echimidine
[(7R,8R)-7-[(Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolizin-1-yl]methyl (2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3-methylbutanoate
Identification
| Name | echimidine |
| CAS Number | 520-68-3 |
| FDA UNII | 31NEL09379 |
| Molecular Formula | C20 H31 N O7 |
| Molecular Weight | 397.46847000 |
| Nikkaji Number | J867.787E |
Regulatory
Physical Properties
| Assay | 95.00 to 100.00 |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed | No |
| Soluble in | water, 334.1 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
No sensory data available
Safety Information
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity | Not determined |
| Dermal Toxicity | Not determined |
| Inhalation Toxicity | Not determined |
GHS Classification
['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']
Safety in Use
| Category | natural substances and extractives |
| Recommendation for echimidine usage levels up to | not for fragrance use. |
| Recommendation for echimidine flavor usage levels up to | not for flavor use. |
No supplier data available
Potential Uses
Natural Occurrence
Synonyms
[(7R,8R)-7-[(Z)-2-
methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolizin-1-yl]methyl (2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3-methylbutanoate
PubMed:
Toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids provide a warning sign to overuse of the ethnomedicine Arnebia benthamii.
PubMed:
Development and validation of a QuEChERS method coupled to liquid chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry to determine pyrrolizidine and tropane alkaloids in honey.
PubMed:
A 28-day oral toxicity study of echimidine and lasiocarpine in Wistar rats.
PubMed:
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Echium confusum Coincy.
PubMed:
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids from Echium vulgare in Honey Originate Primarily from Floral Nectar.
PubMed:
Metabolic Profiling of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Foliage of Two Echium spp. Invaders in Australia--A Case of Novel Weapons?
PubMed:
Quantification of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in North American plants and honey by LC-MS: single laboratory validation.
PubMed:
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food and feed on the Belgian market.
PubMed:
Disturbance of gene expression in primary human hepatocytes by hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids: A whole genome transcriptome analysis.
PubMed:
Development of a fast isocratic LC-MS/MS method for the high-throughput analysis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Australian honey.
PubMed:
Structure-activity relationship in the passage of different pyrrolizidine alkaloids through the gastrointestinal barrier: ABCB1 excretes heliotrine and echimidine.
PubMed:
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids: their occurrence in Spanish honey collected from purple viper's bugloss (Echium spp.).
PubMed:
Dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids in two Cryptantha species: including two new open chain diesters one of which is amphoteric.
PubMed:
Comparison of metabolism-mediated effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in a HepG2/C3A cell-S9 co-incubation system and quantification of their glutathione conjugates.
PubMed:
Metabolism, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of comfrey.
PubMed:
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in honey: comparison of analytical methods.
PubMed:
Determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in comfrey by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
PubMed:
Metabolic activation of herbal and dietary constituents and its clinical and toxicological implications: an update.
PubMed:
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids of Echium vulgare honey found in pure pollen.
PubMed:
On-line structure characterization of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Onosma stellulatum and Emilia coccinea by liquid chromatography-ion-trap mass spectrometry.
PubMed:
Analysis of herbal teas made from the leaves of comfrey (Symphytum officinale): reduction of N-oxides results in order of magnitude increases in the measurable concentration of pyrrolizidine alkaloids.
PubMed:
Isolation of symlandine from the roots of common comfrey (Symphytum officinale) using countercurrent chromatography.
PubMed:
Toxicity of dietary Heliotropium dolosum seed to mice.
PubMed:
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Echium rauwolfii and Echium horridum (Boraginaceae).
PubMed:
[II1: TLC and HPLC-Analysis of Pyrrolizidine-N-oxid Alkaloids of Symphyti Radix].