sorbitan oleate

sorbitan monooleate

CAS: 1338-43-8 C24 H44 O6 MW: 428.60988000 fatty

Identification

Namesorbitan oleate
IUPAC[2-[(2R,3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl] (Z)-octadec-9-enoate
CAS Number1338-43-8
EINECS215-665-4
FDA UNII06XEA2VD56
Molecular FormulaC24 H44 O6
Molecular Weight428.60988000
MDL NumberMFCD00080948
Beilstein8172514

Regulatory

JECFA Food AdditiveSorbitan Monooleate
GSFA CodexSorbitan monooleate (494)
DG SANTE Food Additivessorbitan monooleate
DG SANTE Food Contact Materialssorbitan monooleate
FDA Mainterm (SATF)1338-43-8 ; SORBITAN MONOOLEATE
FDA RegulationFDA PART 173 -- SECONDARY DIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED IN FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION

Physical Properties

Appearance amber viscous liquid to solid (est)
Assay 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed No
Boiling Point 579.00 to 580.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Saponification Value 145.00 to 160.00
Flash Point 367.00 °F. TCC ( 186.20 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w) 6.014 (est)
Soluble in water, hot

Cosmetic Information

CosIngcosmetic data
Cosmetic Usessurfactant - emulsifying

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Strength low
Substantivity 400 Hour(s)
Odor Description at 100.00 %.

Safety Information

Preferred SDSView
Oral/Parenteral ToxicityNot determined
Dermal ToxicityNot determined
Inhalation ToxicityNot determined

GHS Classification

['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']

Safety in Use

Categoryemulsifiers, stabilizers
Recommendation for sorbitan oleate usage levels up tonot for fragrance use.
Recommendation for sorbitan oleate flavor usage levels up tonot for flavor use.

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Potential Uses

emulsifying agents

Natural Occurrence

not found in nature

Synonyms

alkamuls S/80 alkamuls SMO 1,4- anhydro-D-glucitol 6-(9-octadecanoate) 1,4- anhydro-D-glucitol, 6-(9-octadecenoate) 1,4- anhydro-dextro-glucitol 6-(9-octadecanoate) anhydrosorbitol monooleate arlacel 1689 arlacel 481 arlacel 80 armotan MO crill 4 dehymuls SMO [2-[(2R,3S,4R)-3,4- dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl] (Z)-octadec-9-enoate emasol 410 D- glucitol, 1,4-anhydro-, 6-(9-octadecenoate) glycomul O glycomul O KFG ionet S-80 kaopan SP-O-10 kemmat S 80 liposorb O lonzest SMO lubricit SMO-H lubricit SMO-VEG mo-33-F monemul - 80 monemul - 80Hi montan 80 montane 80 montane 80 VGA newcol 80 nikkol SO-10NR nikkol SO-10V nissan nonion OP 80R nonion OP80R radiasurf 7155 rheodol AO-10V rheodol SP-O10V S-MAX 80 sorban AO sorbirol O sorbitan mono-(9Z)-9-octadecenoate sorbitan mono-(Z)-9-octadecenoate sorbitan mono-oleate sorbitan monooleate sorbitan monooleic acid ester sorbitan O sorbitan, mono-(9Z)-9-octadecenoate sorbitan, mono-9-octadecenoate, (Z)- sorbon S 80 PubMed: Faster photodegradation rate and higher dioxin yield of triclosan induced by cationic surfactant CTAB. PubMed: Gellan co-polysaccharide micellar solution of budesonide for allergic anti-rhinitis: An in vitro appraisal. PubMed: Lecithin-linker formulations for self-emulsifying delivery of nutraceuticals. PubMed: A quantitative assessment method for ascaris eggs on hands. PubMed: A new injectable liquid crystal system for one month delivery of leuprolide. PubMed: An electron spin resonance study of non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes). PubMed: Solubilization of octane in electrostatically-formed surfactant-polymer complexes. PubMed: Characterization of polysorbate 85, a nonionic surfactant, by liquid chromatography vs. ion mobility separation coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. PubMed: 4-nitrophenol removal from aqueous solutions by emulsion liquid membranes using type I facilitation. PubMed: Evaluation of Shirasu Porous Glass (SPG) membrane emulsification for the preparation of colloidal lipid drug carrier dispersions. PubMed: A study of microemulsions as prolonged-release injectables through in-situ phase transition. PubMed: Emulsification using highly hydrophilic surfactants improves the absorption of orally administered coenzyme Q10. PubMed: Flow-induced structured phase in nonionic micellar solutions. PubMed: Physical stability of coconut oil lotions formulated using hydrophile-lipophile balance system of various emulsifier pairs. PubMed: Identification of differentially expressed water-insoluble proteins in the encystment process of Colpoda cucullus by two-dimensional electrophoresis and LC-MS/MS analysis. PubMed: Evaluation of sildenafil pressurized metered dose inhalers as a vasodilator in umbilical blood vessels of chicken egg embryos. PubMed: Cyclic compression and decompression of a lipid bilayer. PubMed: Effects of sugars on the formation of nanometer-sized droplets of vegetable oil by an isothermal low-energy emulsification method. PubMed: Development of amorphous solid dispersion formulations of a poorly water-soluble drug, MK-0364. PubMed: Droplets as reaction compartments for protein nanotechnology. PubMed: The effect of N-alkyl substituents on the usability of imidazolium cation-based ionic liquids in microemulsion systems: a technical note. PubMed: Droplet-fused microreactors for room temperature synthesis of nanoscale needle-like hydroxyapatite. PubMed: Phase inversion of emulsions containing a lipophilic surfactant induced by clay concentration. PubMed: A novel ionic liquid-in-oil microemulsion composed of biologically acceptable components: an excitation wavelength dependent fluorescence resonance energy transfer study. PubMed: Membrane interaction between Span 80 vesicle and phospholipid vesicle (liposome): Span 80 vesicle can perturb and hemifuse with liposomal membrane. PubMed: Enhanced cytotoxicity for colon 26 cells using doxorubicin-loaded sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) vesicles. PubMed: Synthesis of Fe3O4 poly(styrene-glycidyl methacrylate) magnetic porous microspheres and application in the immobilization of Klebsiella sp. FD-3 to reduce Fe(III)EDTA in a NO(x) scrubbing solution. PubMed: Copolymers of poly(lactic acid) and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate-based nanomedicines: versatile multifunctional platforms for cancer diagnosis and therapy. PubMed: A design of experiments to optimize a new manufacturing process for high activity protein-containing submicron particles. PubMed: Design and development of multiple emulsion for enhancement of oral bioavailability of acyclovir. PubMed: Evaluation of decontamination efficacy of cleaning solutions on stainless steel and glass surfaces contaminated by 10 antineoplastic agents. PubMed: Controlling colloid charge in nonpolar liquids with surfactants. PubMed: Rapid synthesis of near infrared polymeric micelles for real-time sentinel lymph node imaging. PubMed: Fractionation of ethylcellulose oleogels during setting. PubMed: Comparative study of the antimicrobial effect of three irrigant solutions (chlorhexidine, sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidinated MUMS). PubMed: Thermo-sensitive gels containing lorazepam microspheres for intranasal brain targeting. PubMed: Investigating the parameters affecting the stability of superparamagnetic iron oxide-loaded nanoemulsion using artificial neural networks. PubMed: Determination of required hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of citronella oil and development of stable cream formulation. PubMed: Reverse micelles-mediated transport of lipase in liquid emulsion membrane for downstream processing. PubMed: Enhanced solubilization and desorption of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from soil by oil-swollen micelles formed with a nonionic surfactant. PubMed: Highly stable concentrated nanoemulsions by the phase inversion composition method at elevated temperature. PubMed: Cyclosporin nanosphere formulation for ophthalmic administration. PubMed: Preparation and evaluation of antifungal efficacy of griseofulvin loaded deformable membrane vesicles in optimized guinea pig model of Microsporum canis--dermatophytosis. PubMed: Identification and molecular interpretation of the effects of drug incorporation on the self-emulsification process using spectroscopic, micropolarimetric and microscopic measurements. PubMed: Development, characterization and efficacy of niosomal diallyl disulfide in treatment of disseminated murine candidiasis. PubMed: Contact allergy to sorbitans: a follow-up study. PubMed: Phase behavior, self-assembly, and emulsification of Tween 80/water mixtures with limonene and perfluoromethyldecalin. PubMed: Double crosslinked interpenetrated network in nanoparticle form for drug targeting--preparation, characterization and biodistribution studies. PubMed: Characterization and evaluation of solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems with porous carriers as systems for improved carbamazepine release. PubMed: Characterization of surfactants in an oil-in-water emulsion-based vaccine adjuvant using MS and HPLC-MS: structural analysis and quantification. PubMed: In-situ phase transition from microemulsion to liquid crystal with the potential of prolonged parenteral drug delivery. PubMed: Analysis of polysorbate 80 and its related compounds by RP-HPLC with ELSD and MS detection. PubMed: Oil-in-water emulsification using confined impinging jets. PubMed: Double inversion of emulsions induced by salt concentration. PubMed: Assessment of the percutaneous penetration of indomethacin from soybean oil microemulsion: effects of the HLB value of mixed surfactants. PubMed: A combined approach of vesicle formulations and microneedle arrays for transcutaneous immunization against hepatitis B virus. PubMed: Enhancement of retinal production by supplementing the surfactant Span 80 using metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. PubMed: SPANosomes as delivery vehicles for small interfering RNA (siRNA). PubMed: Release of FITC-BSA from poly(l-lactic acid) microspheres analysis using flow cytometry. PubMed: Formation and stability of oil-in-water nanoemulsions containing rice bran oil: in vitro and in vivo assessments. PubMed: Preparation of curcuminoid niosomes for enhancement of skin permeation. PubMed: Interfacial and self-aggregation of binary mixtures of anionic and nonionic amphiphiles in aqueous medium. PubMed: An ex vivo, assessor blind, randomised, parallel group, comparative efficacy trial of the ovicidal activity of three pediculicides after a single application--melaleuca oil and lavender oil, eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil, and a "suffocation" pediculicide. PubMed: Lung-targeted delivery system of curcumin loaded gelatin microspheres. PubMed: Effect of surfactant and surfactant blends on pseudoternary phase diagram behavior of newly synthesized palm kernel oil esters. PubMed: Efficiency modeling of solidification/stabilization of multi-metal contaminated industrial soil using cement and additives. PubMed: Solid lipid nanoparticles suspension versus commercial solutions for dermal delivery of minoxidil. PubMed: Development of low-energy methods for preparing food Nano-emulsions. PubMed: Niosomes vs microemulsions: new carriers for topical delivery of Capsaicin. PubMed: Polymeric emulsion and crosslink-mediated synthesis of super-stable nanoparticles as sustained-release anti-tuberculosis drug carriers. PubMed: Efficient topical delivery of chlorogenic acid by an oil-in-water microemulsion to protect skin against UV-induced damage. PubMed: The influence of size, structure and hydrophilicity of model surfactants on the adsorption of lysozyme to oil-water interface--interfacial shear measurements. PubMed: Span 80 vesicles have a more fluid, flexible and "wet" surface than phospholipid liposomes. PubMed: Determination of emulsion explosives with Span-80 as emulsifier by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PubMed: Novel Polyoxyethylene-Containing Glycolipids Are Synthesized in Corynebacterium matruchotii and Mycobacterium smegmatis Cultured in the Presence of Tween 80. PubMed: Differential effects of dissolved organic carbon upon re-entrainment and surface properties of groundwater bacteria and bacteria-sized microspheres during transport through a contaminated, sandy aquifer. PubMed: Characterisation of a refined rat model of respiratory infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the effect of ciprofloxacin. PubMed: Effect of Tween 80 on the growth, lipid accumulation and fatty acid composition of Thraustochytrium aureum ATCC 34304. PubMed: Magnetic microparticles based on natural polymers. PubMed: Magnetic SiO2 gel microspheres for arterial embolization hyperthermia. PubMed: Preparation and the influencing factors of cetirizine hydrochloride microemulsion. PubMed: Particle charging and charge screening in nonpolar dispersions with nonionic surfactants. PubMed: Ionic liquid based microemulsion with pharmaceutically accepted components: Formulation and potential applications. PubMed: Development and evaluation of emulsions from Carapa guianensis (Andiroba) oil. PubMed: Copper complexed polymer carriers for IgG adsorption. PubMed: Ionic liquid-in-oil microemulsion as a potential carrier of sparingly soluble drug: characterization and cytotoxicity evaluation. PubMed: Diclofenac fast-dissolving film: suppression of bitterness by a taste-sensing system. PubMed: Preparation and evaluation of fast-release mephenamic acid microspheres. PubMed: Evaluation of a new oil adjuvant for use in peptide-based cancer vaccination. PubMed: The effect of component of microemulsion for transdermal delivery of nicardipine hydrochloride. PubMed: Removal of 241Am from aqueous nitrate solutions by liquid surfactant membrane containing 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester as ion carrier. PubMed: Effect of surfactant concentration on transdermal lidocaine delivery with linker microemulsions. PubMed: Ionic liquid-assisted transdermal delivery of sparingly soluble drugs. PubMed: Evaluation of lung tolerance of ethanol, propylene glycol, and sorbitan monooleate as solvents in medical aerosols. PubMed: In vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effects of novel Span 80 vesicles containing immobilized Eucheuma serra agglutinin. PubMed: [Anti-tumor compounds from submerger fermentation products of a Paecilomyces militaris strain]. PubMed: New approach to hydrophobic cyanine-type photosensitizer delivery using polymeric oil-cored nanocarriers: hemolytic activity, in vitro cytotoxicity and localization in cancer cells. PubMed: Solubility of ocular therapeutic agents in self-emulsifying oils. I. Self-emulsifying oils for ocular drug delivery: solubility of indomethacin, aciclovir and hydrocortisone. PubMed: Pickering emulsions stabilized by a lipophilic surfactant and hydrophilic platelike particles. PubMed: Studies on the evolution of ZnO morphologies in a thermohydrolysis technique and evaluation of their functional properties. PubMed: Liposomes in double-emulsion globules. PubMed: Electric charging in nonpolar liquids because of nonionizable surfactants. PubMed: Preparation, characterization, and encapsulation/release studies of a composite nanofiber mat electrospun from an emulsion containing poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid). PubMed: Effect of counter-ions and penetration enhancers on the skin permeation of flurbiprofen. PubMed: Effects of surfactants and salt on Henry's constant of n-hexane. PubMed: A metal-chelate affinity reverse micellar system for protein extraction. PubMed: Study on ultrasonically assisted emulsification and recovery of copper(II) from wastewater using an emulsion liquid membrane process. PubMed: Photoprotective potential of emulsions formulated with Buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa) against UV irradiation on keratinocytes and fibroblasts cell lines. PubMed: Validation of (99m)Tc-labeled "4+1" fatty acids for myocardial metabolism and flow imaging: Part 1: myocardial extraction and biodistribution. PubMed: Tamoxifen-encapsulated vesicular systems: cytotoxicity evaluation in human epidermal keratinocyte cell line. PubMed: Structure of high internal phase aqueous-in-oil emulsions and related inverse micelle solutions. 3. Variation of surfactant. PubMed: Structure of high internal phase aqueous-in-oil emulsions and related inverse micelle solutions. 4. Surfactant mixtures. PubMed: The influence of non-ionic surfactants on the rheological properties of drug/microcrystalline cellulose/water mixtures and their use in the preparation and drug release performance of pellets prepared by extrusion/spheronization. PubMed: Investigation on processing variables for the preparation of fluconazole-loaded ethyl cellulose microspheres by modified multiple emulsion technique. PubMed: Influence of phase inversion on the formation and stability of one-step multiple emulsions. PubMed: Optimization of process parameters for the extraction of chromium (VI) by emulsion liquid membrane using response surface methodology. PubMed: Sorbitan sesquioleate, a common emulsifier in topical corticosteroids, is an important contact allergen. PubMed: Distribution of Sorbitan Monooleate in poly(L-lactide-co-epsilon-caprolactone) nanofibers from emulsion electrospinning. PubMed: Sorbitan monooleate and poly(L-lactide-co-epsilon-caprolactone) electrospun nanofibers for endothelial cell interactions. PubMed: Separation study of cadmium through an emulsion liquid membrane using triisooctylamine as mobile carrier. PubMed: Temperature-sensitive nonionic vesicles prepared from Span 80 (sorbitan monooleate). PubMed: Rapid recovery of dilute copper from a simulated Cu-SDS solution with low-cost steel wool cathode reactor. PubMed: Fast dissolving films made of maltodextrins. PubMed: Intermolecular interactions and morphology of aqueous polymer/surfactant mixtures containing cationic chitosan and nonionic sorbitan esters. PubMed: The preparation of pellets containing non-ionic surfactants by extrusion/spheronization. PubMed: Remarkably high inhibitory effects of docosahexaenoic acid incorporated into hybrid liposomes on the growth of tumor cells along with apoptosis. PubMed: Permeation studies of indomethacin from different emulsions for nasal delivery and their possible anti-inflammatory effects. PubMed: Memory-improving effect of formulation-MSS by activation of hippocampal MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in rats. PubMed: Novel method for obtaining homogeneous giant vesicles from a monodisperse water-in-oil emulsion prepared with a microfluidic device. PubMed: Induction of apoptosis of human tumor cells by hybrid liposomes including docosahexaenoic acid. PubMed: Coprocessing via spray drying as a formulation platform to improve the compactability of various drugs. PubMed: Formulation and evaluation of flurbiprofen microemulsion. PubMed: Innovative bola-surfactant niosomes as topical delivery systems of 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of skin cancer. PubMed: Comparison of different water/oil microemulsions containing diclofenac sodium: preparation, characterization, release rate, and skin irritation studies. PubMed: Polymer drop breakup in microchannels. PubMed: Improvement of biodesulfurization activity of alginate immobilized cells in biphasic systems. PubMed: Polysorbates 20 and 80 used in the formulation of protein biotherapeutics: structure and degradation pathways. PubMed: Process design applied to optimise a directly compressible powder produced via a continuous manufacturing process. PubMed: Effect of ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol on humoral immune response elicited by bovine albumin encapsulated in niosomes. PubMed: Preparation of tiny biodegradable capsules using electrocapillary emulsification. PubMed: Linker-based lecithin microemulsions for transdermal delivery of lidocaine. PubMed: Dermal delivery of selected hydrophilic drugs from elastic liposomes: effect of phospholipid formulation and surfactants. PubMed: Extraction of Co(II) from aqueous solution using emulsion liquid membrane. PubMed: Evaluation of trichloroethene recovery processes in heterogeneous aquifer cells flushed with biodegradable surfactants. PubMed: Viscoelastic behavior of surfactants worm-like micellar solution in the presence of alkanolamide. PubMed: Direct measurement of critical nucleus size in confined volumes. PubMed: Controlled release of methotrexate from w/o microemulsion and its in vitro antitumor activity. PubMed: Effect of stabilizer on formation of "onionlike" multilayered polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) particles. PubMed: Investigating the effects of surfactants on the size and hydrolytic stability of poly(adipic anhydride) particles. PubMed: Wormlike micelles in Tween-80/CmEO3 mixed nonionic surfactant systems in aqueous media. PubMed: Enhancement of intragastric acid stability of a fat emulsion meal delays gastric emptying and increases cholecystokinin release and gallbladder contraction. PubMed: Enhanced skin permeation of diclofenac by ion-pair formation and further enhancement by microemulsion. PubMed: Vortex-trap-induced fusion of femtoliter-volume aqueous droplets. PubMed: The degree and kind of agglomeration affect carbon nanotube cytotoxicity. PubMed: Characterisation of microemulsions containing orange oil with water and propylene glycol as hydrophilic components. PubMed: In vitro study of lysozyme in poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres with sucrose acetate isobutyrate. PubMed: Microemulsions of triglyceride-based oils: The effect of co-oil and salinity on phase diagrams. PubMed: Susceptibility of Penicillium expansum spores to sodium hypochlorite, electrolyzed oxidizing water, and chlorine dioxide solutions modified with nonionic surfactants. PubMed: Redox-driven transport of copper ions in an emulsion liquid membrane system. PubMed: Cationic liposomes modified with non-ionic surfactants as effective non-viral carrier for gene transfer. PubMed: Self-assembly and physicochemical and rheological properties of a polysaccharide-surfactant system formed from the cationic biopolymer chitosan and nonionic sorbitan esters. PubMed: Single dose and multiple dose studies of itraconazole nanoparticles. PubMed: PLGA microcapsules with novel dimpled surfaces for pulmonary delivery of DNA. PubMed: Fluorescence and dynamic light scattering studies of niosomes-membrane mimetic systems. PubMed: Understanding the role of surfactants on the preparation of ZnS nanocrystals. PubMed: Water mass transfer in W/O emulsions. PubMed: Microemulsion and diafiltration approaches: an attempt to maximize the global yield of DNA-loaded nanospheres. PubMed: Preparation of a highly stable niosome and its hydrotrope-solubilization action to drugs. PubMed: Imitation of artificial membrane system via mobile phases with Tween-80 and cholic acid in biopartitioning micellar chromatography. PubMed: The novel formulation design of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) type O/W microemulsion II: stable gastrointestinal absorption of a poorly water soluble new compound, ER-1258 in bile-fistula rats. PubMed: Gene transfection into HeLa cells by vesicles containing cationic peptide lipid. PubMed: Flow cytometric analysis of bacteria- and virus-like particles in lake sediments. PubMed: Phase behavior of the microemulsions and the stability of the chloramphenicol in the microemulsion-based ocular drug delivery system. PubMed: Effect of surfactant HLB and different formulation variables on the properties of poly-D,L-lactide microspheres of naltrexone prepared by double emulsion technique. PubMed: Preparation of bovine serum albumin loaded poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres by a modified phase separation technique. PubMed: Thymosin-loaded enteric microspheres for oral administration: preparation and in vitro release studies. PubMed: Detection of activity and mass spectrometric identification of mouse liver carboxylesterase and aldehyde dehydrogenase separated by non-denaturing two-dimensional electrophoresis after extraction with detergents. PubMed: Effect of viscosity and concentration of wall former, emulsifier and pore-inducer on the properties of amoxicillin microcapsules prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation. PubMed: Application of nonionic surfactant-enhanced in situ flushing to a diesel contaminated site. PubMed: Variation in surface energy heterogeneity of graphite due to adsorption of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. PubMed: Interface composition of multiple emulsions: rheology as a probe. PubMed: Separation of traces of heavy metals from an iron matrix by use of an emulsion liquid membrane. PubMed: Use of Tween 40 and Tween 80 to deliver a mixture of phytochemicals to human colonic adenocarcinoma cell (CaCo-2) monolayers. PubMed: Investigation on the release of fluorescent markers from w/o/w emulsions by fluorescence-activated cell sorter. PubMed: Solubilizing excipients in oral and injectable formulations. PubMed: Polymeric nanoparticles composed of fatty acids and polyvinylalcohol for topical application of sunscreens. PubMed: Effects of ethanol addition on micellar solubilization and plume migration during surfactant enhanced recovery of tetrachloroethene. PubMed: Solubilization of cyclosporin A. PubMed: Formation and characterization of three-component-sorbitan monoester surfactant, oil and water-creams. PubMed: Enzymatic activity and stability of D-fructose dehydrogenase and sarcosine dehydrogenase immobilized onto giant vesicles. PubMed: Comparison of oil-in-water emulsions manufactured by microfluidization and homogenization. PubMed: Oral bioavailability of the antioxidant astaxanthin in humans is enhanced by incorporation of lipid based formulations. PubMed: Aerobic biological treatment of synthetic municipal wastewater in membrane-coupled bioreactors. PubMed: The effects of pressure-sensitive adhesives and solubilizers on the skin permeation of testosterone from a matrix-type transdermal delivery system. PubMed: Rheological properties of three component creams containing sorbitan monoesters as surfactants. PubMed: Co-surfactant of ethoxylated sorbitan ester and sorbitan monooleate for enhanced flushing of tetrachloroethylene. PubMed: [Lipase-catalyzed enantioselective ammonolysis of racemic phenylglycine methyl ester in organic solvent]. PubMed: Medium-chain fatty acids but not L-carnitine accelerate the kinetics of [14C]triacylglycerol utilization by colostrum-deprived newborn pigs. PubMed: Naphthalene, phenanthrene and surfactant biodegradation. PubMed: Final report on the safety assessment of sorbitan caprylate, sorbitan cocoate, sorbitan diisostearate, sorbitan dioleate, sorbitan distearate, sorbitan isostearate, sorbitan olivate, sorbitan sesquiisostearate, sorbitan sesquistearate, and sorbitan triisostearate. PubMed: Marking of nonpalpable breast lesions using a custom carbon suspension. PubMed: Reduction of linoleic acid inhibition in production of conjugated linoleic acid by Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii. PubMed: Effect of hydrophilic substances on liberation of quinidine from starch - alginate sphere. PubMed: The Behavior of Sorbitan Surfactants at the Water-Oil Interface: Straight-Chained Hydrocarbons from Pentane to Dodecane as an Oil Phase. PubMed: Rheological properties of creams with four different surfactant combinations - effect of storage time and conditions. PubMed: The Effect of Temperature on Sorbitan Surfactant Monolayers. PubMed: Topical transport of hydrophilic compounds using water-in-oil nanoemulsions. PubMed: Surfactant enhanced recovery of tetrachloroethylene from a porous medium containing low permeability lenses. 1. Experimental studies. PubMed: Characterizing colloidal structures of pseudoternary phase diagrams formed by oil/water/amphiphile systems. PubMed: Influence of the co-encapsulation of different non-ionic surfactants on the properties of PLGA insulin-loaded microspheres. PubMed: Controlled Growth of Gold Nanoparticles in Aerosol-OT/Sorbitan Monooleate/Isooctane Mixed Reverse Micelles. PubMed: Determination of optimal combination of surfactants in creams using rheology measurements. PubMed: Influence of surfactants in aqueous-based polymeric dispersions on the thermomechanical and adhesive properties of acrylic films. PubMed: Oestradiol skin delivery from ultradeformable liposomes: refinement of surfactant concentration. PubMed: Separation of aniline from aqueous solutions using emulsion liquid membranes. PubMed: Mixed Micelles of Sodium Deoxycholate and Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monooleate (Tween 80). PubMed: Patch testing in contact cheilitis. PubMed: Effects of surfactant on release characteristics of clonidine hydrochloride from ethylcellulose film. PubMed: The composition of NF-defined emulsifiers: sorbitan monolaurate, monopalmitate, monostearate, monooleate, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, and polysorbate 80. PubMed: Formulation of a protein with propellant HFA 134a for aerosol delivery. PubMed: The effect of core-to-wall ratio and Span 80 concentration on the properties of ascorbic acid microcapsules. PubMed: Influence of interfacial rheological properties of mixed emulsifier films on the stability of water-in-oil-in-water emulsions. PubMed: Synthesis of bioadhesive poly(acrylic acid) nano- and microparticles using an inverse emulsion polymerization method for the entrapment of hydrophilic drug candidates. PubMed: Effects of Tween 80 and sucrose on acute short-term stability and long-term storage at -20 degrees C of a recombinant hemoglobin. PubMed: A study on the in-vitro percutaneous absorption of propranolol from disperse systems. PubMed: Preparation and evaluation of sustained release cross-linked chitosan microspheres containing phenobarbitone. PubMed: Effect of Neck Formation on the Measurement of Dynamic Interfacial Tension in a Drop Volume Tensiometer PubMed: MF59 adjuvant enhances antibody responses of infant baboons immunized with Haemophilus influenzae type b and Neisseria meningitidis group C oligosaccharide-CRM197 conjugate vaccine. PubMed: Stability and stabilization of recombinant peroxidase in reversed micelles. PubMed: Contact dermatitis due to emulsifiers. PubMed: Studies on the Mutagenicity of Mild Gasification Products of Coal and Their Subfractions by the Salmonella/Microsomal Assay PubMed: Studies on the mutagenicity of mild gasification products of coal and their subfractions by the Salmonella/microsomal assay. PubMed: Sorbitan mono-oleate: a potential allergen in paste bandages. PubMed: Microencapsulation of ovalbumin in poly(lactide-co-glycolide) by an oil-in-oil (o/o) solvent evaporation method. PubMed: The effect of surfactant and solid phase concentration on drug aggregates in model aerosol propellent suspensions. PubMed: Characterization of surfactant effect on aggregates in model aerosol propellent suspensions. PubMed: Characterization of the lipase activity of Malassezia furfur. PubMed: Geodesic surfactant structures. PubMed: Enhancement of humoral response against human influenza vaccine with the simple submicron oil/water emulsion adjuvant MF59. PubMed: Multiple emulsion-based systems carrying insulin: development and characterization. PubMed: Prolonged release of rifampicin from multiple w/o/w emulsion systems. PubMed: Effect of surfactants on the physical stability of recombinant human growth hormone. PubMed: Some preparative variables influencing the properties of W/O/W multiple emulsions. PubMed: High sensitization rate to emulsifiers in patients with chronic leg ulcers. PubMed: Evaluation of solubilizers in the drug release testing of hydrophilic matrix extended-release tablets of felodipine. PubMed: The influence of surface properties on uptake of oil into complex coacervate microcapsules. PubMed: Stability and activity of hydrogenases of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum and Alcaligenes eutrophus in reversed micellar systems. PubMed: Penicillin G extraction from model media using an emulsion liquid membrane: determination of optimum extraction conditions. PubMed: Emulsification and fatty acid chain length affect the kinetics of [14C]-medium-chain triacylglycerol utilization by neonatal piglets. PubMed: Emulsification and fatty-acid chain length affect the utilization of medium-chain triglycerides by neonatal pigs. PubMed: Utilization of medium-chain triglycerides by neonatal pigs: effects of emulsification and dose delivered. PubMed: Effects of nonionic surfactants on the solubilization and mineralization of phenanthrene in soil-water systems. PubMed: Extraction and enrichment of cadmium and manganese from aqueous solution using a liquid membrane. PubMed: Effects of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate on the acute toxicity of linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (C12LAS) to fish. PubMed: Preparation of multi-phase microspheres of poly(D,L-lactic acid) and poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) containing a W/O emulsion by a multiple emulsion solvent evaporation technique. PubMed: Phase diagram studies for microencapsulation of pharmaceuticals using cellulose acetate trimellitate. PubMed: Prevalence and sources of sensitization to emulsifiers: a clinical study. PubMed: Excitatory potential of artificial membrane in response to current pulse stimulation. PubMed: Comparison of enrichment and plating media for isolation of Yersinia. PubMed: A pharmacokinetic model for the percutaneous absorption of indomethacin and the prediction of drug disposition kinetics. PubMed: [Extraction of cholesterol from the blood using multiple emulsions]. PubMed: Effect of proteins on the assessment of surfactant cytotoxicity by an in vitro test: Possible correlations with in vivo data. PubMed: Absorption of indomethacin and its calcium salt through rat skin: effect of penetration enhancers and relationship between in vivo and in vitro penetration. PubMed: Some factors affecting the microencapsulation of pharmaceuticals with cellulose acetate phthalate. PubMed: Intestinal calcium absorption in the rat after oral Tween 80 administration. PubMed: Stable oil-in-water emulsions: preparation and use as vaccine vehicles for lipophilic adjuvants. PubMed: Polysorbate 80: a pharmacological study. PubMed: Self-excitation in a porous membrane doped with sorbitan monooleate (Span-80) induced by an Na+/K+ concentration gradient. PubMed: Spectrophotometric method for quantitation of peroxides in sorbitan monooleate and monostearate. PubMed: Influence of surface-active food additives on the integrity and permeability of rat intestinal mucosa. PubMed: Experimental Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in lambs. PubMed: Purification and characterization of the tween-hydrolyzing esterase of Mycobacterium smegmatis. PubMed: Mycobacteriocins produced by rapidly growing mycobacteria are Tween-hydrolyzing esterases. PubMed: Allergic contact dermatitis to sorbitan monooleate (Span 80). 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