of red wine. PubMed: Mechanisms of flavor release in chewing gum: cinnamaldehyde. PubMed: Aroma components of American country ham. PubMed: Characterization of odorants causing an atypical aroma in white pepper powder (Piper nigrum L.) based on quantitative measurements and orthonasal breakthrough thresholds. PubMed: Aroma compounds in sweet whey powder. PubMed: Laboratory-evolved vanillyl-alcohol oxidase produces natural vanillin. PubMed: Characteristic aroma components of rennet casein. PubMed: Identification and quantification of aroma-active components that contribute to the distinct malty flavor of buckwheat honey. PubMed: Volatile flavor components of stored nonfat dry milk. PubMed: Characteristic aroma components of British Farmhouse Cheddar cheese. PubMed: Cloud-point extraction and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography for analysis of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in Thai local wines. PubMed: Determination of the importance of in-mouth release of volatile phenol glycoconjugates to the flavor of smoke-tainted wines. PubMed: Metabonomic analysis of quercetin against the toxicity of chronic exposure to low-level dichlorvos in rats via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. PubMed: A new method for preconcentration and determination of mercury in fish, shellfish and saliva by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry. PubMed: Effect of uremic serum and uremic toxins on drug metabolism in human microsomes. PubMed: Effect of ubiquinol-10 on citral stability and off-flavor formation in oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions. PubMed: Identification of volatile compounds from a food-grade vinegar attractive to house flies (Diptera: Muscidae). PubMed: Microbial-mammalian cometabolites dominate the age-associated urinary metabolic phenotype in Taiwanese and American populations. PubMed: Metabolic profiling of the impact of oligofructose-enriched inulin in Crohn's disease patients: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. PubMed: Modulation of protein fermentation does not affect fecal water toxicity: a randomized cross-over study in healthy subjects. PubMed: Ovariectomized mouse uterotrophic assay of 36 chemicals. PubMed: Effects of potato fiber and potato-resistant starch on biomarkers of colonic health in rats fed diets containing red meat. PubMed: Effects of corn processing method and dietary inclusion of corn wet distillers grains with solubles on odor and gas production in cattle manure. PubMed: The production of p-cresol sulfate and indoxyl sulfate in vegetarians versus omnivores. PubMed: Rapid discrimination and characterization of vanilla bean extracts by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy and selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry. PubMed: Impact of short-term intake of red wine and grape polyphenol extract on the human metabolome. PubMed: Contribution of several volatile phenols and their glycoconjugates to smoke-related sensory properties of red wine. PubMed: Consumption of breads containing in situ-produced arabinoxylan oligosaccharides alters gastrointestinal effects in healthy volunteers. PubMed: Relevance of protein fermentation to gut health. PubMed: An arabinoxylan-rich fraction from wheat enhances caecal fermentation and protects colonocyte DNA against diet-induced damage in pigs. PubMed: Effect of dietary nitrogen content on the urine metabolite profile of dairy cows assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics. PubMed: Functional analysis of colonic bacterial metabolism: relevant to health? PubMed: Effects of frozen storage and vacuum packaging on free fatty acid and volatile composition of Turkish Motal cheese. PubMed: Carrion mimicry in a South African orchid: flowers attract a narrow subset of the fly assemblage on animal carcasses. PubMed: High-protein/high red meat and high-carbohydrate weight-loss diets do not differ in their effect on faecal water genotoxicity tested by use of the WIL2-NS cell line and with other biomarkers of bowel health. PubMed: p-Cresol and cardiovascular risk in mild-to-moderate kidney disease. PubMed: Radical-scavenging activity and cytotoxicity of p-methoxyphenol and p-cresol dimers. PubMed: Interaction of phenol, o-cresol, and p-cresol with a clay-rich soil sample. PubMed: Tolerance of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides and their prebiotic activity in healthy subjects: a randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over study. PubMed: Characterization of aroma-active compounds, sensory properties, and proteolysis in Ezine cheese. PubMed: Radiation metabolomics. 3. Biomarker discovery in the urine of gamma-irradiated rats using a simplified metabolomics protocol of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with random forests machine learning algorithm. PubMed: p-Cresol inhibits IL-12 production by murine macrophages stimulated with bacterial immunostimulant. PubMed: Dose-response effect of arabinoxylooligosaccharides on gastrointestinal motility and on colonic bacterial metabolism in healthy volunteers. PubMed: Measurement of phenol and p-cresol in urine and feces using vacuum microdistillation and high-performance liquid chromatography. PubMed: Composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of the Brazilian Chenopodium ambrosioides L. PubMed: Aroma components of American country ham. PubMed: Wholegrain foods made from a novel high-amylose barley variety (Himalaya 292) improve indices of bowel health in human subjects. PubMed: Fasting enhances p-Cresol production in the rat intestinal tract. PubMed: Aclacinomycin oxidoreductase (AknOx) from the biosynthetic pathway of the antibiotic aclacinomycin is an unusual flavoenzyme with a dual active site. PubMed: Uptake and localization of gaseous phenol and p-cresol in plant leaves. PubMed: The chemical nature of fetid floral odours in stapeliads (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae-Ceropegieae). PubMed: Influence of phenol, p-cresol and indole on growth and survival of intestinal lactic acid bacteria. PubMed: Potent inhibitory effects of black tea theaflavins on off-odor formation from citral. PubMed: Multidimensional gas chromatography-olfactometry for the identification and prioritization of malodors from confined animal feeding operations. PubMed: Characterization of odorants causing an atypical aroma in white pepper powder (Piper nigrum L.) based on quantitative measurements and orthonasal breakthrough thresholds. PubMed: The unbearable lightness of "light" cigarettes: a comparison of smoke yields in six varieties of Canadian "light" cigarettes. PubMed: Enrichment of cheeses manufactured from cow's and sheep's milk blends with sheep-like species-related alkylphenols. PubMed: A kinetic study of p-cresol oxidation by quince fruit polyphenol oxidase. PubMed: Aroma compounds in sweet whey powder. PubMed: Characteristic aroma components of rennet casein. PubMed: In vivo studies on the metabolism of the monoterpene pulegone in humans using the metabolism of ingestion-correlated amounts (MICA) approach: explanation for the toxicity differences between (S)-(-)- and (R)-(+)-pulegone. PubMed: Whole-grain rye and wheat foods and markers of bowel health in overweight middle-aged men. PubMed: Sequestering ability of butylated hydroxytoluene, propyl gallate, resveratrol, and vitamins C and E against ABTS, DPPH, and hydroxyl free radicals in chemical and biological systems. PubMed: Identification and quantification of aroma-active components that contribute to the distinct malty flavor of buckwheat honey. PubMed: Volatile flavor components of stored nonfat dry milk. PubMed: Two OPEEs (organic phase enzyme electrodes) used to check the percentage water content in hydrophobic foods and drugs. PubMed: Characteristic aroma components of British Farmhouse Cheddar cheese. PubMed: Proteolytic activation of latent Paraguaya peach PPO. Characterization of monophenolase activity. PubMed: Vegan diet in physiological health promotion. PubMed: Nitrosation of phenolic compounds: inhibition and enhancement. PubMed: Micellar electrokinetic chromatography with bis(2-ethylhexyl)sodium sulfosuccinate vesicles determination of synthetic food antioxidants. PubMed: Attenuation of luminol-amplified chemiluminescent intensity and lipid peroxidation in the livers of quercetin-fed mice. PubMed: Influence of dietary protein supplements on the formation of bacterial metabolites in the colon. PubMed: Effect of tea polyphenols on fecal flora and fecal metabolic products of pigs. PubMed: Effects of eating an uncooked vegetable diet for 1 week. PubMed: Effect of Konjac mannan on intestinal microbial metabolism in mice bearing human flora and in conventional F344 rats. PubMed: Determination of phenol in poly(vinyl chloride). PubMed: Hydroxyurea and p-aminophenol are the suicide inhibitors of ascorbate peroxidase. PubMed: [Determination of butylated hydroxy-anisole in oily foods by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection]. PubMed: Capillary GC analysis of compounds leached into parenteral solutions packaged in plastic bags. PubMed: Effects of t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and other phenolic antioxidants on tumoral cells and Trypanosoma parasites. PubMed: Gas chromatographic, liquid chromatographic, and titrimetric procedures for determination of glycerin in allergenic extracts and diagnostic antigens: comparative study. PubMed: Effects of BHA and related phenols on the forestomach of rats. PubMed: Dependence of curing time, peak temperature, and mechanical properties on the composition of bone cement. PubMed: The urinary excretion of bacterial amino-acid metabolites by rats fed saccharin in the diet. PubMed: Effects of zeolite a or clinoptilolite in diets of growing swine. PubMed: Pharmacologic and genetic studies on the modulatory effects of butylated hydroxytoluene on mouse lung adenoma formation. PubMed: Modulation of azaserine-induced pancreatic foci by phenolic antioxidants in rats. PubMed: The origin of urinary aromatic compounds excreted by ruminants. 4. The potential use of urine aromatic acid and phenol outputs as a measure of voluntary food intake. PubMed: A study of the rates of the competitive nitrosations of pyrrolidine, p-cresol and L-cysteine hydrochloride. PubMed: The fate of 2,6-bis-(1'-methyl-14C-heptadecyl)-p-cresol(Dioctadecyl-p-cresol-14C) in the rat. PubMed: Studies of the physiological effects of 2,6-bis-(1'-methylheptadecyl)-p-cresol (Dioctadecyl-p-cresol) in the rat and dog.