Identification

Nameethyl maltol
IUPAC2-ethyl-3-hydroxypyran-4-one
CAS Number4940-11-8
EINECS225-582-5
FDA UNIIL6Q8K29L05
Molecular FormulaC7 H8 O3
Molecular Weight140.13836000
MDL NumberMFCD00059795
Nikkaji NumberJ35.389B
Beilstein1618110
CoE Number692

Regulatory

JECFA Food Flavoring1481 ethyl maltol
JECFA Food AdditiveEthyl Maltol
GSFA CodexEthyl maltol (637)
DG SANTE Food Flavourings07.047 ethyl maltol
FEMA Number3487
FDANo longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm (SATF)4940-11-8 ; ETHYL MALTOL
FDA RegulationFDA PART 172 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION

Physical Properties

Appearance white crystalline powder (est)
Assay 99.00 to 100.00
Heavey Metals 0.002% MAX
Food Chemicals Codex Listed Yes
Melting Point 89.00 to 93.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point 289.00 to 290.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure 0.000220 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point > 200.00 °F. TCC ( > 93.33 °C. )
logP (o/w) 0.630
Shelf Life 24.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly.
Storage store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light.
Soluble in alcohol, 12%

Cosmetic Information

CosIngcosmetic data
Cosmetic Usesfragrance

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Strength high ,
Substantivity 360 hour(s) at 20.00 % in benzyl alcohol
Odor Description
at 5.00 % in benzyl alcohol.
Sweet sugary, caramellic, jammy, strawberry-like
sweet, fruity
sweet aromatic burnt cotton sugar candy jamy strawberry note
sweet, candy-floss / cotton candy, warm, intense
Odor sample from Ungerer & Company, Inc.
Taste Description
at 70.00 ppm.
strawberry, caramel

Safety Information

Preferred SDSView
European informationMost important hazard(s):
Human Experience10 % solution: no irritation or sensitization.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicityoral-rat LD50 1150 mg/kg
Dermal Toxicityskin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg
Inhalation ToxicityNot determined

GHS Classification

['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']

Safety in Use

Categoryflavor enhancers, flavoring agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety AssessmentSearch
Recommendation for ethyl maltol usage levels up to4.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU)1580.00 (μg/capita/day)
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA)6692.00 (μg/capita/day)
Structure ClassII
baked goods-
beverages(nonalcoholic)-
beverages(alcoholic)-
breakfast cereal-
cheese-
chewing gum-
condiments / relishes-
confectionery froastings-
egg products-
fats / oils-
fish products-
frozen dairy-
fruit ices-
gelatins / puddings-
granulated sugar-
gravies-
hard candy-
imitation dairy-
instant coffee / tea-
jams / jellies-
meat products-
milk products-
nut products-
other grains-
poultry-
processed fruits-
processed vegetables-
reconstituted vegetables-
seasonings / flavors-
snack foods-
soft candy-
soups-
sugar substitutes-
sweet sauces-

ACS International GmbH

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Potential Uses

FR amber FR banana FL barley FR beeswax absolute replacer FL/FR benzoin absolute replacer FR berry jam FL bread FL butter rum FR butterscotch FL cappuccino FL caramel FR cherry black cherry FL chocolate cacao FR christmas FR coconut FL cookie FR cotton candy FL cream ice cream FR date FL durian FL egg nog FR elder berry FR elder flower FL/FR fenugreek FR fir balsam FL fruit punch FL fruit tropical fruit FR gingerbread FR graham cracker FR heliotrope FR honey FR honeysuckle FL/FR immortelle FR incense FL jackfruit jam FR labdanum FR licorice FR loganberry FR malt FR mango FR maple FL marshmallow FR melon FL milk malted milk FL molasses FR pineapple FL praline FR prune FR pumpkin pie FR raisin FR root beer FL sarsaparilla FL soda cream soda FR strawberry FL sugar brown sugar FR sweet grass FR sweet pea toasted FR toffee FR tonka bean FL tropical FL/FR valerian FR vanilla FR wallflower

Natural Occurrence

not found in nature

Synonyms

EM-1 crystal grain EM-400 crystal grain ethyl maltol FCC ethyl maltol synthetic ethyl maltol USP/NF 2- ethyl pyromeconic acid 2- ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyrone 2- ethyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one 2- ethyl-3-hydroxy-pyran-4-one 2- ethyl-3-hydroxypyran-4-one ethylmaltol 3- hydroxy-2-ethyl-1,4-pyrone 3- hydroxy-2-ethyl-4-pyrone 3- hydroxy-2-ethyl-4H-pyran-4-one 3- hydroxy-2-ethyl-gamma-pyrone 4H- pyran-4-one, 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy- Info: maltol and related substances PubMed: Determination of flavor enhancers in milk powder by one-step sample preparation and two-dimensional liquid chromatography. PubMed: Simultaneous spectrophotometric kinetic determination of four flavor enhancers in foods with the aid of chemometrics. PubMed: Rapid sample screening method for authenticity controlling vanilla flavors using a CE microchip approach with electrochemical detection. PubMed: Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. PubMed: Sensitization of Escherichia coli to nisin by maltol and ethyl maltol. PubMed: Neonatal representation of odour objects: distinct memories of the whole and its parts. PubMed: Differential memory persistence of odor mixture and components in newborn rabbits: competition between the whole and its parts. PubMed: Determination of flavor enhancers in milk powder by one-step sample preparation and two-dimensional liquid chromatography. PubMed: Evaluation and comparison of zinc absorption level from 2-Alkyle 3-Hydroxy pyranon-zinc complexes and zinc sulfate in rat in vivo. PubMed: Electrosprayed core-shell polymer-lipid nanoparticles for active component delivery. PubMed: Solution equilibria of anticancer ruthenium(II)-(η(6)-p-cymene)-hydroxy(thio)pyr(id)one complexes: impact of sulfur vs. oxygen donor systems on the speciation and bioactivity. PubMed: The investigation of the binding behavior between ethyl maltol and human serum albumin by multi-spectroscopic methods and molecular docking. PubMed: Experience influences elemental and configural perception of certain binary odour mixtures in newborn rabbits. PubMed: Simultaneous spectrophotometric kinetic determination of four flavor enhancers in foods with the aid of chemometrics. PubMed: Perceptual blending in odor mixtures depends on the nature of odorants and human olfactory expertise. PubMed: Absorption, transport and insulin-mimetic properties of bis(maltolato)oxovanadium (IV) in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats by integrated mass spectrometric techniques. PubMed: Proportion of odorants impacts the configural versus elemental perception of a binary blending mixture in newborn rabbits. PubMed: Rapid sample screening method for authenticity controlling vanilla flavors using a CE microchip approach with electrochemical detection. PubMed: New lipophilic 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinonate iron(III) complexes: synthesis and EXAFS structural characterisation. PubMed: Tris(pyronato)- and tris(pyridonato)-ruthenium(III) complexes and solution NMR studies. PubMed: Vanadium complexes with mixed O,S anionic ligands derived from maltol: synthesis, characterization, and biological studies. PubMed: Group 13 and lanthanide complexes with mixed O,S anionic ligands derived from maltol. PubMed: Preparation and characterization of vanadyl complexes with bidentate maltol-type ligands; in vivo comparisons of anti-diabetic therapeutic potential. PubMed: Sensitization of Escherichia coli to nisin by maltol and ethyl maltol. PubMed: Platelet labelling with indium-hydroxypyridinone and indium-hydroxypyranone complexes. PubMed: Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of non-transferrin-bound iron and some hydroxypyridone and hydroxypyrone chelators. PubMed: Synthesis and iron(III) binding properties of 3-hydroxypyrid-4-ones derived from kojic acid. PubMed: Absorption of iron from ferric hydroxypyranone complexes. PubMed: Lead transport and binding by human erythrocytes in vitro. PubMed: Zinc improves the filterability of sickle erythrocytes at intermediate oxygen partial pressures. PubMed: Intracellular free zinc and zinc buffering in human red blood cells. PubMed: Facilitated uptake of zinc into human erythrocytes. Relevance to the treatment of sickle-cell anaemia. PubMed: Characteristics of iron(III) uptake by isolated fragments of rat small intestine in the presence of the hydroxypyrones, maltol and ethyl maltol. PubMed: Effects of the pyrones, maltol and ethyl maltol, on iron absorption from the rat small intestine. PubMed: Studies on passiflora incarnata dry extract. I. Isolation of maltol and pharmacological action of maltol and ethyl maltol. PubMed: The metabolism of ethyl maltol and maltol in the dog. PubMed: Toxicity studies with ethyl maltol.