(+)-nootkatone

(4R,4aS,6R)-4,4a-dimethyl-6-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2(3H)-one

CAS: 4674-50-4 C15 H22 O MW: 218.33954000 citrus citrus

Identification

Name(+)-nootkatone
IUPAC(4R,4aS,6R)-4,4a-dimethyl-6-prop-1-en-2-yl-3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2-one
CAS Number4674-50-4
EINECS225-124-4
FDA UNIIIZ2Y119N4J
Molecular FormulaC15 H22 O
Molecular Weight218.33954000
MDL NumberMFCD00036591
Nikkaji NumberJ14.286G
Beilstein4676969
CoE Number11164

Regulatory

JECFA Food Flavoring1398 (+)-nootkatone
DG SANTE Food Flavourings07.089 (+)-nootkatone
FEMA Number3166
FDANo longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm (SATF)4674-50-4 ; NOOTKATONE
FDA RegulationFDA PART 172 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION

Physical Properties

Appearance white crystals (est)
Assay 93.00 to 100.00 sum of isomers
Food Chemicals Codex Listed No
Specific Gravity 1.00300 to 1.03200 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est). 8.346 to 8.587
Refractive Index 1.51000 to 1.52300 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point 32.00 to 37.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point 125.00 to 130.00 °C. @ 0.50 mm Hg, 73.00 to 103.00 °C. @ 0.80 mm Hg
Acid Value 3.00 max. KOH/g
Vapor Pressure 0.000358 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point > 200.00 °F. TCC ( > 93.33 °C. )
logP (o/w) 3.840 (est)
Soluble in alcohol
Insoluble in water

Cosmetic Information

CosIngcosmetic data
Cosmetic Usesperfuming agents

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Strength medium
Substantivity 236 hour(s) at 20.00 % in dipropylene glycol
Odor Description
at 100.00 %.
Grapefruit, citrus, orange, sweet peely with a woody nuance
characteristic grapefruit, citrus
bright, characteristically grapefruit
A characteristic grapefruit odor with a cedar undertone
citrus, grapefruit, slightly woody
Extremely powerful citrus, grapefruit aroma with a woody top note
Extremely powerful citrus, grapefruit aroma with a woody top note
Extremely powerful citrus, grapefruit aroma with a woody top note
Extremely powerful citrus, grapefruit
Extremely powerful citrus, grapefruit
Grapefruit peel, Citrus, Gardenia, Woody
Odor sample from Bedoukian Research, Inc.
Taste Description
at 20.00 ppm.
grapefruit
Citrus bitterness associated with grapefruit
grapefruit
citrus, grapefruit, orange, bitter

Safety Information

Preferred SDSView
European informationMost important hazard(s):
Oral/Parenteral Toxicityoral-rat LD50 > 8000 mg/kg
Dermal Toxicityskin-rabbit LD50 > 3000 mg/kg
Inhalation ToxicityNot determined

GHS Classification

['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']

Safety in Use

Categoryflavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety AssessmentSearch
IFRA Critical EffectDermal sensitization
IFRA Purity Specificationmin. 98%
fragrance material specificationNootkatone used as a fragrance ingredient should be at least 98% pure, with a melting point of at least 32°C. Lower purity grades may not be used as a fragrance ingredient. Methods for the determination of purity of nootkatone are provided on the IFRA website
Recommendation for (+)-nootkatone usage levels up to2.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU)130.00 (μg/capita/day)
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA)20.00 (μg/capita/day)
Threshold of Concern540 (μg/person/day)
Structure ClassII
baked goods-
beverages(nonalcoholic)-
beverages(alcoholic)-
breakfast cereal-
cheese-
chewing gum-
condiments / relishes-
confectionery froastings-
egg products-
fats / oils-
fish products-
frozen dairy-
fruit ices-
gelatins / puddings-
granulated sugar-
gravies-
hard candy-
imitation dairy-
instant coffee / tea-
jams / jellies-
meat products-
milk products-
nut products-
other grains-
poultry-
processed fruits-
processed vegetables-
reconstituted vegetables-
seasonings / flavors-
snack foods-
soft candy-
soups-
sugar substitutes-
sweet sauces-

Augustus Oils Ltd

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Axxence Aromatic GmbH

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Bedoukian Research, Inc.

Perfecting the Art of Chemistry

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Berje Inc.

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Excellentia International

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FCI SAS

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Fleurchem, Inc.

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FRUTAROM USA INC,

Flavor & Specialty Ingredients

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Indukern, S.A. F&F Ingredients Division

Commitment to quality

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Jiangyin Healthway International Trade Co., Ltd

Independent Ingredients Supplier

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Lluch Essence S.L.

A family company dedicated to sales and distribution

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M&U International LLC

Steady supply & demand

Meeting customers increasing demands at home as well as abroad.

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Moellhausen S.P.A.

THE CHEMISTRY OF EMOTIONS

Innovation and commitment in the name of excellence.

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O'Laughlin Industries Inc.

Manufacturer of chemicals and ingredients used in flavors, fragrances, food, beverages and cosmetics

Leading the Flavor and Fragrance Industry since 1980.

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Penta International Corporation

Chemistry innovation

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Prodasynth

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Chemical specialist in manufacturing, distributing and sourcing of tailor-made ingredients for the Flavour & Fragrance industry.

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Sigma-Aldrich

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Synerzine, Inc.

Innovation. Customization. Aroma Ingredients.

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The Lermond Company

Your Sourcing Resource

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R C Treatt and Co Ltd

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Vigon International

Passion for Simplicity

Manufacturer and supplier of high quality flavor and fragrance ingredients.

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Potential Uses

FR abronia FR agrumen aldehyde FR aldehydic FR almond FR alpine bouquet FR amaryllis FR apple FR apple blossom FR crabapple FR apricot FR ash mountain ash berry FR bergamot FR blackberry FR blue grass FR blue mist FR bouquet FR bramble arctic bramble blackberry FR cabreuva wood FR calamus oil replacer FR cherry blossom FL cherry wild cherry FR chypre FL/FR cilantro FR citrus FL cloudberry bakeapple FR cologne FR colonia FR crabapple blossom FR cranberry FL curacao FR daffodil FR elder berry FR fig FR fir needle oil replacer fixer FR florida breeze FR forest FR freesia FR fresh and clean FR gardenia FL ginger ale FR gooseberry FR grapefruit FR heather FR herbal FR hibiscus FR hinoki oil replacer FR kumquat FR lemon FR linden flower FR lotus FR mandarin FR melissa oil replacer FR mock orange FL necterine FR neroli FR orange FL/FR orange bitter orange peel FR orange blossom FR papaya FR passion fruit FR pear FR petitgrain FL/FR petitgrain bergamot petitgrain FL/FR petitgrain mandarin oil replacer FR petitgrain orange petitgrain FL/FR petitgrain tangerine petitgrain FR pine FR pineapple FR pomegranate FR rhubarb rose wild rose FR saffron FR spice FR spring rain FR stephanotis FR tangerine FL tea FL tropical FR verbena watercress nasturtium FR woody

Natural Occurrence

bergamot oil @ 0.010-0.095% Data bergamot oil @ trace% Data bergamot peel blood orange oil (citrus sinensis l. var. sanguinello) italy @ 0.036% Data blood orange oil (citrus sinensis l. var. tarocco) italy @ 0.014% Data blood orange oil italy @ 0.022% Data grapefruit grapefruit oil c.p. @ 0.07% Data grapefruit oil c.p. @ 0.13% Data grapefruit oil c.p. @ 0.26% Data grapefruit oil c.p. italy @ 0.54% Data grapefruit oil c.p. russia @ 0.10% Data grapefruit oil c.p. russia @ 0.18% Data grapefruit oil c.p. russia @ 0.18% Data grapefruit oil c.p. russia @ 0.35% Data grapefruit oil california @ 0.60% Data grapefruit oil CO2 extract @ 5.19% Data lemon lime mandarin oil uruguay @ 0.01% Data mikan peel oil @ 0.03% Data orange fruit orange oil terpeneless @ 1.40% Data orange peel oil sweet c.p. blond italy @ 0.011% Data orange peel oil sweet c.p. blond italy @ 0.013% Data orange peel oil sweet c.p. blond italy @ 0.014% Data orange peel oil sweet c.p. blond italy @ 0.018% Data orange peel oil sweet c.p. blond italy @ 0.029% Data orange peel oil sweet c.p. florida @ 0.01% Data orange peel oil sweet c.p. valencia @ 0.01% Data tangerine fruit valerian root oil CO2 extract china @ 26.56% Data wormwood oil annus france @ 0.00-0.82% Data

Synonyms

(+)-4a,5- dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahydro-7-keto-3-isopropenyl naphthalene 4alpha,5- dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4alpha,5,6,7-octahydro-7-keto-3-isopropenyl naphthalene (4R,4aS,6R)-4,4a- dimethyl-6-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2(3H)-one (4R,4aS,6R)-4,4a- dimethyl-6-prop-1-en-2-yl-3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2-one (+)-5,6- dimethyl-8-isopropenyl bicyclo(4.4.0)dec-1-en-3-one 4betaH,5alpha- eremophila-1(10),11-dien-2-one 1(10),11- eremophiladien-2-one (4R- (4alpha,4aalpha,6beta))- 4,4a,5,6,7,8- hexahydro-4,4a-dimethyl-6-(1-methyl vinyl) naphthalen-2(3H)-one 4,4a,5,6,7,8- hexahydro-6-isopropenyl-4,4a-dimethyl-2(3H)-naphthalenone 4,4alpha,5,6,7,8- hexahydro-6-isopropenyl-4,4alpha-dimethyl-2,3H-naphthalenone 2(3H)- naphthalenone, 4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,4a-dimethyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-, (4R,4aS,6R)- nootkatone 50-60% ex-valencene nootkatone 50% (ex-grapefruit oil) (natural) nootkatone 55-60% nootkatone 65-70% nootkatone 65-70% ex grapefruit natural nootkatone 65/70% (ex grapefruit oil) (natural) nootkatone 80-85% ex-valencene nootkatone 90-95% nootkatone 98% crystals nootkatone crystals nootkatone crystals, natural nootkatone distilled 50% nootkatone ex citrus 50% (natural) nootkatone ex citrus 70% (natural) nootkatone ex grapefruit (natural) nootkatone ex-citrus 50% natural nootkatone ex-citrus 70% natural nootkatone, 50 - 60%, natural nootkatone, 60 - 70%, natural nootkatone, 70 - 80%, natural nootkatone, 80 - 85%, natural nootkatone, 85 - 87%, natural (4R,4aS,6R)-6-iso propenyl-4,4a-dimethyl-4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-3H-naphthalen-2-one Perfumer & Flavorist: Molecule of the Month: Nootkatone US Patents: 6,200,786 - Process for the preparation of nootkatone by laccase catalysis PubMed: Production of the sesquiterpenoid (+)-nootkatone by metabolic engineering of Pichia pastoris. PubMed: Different Accumulation Profiles of Multiple Components Between Pericarp and Seed of Alpinia oxyphylla Capsular Fruit as Determined by UFLC-MS/MS. PubMed: (+)-Nootkatone inhibits tumor necrosis factor α/interferon γ-induced production of chemokines in HaCaT cells. PubMed: Valencene oxidase CYP706M1 from Alaska cedar (Callitropsis nootkatensis). PubMed: Valencene synthase from the heartwood of Nootka cypress (Callitropsis nootkatensis) for biotechnological production of valencene. PubMed: Modification of valencene by bio- and chemical transformation. PubMed: Quantitative analysis of the major constituents in Chinese medicinal preparation SuoQuan formulae by ultra fast high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. PubMed: Ready access to functionally embellished cis-hydrindanes and cis-decalins: protecting group-free total syntheses of (±)-Nootkatone and (±)-Noreremophilane. PubMed: Anti-diarrheal constituents of Alpinia oxyphylla. PubMed: Challenges and pitfalls of P450-dependent (+)-valencene bioconversion by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PubMed: Compositions of the volatile oils of Citrus macroptera and C. maxima. PubMed: Characterisation of commercial aromatised vinegars: phenolic compounds, volatile composition and antioxidant activity. PubMed: Efficacy and environmental persistence of nootkatone for the control of the blacklegged tick (Acari: Ixodidae) in residential landscapes. PubMed: HPTLC and reverse phase HPLC methods for the simultaneous quantification and in vitro screening of antioxidant potential of isolated sesquiterpenoids from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus. PubMed: Efficacy of plant-derived and synthetic compounds on clothing as repellents against Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae). PubMed: Experimental use of two standard tick collection methods to evaluate the relative effectiveness of several plant-derived and synthetic repellents against Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae). PubMed: Functional expression of a valencene dioxygenase from Pleurotus sapidus in E. coli. PubMed: A formulation to encapsulate nootkatone for tick control. PubMed: CYP264B1 from Sorangium cellulosum So ce56: a fascinating norisoprenoid and sesquiterpene hydroxylase. PubMed: A-Z of nutritional supplements: dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance--Part 27. PubMed: Toxic effects of Citrus aurantium and C. limon essential oils on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PubMed: (+)-Nootkatone and (+)-valencene from rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus increase survival rates in septic mice due to heme oxygenase-1 induction. PubMed: Biologically important eremophilane sesquiterpenes from alaska cedar heartwood essential oil and their semi-synthetic derivatives. PubMed: Suppression of host-seeking Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) nymphs after dual applications of plant-derived acaricides in New Jersey. PubMed: Susceptibility of four tick species, Amblyomma americanum, Dermacentor variabilis, Ixodes scapularis, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae), to nootkatone from essential oil of grapefruit. PubMed: Determination of volatile, phenolic, organic acid and sugar components in a Turkish cv. Dortyol (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) orange juice. PubMed: [Study on quality standards of decoction pieces of salt Alpinia]. PubMed: Anti-allergic activity of sesquiterpenes from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus. PubMed: Microbial transformation of (+)-nootkatone and the antiproliferative activity of its metabolites. PubMed: Antiplatelet effects of Cyperus rotundus and its component (+)-nootkatone. PubMed: Chemical composition and cytotoxicity of oils and eremophilanes derived from various parts of Eremophila mitchellii Benth. (Myoporaceae). PubMed: Mode of action for natural products isolated from essential oils of two trees is different from available mosquito adulticides. PubMed: A chicory cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase CYP71AV8 for the oxidation of (+)-valencene. PubMed: Structural requirements for repellency: norsesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenoid derivatives of nootkatone against the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). PubMed: Catalytic oxidation of concentrated orange oil phase by synthetic metallic complexes biomimetic to MMO enzyme. PubMed: Nootkatone, a characteristic constituent of grapefruit, stimulates energy metabolism and prevents diet-induced obesity by activating AMPK. PubMed: Isolation and purification of nootkatone from the essential oil of fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel by high-speed counter-current chromatography. PubMed: Ability of two natural products, nootkatone and carvacrol, to suppress Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) in a Lyme disease endemic area of New Jersey. PubMed: A dioxygenase of Pleurotus sapidus transforms (+)-valencene regio-specifically to (+)-nootkatone via a stereo-specific allylic hydroperoxidation. PubMed: Genome mining in Sorangium cellulosum So ce56: identification and characterization of the homologous electron transfer proteins of a myxobacterial cytochrome P450. PubMed: An efficient and economic asymmetric synthesis of (+)-nootkatone, tetrahydronootkatone, and derivatives. PubMed: Regioselective biooxidation of (+)-valencene by recombinant E. coli expressing CYP109B1 from Bacillus subtilis in a two-liquid-phase system. PubMed: Nootkatone--a biotechnological challenge. PubMed: [GC-MS analysis of volatile constituents from five different kinds of Chinese eaglewood]. PubMed: Biotransformation of terpenoids by mammals, microorganisms, and plant-cultured cells. PubMed: Repellent activity of fractioned compounds from Chamaecyparis nootkatensis essential oil against nymphal Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae). PubMed: Volatile constituents of redblush grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) and pummelo (Citrus grandis) peel essential oils from Kenya. PubMed: Changes in heartwood chemistry of dead yellow-cedar trees that remain standing for 80 years or more in southeast Alaska. PubMed: Highly efficient production of nootkatone, the grapefruit aroma from valencene, by biotransformation. PubMed: Biotransformation of citrus aromatics nootkatone and valencene by microorganisms. PubMed: Use of novel compounds for pest control: insecticidal and acaricidal activity of essential oil components from heartwood of Alaska yellow cedar. PubMed: Bioconversion of (+)-valencene in submerged cultures of the ascomycete Chaetomium globosum. PubMed: Biotransformation of the sesquiterpene (+)-valencene by cytochrome P450cam and P450BM-3. PubMed: Toxicity and behavioral effects of nootkatone, 1,10-dihydronootkatone, and tetrahydronootkatone to the formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). PubMed: Structure-activity of valencenoid derivatives and their repellence to the Formosan subterranean termite. PubMed: Induction of apoptosis by Citrus paradisi essential oil in human leukemic (HL-60) cells. PubMed: Citrus fruit flavor and aroma biosynthesis: isolation, functional characterization, and developmental regulation of Cstps1, a key gene in the production of the sesquiterpene aroma compound valencene. PubMed: The sesquiterpenoid nootkatone and the absolute configuration of a dibromo derivative. PubMed: [Grapefruit juice and drugs: a hazardous combination?]. PubMed: Comparative effects of vetiver oil, nootkatone and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate on Coptotermes formosanus and its symbiotic fauna. PubMed: Absolute stereostructures of three new sesquiterpenes from the fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla with inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production and degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells. PubMed: Use of nootkatone as a senescence indicator for Rouge La Toma Cv. grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.). PubMed: Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity by essential oil from Citrus paradisi. PubMed: Aroma composition changes in early season grapefruit juice produced from thermal concentration. PubMed: Modulation of radioligand binding to the GABA(A)-benzodiazepine receptor complex by a new component from Cyperus rotundus. PubMed: Efficacy of vetiver oil and nootkatone as soil barriers against Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). PubMed: Nootkatone is a repellent for Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus). PubMed: Determination of Key Flavor Components in Methylene Chloride Extracts from Processed Grapefruit Juice. PubMed: Insecticidal sesquiterpene from Alpinia oxyphylla against Drosophila melanogaster. PubMed: Inhibition selectivity of grapefruit juice components on human cytochromes P450. PubMed: Grapefruit gland oil composition is affected by wax application, storage temperature, and storage time. PubMed: Effect of ethylene on naringin, narirutin and nootkatone accumulation in grapefruit. PubMed: Accumulation of the sesquiterpenes nootkatone and valencene by callus cultures of Citrus paradisi, Citrus limonia and Citrus aurantium. PubMed: Anti-ulcer effect in rats of bitter cardamon constituents. PubMed: Terpenoid biotransformation in mammals. IV Biotransformation of (+)-longifolene, (-)-caryophyllene, (-)-caryophyllene oxide, (-)-cyclocolorenone, (+)-nootkatone, (-)-elemol, (-)-abietic acid and (+)-dehydroabietic acid in rabbits. PubMed: Regioselective biotransformation of valencene in cell suspension cultures of Citrus sp.