dextro,laevo-lysine

DL-alpha,epsilon-diaminocaproic acid

CAS: 70-54-2 C6 H14 N2 O2 MW: 146.18998000

Identification

Namedextro,laevo-lysine
IUPAC2,6-diaminohexanoic acid
CAS Number70-54-2
EINECS200-740-6
FDA UNIIAI4RT59273
Molecular FormulaC6 H14 N2 O2
Molecular Weight146.18998000
MDL NumberMFCD00064432
Nikkaji NumberJ1.280G
Beilstein1616991
CoE Number11947
XlogP3-3.00 (est)

Regulatory

DG SANTE Food Flavourings17.013 DL-lysine

Physical Properties

Appearance white crystals (est)
Assay 98.50 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed No
Melting Point 218.00 to 224.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point 311.54 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point 288.00 °F. TCC ( 142.22 °C. )
logP (o/w) -0.734 (est)
Soluble in alcohol, slightly

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Strength none
Odor Description odorless

Safety Information

Preferred SDSView
European informationMost important hazard(s):
Oral/Parenteral ToxicityNot determined
Dermal ToxicityNot determined
Inhalation ToxicityNot determined

GHS Classification

['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']

Safety in Use

Categoryspecial dietary and nutritional additives
Recommendation for dextro,laevo-lysine usage levels up tonot for fragrance use.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU)0.24 (μg/capita/day)
Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI)23000 (μg/person/day)
Threshold of Concern1800 (μg/person/day)
Structure ClassI
Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0)-
Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0)-
Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0)-
Processed fruit (04.1)-
Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2)-
Confectionery (05.0)-
Chewing gum (05.3)-
Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0)-
Bakery wares (07.0)-
Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0)-
Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0)-
Eggs and egg products (10.0)-
Sweeteners, including honey (11.0)-
Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0)-
Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0)-
Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1)70.00000
Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2)-
Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0)-
Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0)-

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Potential Uses

antistatic agents biological additives

Natural Occurrence

not found in nature

Synonyms

(±)-2,6- diaminocaproic acid dextro,laevo-alpha,epsilon- diaminocaproic acid DL-alpha,epsilon- diaminocaproic acid (±)-2,6- diaminohexanoic acid 2,6- diaminohexanoic acid (±)- lysine DL- lysine DL- lysine base DL- lysine monohydrate PubMed: Influence of the lysine on the calcium oxalate renal calculi. PubMed: Preparation of hierarchical mesocrystalline DL-lysine·HCl-poly(acrylic acid) hybrid thin films. PubMed: Swelling-shrinking behavior of chemically cross-linked polypeptide gels from poly(α-L-lysine), poly(α-DL-lysine), poly(ɛ-L-lysine) and thermally prepared poly(lysine): effects of pH, temperature and additives in the solution. PubMed: Effects of Danshensu on maternal syndrome in phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylcholine microvesicle induced-mouse model: is it a candidate for preeclampsia remedy? PubMed: Purification and characterization of a clostripain-like protease from a recombinant Clostridium perfringens culture. PubMed: [Screening and breeding of high lysine-producing strains by genome shuffling]. PubMed: Reinvestigation on the buildup mechanism of alternate multilayers consisting of poly(L-glutamic acid) and poly(L-, D-, and DL-lysines). PubMed: [Effect of Huaisanzhen on central analgesic transmitters in the rat of the nerve root pain caused by protrusion of lumbar intervertebra disc]. PubMed: Peptides with regular enantiomeric sequences: a wide class of modular self-assembling architectures. PubMed: X-ray studies of crystalline complexes involving amino acids and peptides. XLIV. Invariant features of supramolecular association and chiral effects in the complexes of arginine and lysine with tartaric acid. PubMed: [Clinical observation on ankle-three-needle for treatment of nerve root pain of prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc]. PubMed: Structures of palmitoyl-L and DL-lysine monolayers at the air-water interface--polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopic study. PubMed: [Interrelation between thrombin structure and its stability]. PubMed: X-ray studies of crystalline complexes involving amino acids and peptides. XLIII. Adipic acid complexes of L- and DL-lysine. PubMed: [Clinical study on analgesic effect of Huaisanzhen on the nerve root pain due to prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc]. PubMed: The controlled evolution of a polymer single crystal. PubMed: A locking mechanism preventing radical damage in the absence of substrate, as revealed by the x-ray structure of lysine 5,6-aminomutase. PubMed: X-ray studies on crystalline complexes involving amino acids and peptides. XLI. Commonalities in aggregation and conformation revealed by the crystal structures of the pimelic acid complexes of L-arginine and DL-lysine. PubMed: Kinetic and biochemical analysis of the mechanism of action of lysine 5,6-aminomutase. PubMed: Comparative pharmacokinetics of salicylate in camels, sheep and goats. PubMed: Novel stachyflin derivatives from Stachybotrys sp. RF-7260. Fermentation, isolation, structure elucidation and biological activities. PubMed: X-ray studies on crystalline complexes involving amino acids and peptides. XXXVII. Novel aggregation patterns and effect of chirality in the complexes of DL- and L-lysine with glutaric acid. PubMed: Electron transfer in the substrate-dependent suicide inactivation of lysine 5,6-aminomutase. PubMed: The pharmacokinetics and effects of intravenously administered carprofen and salicylate on gastrointestinal mucosa and selected biochemical measurements in healthy cats. PubMed: Direct thin layer chromatography enantioresolution of some basic DL-amino acids using a pharmaceutical industry waste as chiral impregnating reagent. PubMed: An improved method for the microscale preparation and characterization of hapten-protein conjugates: the use of cholesterol as a model for nonchromophore hydroxylated haptens. PubMed: [The prevention of thrombus formation and the improvement of the blood rheological properties during operations with a microsurgical technic. I. The possibilities for using acelysin--an acetylsalicylic acid derivative]. PubMed: Purification and characterization of a trypsin-like protease from the culture supernatant of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4. PubMed: An improved method for the production of antibodies to lipophilic carboxylic hapten using small amount of hapten-carrier conjugate. PubMed: X-ray studies on crystalline complexes involving amino acids and peptides. XXXII. Effect of chirality on ionisation state, stoichiometry and aggregation in the complexes of oxalic acid with DL- and L-lysine. PubMed: Role of nitric oxide in desmopressin-induced vasodilation of microperfused rabbit afferent arterioles. PubMed: Determination of furosine in hair by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. PubMed: Epileptogenic activity induced by combined treatment with antiinflammatory drugs and enoxacin and its inhibition by a calcium antagonist, nicardipine. PubMed: The pharmacokinetics of salicylate in dairy cattle are not altered by simultaneous intravenous ceftiofur sodium and DL-lysine-acetyl salicylate (aspirin). PubMed: Biological and antigenic characterization of three BApNA-hydrolyzing proteases from the culture supernatant of Porphyromonas gingivalis. PubMed: Nitric oxide and prostacyclin modulate the alterations in cardiac action potential duration mediated by platelets during ischaemia. PubMed: Effects of angiotensin II on isolated rabbit afferent arterioles. PubMed: [A case of aspirin-induced cough without bronchoconstriction. A new type of aspirin hypersensitivity]. PubMed: Effects of aspirin DL-lysine on thrombin generation in unstable angina pectoris. PubMed: [A case of asthma relieved by aspirin--the first case in Japan and investigation of its mechanism]. PubMed: Critical degree of renal arterial stenosis that causes hypertension in dogs. PubMed: Putative mechanism of hypotensive action of platelet-activating factor in dogs. PubMed: Aspirin injection test to predict angioplasty outcome in unilateral renovascular hypertension: preliminary report. PubMed: X-ray studies on crystalline complexes involving amino acids and peptides. XXIII. Variability in ionization state, conformation and molecular aggregation in the complexes of succinic acid with DL- and L-lysine. PubMed: Aspirin test for differentiation of unilateral renovascular hypertension from hyperreninemic essential hypertension. PubMed: Prevention of postanesthetic shivering with intravenous administration of aspirin. PubMed: [Effects of beta-adrenoceptor-related agents on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and relation with cyclic AMP and prostaglandins]. PubMed: Disposition of single-dose intravenous and oral aspirin in children. PubMed: Differential effects of endothelin-1 and big endothelin on canine kidneys. PubMed: Improvement of radioactive colloid binding by tumor cells. PubMed: Contribution of prostacyclin to D-tubocurarine-induced hypotension in humans. PubMed: Aspirin lowers blood pressure in patients with renovascular hypertension. PubMed: X-ray studies on crystalline complexes involving amino acids and peptides. Part XX. Crystal structures of DL-arginine acetate monohydrate and DL-lysine acetate and a comparison with the corresponding L-amino acid complexes. PubMed: Enhancement of colloid uptake by tumor cell surface electrical charge modification. PubMed: [Pharmacological studies of a non-steroidal analgesic and antipyretic drug of LFP83]. PubMed: Hypocalcemic action of the several types of salicylic acid analogues. PubMed: [A new method of diagnosis of aspirin-induced asthma by inhalation test with water-soluble aspirin (aspirin DL-lysine, Venopirin]. PubMed: [Effects of aspirin DL-lysine on bone wound healing and bone growth in rats]. PubMed: Studies on the enzymatic hydrolysis of amino acid carbamates. PubMed: Purification and characterization of a protease from Bacteroides gingivalis 381. PubMed: In vitro neutralization of heparin in plasma prior to the activated partial thromboplastin time test: an assessment of four heparin antagonists and two anion exchange resins. PubMed: Trypsin-like enzyme from Streptomyces 771. Purification and properties of native and immobilized enzyme. PubMed: Anesthetic-protein interaction. Random versus helix polylysine monolayers and interaction with 1-alkanols. PubMed: Photoreaction of poly(amino acid)s containing thymine moieties as side groups. PubMed: Alteration of lymphocyte function by quinones through a sulfhydryl-dependent disruption of microtubule assembly. PubMed: delta1-piperideine-2-carboxylate reductase of Pseudomonas putida. PubMed: The use of a tritium release assay to measure 6-N-trimethyl-L-lysine hydroxylase activity: synthesis of 6-N-[3-3H]trimethyl-DL-lysine. PubMed: Mode of binding and internalization into mouse macrophages of heparin complexed with polycations. PubMed: Excretion of a protease by Serratia marcescens. PubMed: Biochemical studies on sporulation in blue-green algae. III. Effect of amino acids on glycogen accumulation. PubMed: Preparation of L- and D-[1-14C]lysine by the resolution of DL-[1-14 C]lysine. PubMed: [Investigations of the connection between the quality of protein, the protein level and endogenous N-excretion]. PubMed: Differential effect of polycations on uptake and desulphation of heparin. PubMed: A new arylating agent, 2-carboxy-4,6-dinitrochlorobenzene. Reaction with model compounds and bovine pancreatic ribonuclease. PubMed: [Qualitative and quantitative determinations of staphylokinase-activity (author's transl)]. PubMed: Increased uptake and desulphation of heparin by mouse macrophages in the presence of polycations. PubMed: Production of L-lysine by immobilized trypsin. Study of DL-lysine methyl ester resolution. PubMed: Pressure effects on folded proteins in solution. Hydrogen exchange at elevated pressures. PubMed: Potential inhibitors of collagen biosynthesis. 5,5-Difluoro-DL-lysine and 5,5-dimethyl-DL-lysine and their activation by lysyl-tRNA ligase. PubMed: Polybase induced lysis of yeast spheroplasts. A new gentle method for preparation of vacuoles. PubMed: Raman spectra of D and L amino acid copolymers. Poly-DL-alanine, poly-DL-leucine, and poly-DL-lysine. PubMed: Optical resolution of DL-lysine by preferential crystallization procedure. PubMed: Enzymatic hydrolysis of poly-DL-lysine. PubMed: The separation of N- -trifluoroacetyl-DL-lysine from potassium trifluoroactate by liquid chromatography. PubMed: Synthesis of trans-4,5-didehydro-DL-lysine (2,6-diaminohex-4-enoic acid) and of 4-oxo-L-lysine (2,6-diamino-4-oxohexanoic acid). PubMed: The reaction of rat mast cells to polylysine. PubMed: [Synthesis of DL-lysine-6-14C from sodium cyanide-14C and alpha-benzamido-delta-valerolactone]. PubMed: The regulation of pinocytosis in mouse macrophages. II. Factors inducing vesicle formation. PubMed: Effect of high pressure oxygen on the uptake of DL-lysine-H3 by brain and other tissues of the rat. PubMed: Amino Acid and vitamin requirements of several bacteroides strains. PubMed: Metabolism of DL-lysine-2- and -6-14C in rats and dogs. PubMed: DL-Lysine-H3 uptake in "light" and "dark" neurons of the inferior olivary nucleus of euthyroid and dysthyroidal rats. PubMed: THE UPTAKE OF DL-LYSINE-H-3 INTO THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AS COMPARED WITH OTHER TISSUES IN EUTHYROID AND DYSTHYROIDAL MALE RATS. PubMed: COMPARATIVE UPTAKE OF DL-LYSINE-H3 BY NORMAL AND REGENERATIVE HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE CELLS IN EUTHYROID, HYPOTHYROID AND HYPERTHYROID MALE RATS. PubMed: SYNTHESIS OF N6,N6-BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL)-DL-LYSINE. PubMed: STABILIZATION OF PERTUSSIS VACCINE IN THE PRESENCE OF BENZETHONIUM CHLORIDE. PubMed: Studies on acylase activity and microorganisms. XVIII. A strain of soil bacteria capable of resolving lysine by its metabolism on N2-benzoyl or N2-phenacyl derivative of N6-benzoyl-DL-lysine. PubMed: [DL-LYSINE (monochloride)]. PubMed: On the formation of 5-hydroxypipecolic acid from 5-hydroxy-DL-lysine. PubMed: Incorporation of DL-lysine-2-C14 into melanin pigment of turkey poult feathers. PubMed: [Preliminary note on the double supplementation of corn farine by dl-lysine and aureomycin]. PubMed: [Evaluation of protein supplementation of cereals by DL-lysine and significance of the need of indispensable amino acids]. PubMed: [Double limitation of the protide efficacy by deficiency or excess of the same indispensable amino acid demonstrated by the ability of dl-lysine to supplement corn or wheat gluten]. PubMed: Enzymic synthesis of acyllysine anilides. II. Optical resolution of DL-lysine. PubMed: [New synthesis of DL-lysine]. PubMed: Nitrogen balance of adult rats fed diets low in L- and DL-lysine, or devoid of arginine. PubMed: Conversion of plasma protein to tissue protein without evidence of protein breakdown; results of giving plasma protein labeled with carbon 14 parenterally to dogs. PubMed: Hemoglobin labeled by radioactive lysine; erythrocyte life cycle. PubMed: Amino acids; a new synthesis of dl-lysine. PubMed: The synthesis of DL-lysine with C14 in the epsilon position. PubMed: AMINO ACID MIXTURES EFFECTIVE PARENTERALLY FOR LONG CONTINUED PLASMA PROTEIN PRODUCTION. CASEIN DIGESTS COMPARED. PubMed: The availability of in-acetyl-d-lysine and in-methyl-dl-lysine for growth.