Identification

Namemethyl butyrate
IUPACmethyl butanoate
CAS Number623-42-7
EINECS210-792-1
FDA UNIICGX598508O
Molecular FormulaC5 H10 O2
Molecular Weight102.13310000
MDL NumberMFCD00009391
Nikkaji NumberJ45.010C
Beilstein1740743
CoE Number263
XlogP31.30 (est)

Regulatory

JECFA Food Flavoring149 methyl butyrate
DG SANTE Food Flavourings09.038 methyl butyrate
FEMA Number2693
FDANo longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm (SATF)623-42-7 ; METHYL BUTYRATE
FDA RegulationFDA PART 172 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION

Physical Properties

Appearance colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed Yes
Specific Gravity 0.89300 to 0.89900 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est). 7.431 to 7.481
Refractive Index 1.38500 to 1.39000 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point -85.80 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point 102.00 to 103.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg, 33.00 to 34.00 °C. @ 50.00 mm Hg
Acid Value 1.00 max. KOH/g
Vapor Pressure 31.136000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Vapor Density 3.5 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point 53.00 °F. TCC ( 11.67 °C. )
logP (o/w) 1.290
Soluble in alcohol

Cosmetic Information

CosIngcosmetic data
Cosmetic Usesperfuming agents

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Description
at 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol.
at 1.00 %.
FRUITY, APPLE
Taste Description at 10.00 ppm.

Safety Information

Preferred SDSView
European informationMost important hazard(s):
Human Experience8 % solution: no irritation or sensitization.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicityoral-rat LD50 > 5000 mg/kg
Dermal Toxicityskin-rabbit LD50 3560 mg/kg
Inhalation Toxicityinhalation-mouse LC50 18000 mg/m3/2H

GHS Classification

['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']

Safety in Use

Categoryflavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety AssessmentSearch
Recommendation for methyl butyrate usage levels up to2.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU)220.00 (μg/capita/day)
baked goods48.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic)-
beverages(alcoholic)-
breakfast cereal-
cheese-
chewing gum-
condiments / relishes-
confectionery froastings-
egg products-
fats / oils-
fish products-
frozen dairy-
fruit ices-
gelatins / puddings-
granulated sugar-
gravies-
hard candy-
imitation dairy-
instant coffee / tea-
jams / jellies-
meat products-
milk products-
nut products-
other grains-
poultry-
processed fruits-
processed vegetables-
reconstituted vegetables-
seasonings / flavors-
snack foods-
soft candy-
soups-
sugar substitutes-
sweet sauces-

Advanced Biotech. Inc.

Inspired by Nature

A diverse range of products, all meeting our stringent commitment to quality.

View All Website 973-339-6242 info@adv-bio.com

Alfrebro LLC/ Archer Daniels Midland Company

Let's get reacquainted

Building great taste with aroma chemicals, extracts, and distillates

View All Website 513-539-7373 sforbis@alfrebro.com

Augustus Oils Ltd

The Premier Supplier

Augustus Oils Ltd, in harmony with nature - to present it at its best...

View All Website +44 (0)1420 590555 essentials@augustus-oils.ltd.uk

Axxence Aromatic GmbH

We bring nature to your flavour

Dedicated to provide the best possible quality and supply service of natural aroma ingredients.

View All Website +49.2822.68561.0 service@axxence.com

Beijing Lys Chemicals Co, LTD.

From Grams to Tons

Fine chemical high-tech company which contains R&D, production, and sales.

View All Website 86-10-68418738 jiayanyong@lyschem.com

Berje Inc.

Where the world comes to its senses

Where the world comes to its senses - Berjé is a global distributor of Essential Oils and Aromatic Chemicals.

View All Website 973-748-8980 tlauzurica@berjeinc.com

Charkit Chemical Corporation

The Specialty Chemical Specialists

Explore this website to discover the products and services that Charkit provides for your industry and please contact us directly to find out how we can be of service to you.

View All Website 203-299-3220 sales@charkit.com

Excellentia International

Ingredients by Nature

Exceptional quality and excellence in meeting our customers requirements.

View All Website 732.749.9840 info@excellentiaint.com

H. Interdonati, Inc.

Innovative products

Because your flavors and fragrances are only as good as their source "Since 1952"

View All Website 800 367-6617 flavorplus@hinterdonati.com

FRUTAROM USA INC,

Flavor & Specialty Ingredients

Your preferred partner for flavour and fragrance success.

View All Website +44 (0) 1429 863 222 Sales.IFFIngredients@iff.com

Indukern, S.A. F&F Ingredients Division

Commitment to quality

Idukern F&F Ingredients is your partner for the fragrance and flavor ingredients.

View All Website +34 93 506 91 00 info@indukern.es

Jiangyin Healthway International Trade Co., Ltd

Independent Ingredients Supplier

We provide custom synthesis and contract manufacturing from milligrams to metric tonnes.

View All Website 86-510-86023169 info@healthwaychem.com

Lluch Essence S.L.

A family company dedicated to sales and distribution

Flexibility, availability, price and quality.

View All Website 34 93 379 38 49 web@lluche.com

M&U International LLC

Steady supply & demand

Meeting customers increasing demands at home as well as abroad.

View All Website 908-359-9000 sales@mu-intel.com

Moellhausen S.P.A.

THE CHEMISTRY OF EMOTIONS

Innovation and commitment in the name of excellence.

View All Website +39 039.685.6262

Natural Advantage

Manufacturer of natural flavor ingredients

With over 25 years experience in the flavor and food ingredient industries.

View All Website 318-215-1456 info@natadv.com

Penta International Corporation

Chemistry innovation

At Penta, our products and services help businesses do business better.

View All Website (973) 740-2300 lisaa@pentamfg.com

Sigma-Aldrich

Complete Supply Chain

The perfect blend of products and services that bring your creativity to life.

View All Website 800-244-1173 ff@sial.com

SRS Aromatics Ltd

For over 25 years

Bringing flavour and fragrance into your world.

View All Website +44 (0) 1284 704076 info@srsaromatics.co.uk

Sunaux International

Buy With Confidence

We have industry leading processes and procedures to ensure nothing but the most reliable product.

View All Website 0512-57995626 johnjft@sunaux.com

Synerzine, Inc.

Innovation. Customization. Aroma Ingredients.

Synerzine is a leading supplier of flavor and fragrance ingredients.

View All Website (404) 524-6744 info@synerzine.com

Taytonn ASCC Pte Ltd

Supplying Asia Pacific

We fully understand the demands of the F&F industry and we endeavour to supply quality products, with ready availability and a personalised service.

View All Website + 65 - 6861 8113 info@taytonnascc.com

TCI AMERICA

Moving Your Chemistry Forward

We continuously strive to advance our technology.

View All Website 1-800-423-8616 Sales-US@TCIchemicals.com;

R C Treatt and Co Ltd

Innovative ingredient solutions

World-leading innovative ingredient solutions provider for the flavour, fragrance and FMCG industries.

View All Website +1 863 668 9500 enquiries@treatt.com

Ernesto Ventós S.A.

Leaders in essence

We employ our five senses to do our job well.

View All Website +1 856 226 7501 info@ventos.com

Vigon International

Passion for Simplicity

Manufacturer and supplier of high quality flavor and fragrance ingredients.

View All Website 570-476-6300 sales@vigon.com

WholeChem, LLC

Connecting Innovators To the Building Blocks Of the Universe

Custom manufacturer and distributor of specialty ingredients. We make global local.

View All Website +1 (262) 995.8668 info@wholechem.com

Potential Uses

FL apple FL banana FL berry mixed berry FL cheese blue cheese FL cheese cheddar cheese FL coffee FL cranberry FR currant feyoa FL fig FL grape FL guava FL huckleberry FR melon FL nut FL olive FL papaya FR passion fruit FL pineapple FL pumpkin FL quince FL raspberry FL rum FL tutti frutti

Natural Occurrence

apple fruit beef PMC bilberry fruit champaca concrete @ trace% Data cheese bleu cheese PMC cheese cheddar cheese PMC coffee PMC cranberry fruit currant black currant fruit feyoa PMC fig fruit grape grapefruit juice guava fruit guava fruit headspace reunion @ 0.10% Data honey PMC kiwi fruit mango fruit melon PMC mushroom PMC orange fruit juice papaya fruit passion fruit pepper PMC pineapple fruit plum fruit strawberry wild strawberry fruit wine

Synonyms

butanoic acid methyl ester butanoic acid, methyl ester butyric acid methyl ester N- butyric acid methyl ester butyric acid, methyl ester methyl butanoate nat. methyl butyrate methyl butyrate (natural) methyl butyrate natural methyl butyrate, natural methyl N-butanoate methyl N-butyrate methyl-butyrate FCC methyl-N-butanoate methylbutanoat Info: Volatile Flavor Components in Bogyojosaeng and Suhong Cultivars of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) PubMed: Quantum Chemical Study of Autoignition of Methyl Butanoate. PubMed: Leucine Modulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis and SIRT1-AMPK Signaling in C2C12 Myotubes. PubMed: Comparative essential oil composition of aerial parts of Tanacetum dumosum Boiss. from Southern Zagros, Iran. PubMed: Theoretical study of the rate constants for the hydrogen atom abstraction reactions of esters with (•)OH radicals. PubMed: Characterization of aroma compounds of Chinese famous liquors by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and flash GC electronic-nose. PubMed: Theoretical and kinetic study of the hydrogen atom abstraction reactions of esters with H(O.)2 radicals. PubMed: Leucine and HMB differentially modulate proteasome system in skeletal muscle under different sarcopenic conditions. PubMed: Medications affecting functional status in older persons. PubMed: Analysis and sensory evaluation of jostaberry (Ribes x nidigrolaria Bauer) volatiles. PubMed: The effectiveness of natural and synthetic immunomodulators in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in dogs. PubMed: Gas signatures from Escherichia coli and Escherichia coli-inoculated human whole blood. PubMed: Redirecting catalysis from proteolysis to perhydrolysis in subtilisin Carlsberg. PubMed: Solvent-Free Synthesis of Flavour Esters through Immobilized Lipase Mediated Transesterification. PubMed: Quantitative analysis of fragrance and odorants released from fresh and decaying strawberries. PubMed: Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. and Abelmoschus moschatus Medik: seeds production and analysis of the volatile compounds. PubMed: Analysis and sensory evaluation of gooseberry (Ribes uva crispa L.) volatiles. PubMed: Reaction pathways for the thermal decomposition of methyl butanoate. PubMed: Characterization of Aronia melanocarpa volatiles by headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), simultaneous distillation/extraction (SDE), and gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) methods. PubMed: Body composition of piglets from sows fed the leucine metabolite β-hydroxy β-methyl butyrate in late gestation. PubMed: Effect of β-hydroxy β-methyl butyrate supplementation of sows in late gestation and lactation on sow production of colostrum and milk and piglet performance. PubMed: Effects of β-hydroxy β-methyl butyrate supplementation to sows in late gestation on absorption and hepatic metabolism of glucose and amino acids during transition. PubMed: High-temperature measurements of the reactions of OH with small methyl esters: methyl formate, methyl acetate, methyl propanoate, and methyl butanoate. PubMed: Identification and quantification of odorous compounds from adhesives used in food packaging materials by headspace solid phase extraction and headspace solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry. PubMed: Synergistic effects of leucine and resveratrol on insulin sensitivity and fat metabolism in adipocytes and mice. PubMed: 1-methylcyclopropene effects on temporal changes of aroma volatiles and phytochemicals of fresh-cut cantaloupe. PubMed: Development and validation of LC-MS/MS method for the estimation of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic studies. PubMed: An in vitro evaluation of the effect of probiotics and prebiotics on the metabolic profile of human microbiota. PubMed: Beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl-butyrate blunts negative age-related changes in body composition, functionality and myofiber dimensions in rats. PubMed: Evaluation of volatiles from two subtropical strawberry cultivars using GC-olfactometry, GC-MS odor activity values, and sensory analysis. PubMed: Headspace-solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometer and to enantioselective gas chromatography for strawberry flavoured food quality control. PubMed: Aroma profile and volatiles odor activity along gold cultivar pineapple flesh. PubMed: Fuel-specific influences on the composition of reaction intermediates in premixed flames of three C5H10O2 ester isomers. PubMed: Key aroma components of a dry-cured sausage with high fat content (sobrassada). PubMed: Effects of gestation and transition diets, piglet birth weight, and fasting time on depletion of glycogen pools in liver and 3 muscles of newborn piglets. PubMed: Comparison of volatile components in Chinese traditional pickled peppers using HS-SPME-GC-MS, GC-O and multivariate analysis. PubMed: RP-HPLC/MS-APCI analysis of branched chain TAG prepared by precursor-directed biosynthesis with Rhodococcus erythropolis. PubMed: Impact of postharvest methyl jasmonate treatment on the volatile composition and flavonol content of strawberries. PubMed: Study on the constituents of Mexican propolis and their cytotoxic activity against PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells. PubMed: Influence of modified atmosphere packaging on volatile compounds and physicochemical and antioxidant attributes of fresh-cut pineapple (Ananas comosus). PubMed: The phenylpropanoids of Aster flaccidus. PubMed: Chemical characterization, antioxidant properties, and volatile constituents of naranjilla (Solanum quitoense Lam.) cultivated in Costa Rica. PubMed: Construction of combustion models for rapeseed methyl ester bio-diesel fuel for internal combustion engine applications. PubMed: Lipoxygenase gene expression in ripening kiwifruit in relation to ethylene and aroma production. PubMed: Comparative analysis of the volatile fraction from Annona cherimola Mill. cultivars by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry detection. PubMed: Kinetic modeling of methyl butanoate in shock tube. PubMed: Inhibition of NF-kappaB-mediated transcription and induction of apoptosis in human breast cancer cells by epoxypseudoisoeugenol-2-methyl butyrate. PubMed: Immobilization of Candida antarctica lipase B by adsorption to green coconut fiber. PubMed: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a beta-hydroxyl beta-methyl butyrate, glutamine, and arginine mixture for the treatment of cancer cachexia (RTOG 0122). PubMed: Wavelength dependence of light-induced lipid oxidation and naturally occurring photosensitizers in cheese. PubMed: A new irreversible enzyme-aided esterification method in organic solvents. PubMed: 3-Mesityl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro-[4.4]non-3-en-4-yl 2-(4-chloro-phen-yl)-3-methyl-butyrate. PubMed: Thermal decomposition of methyl butanoate: ab initio study of a biodiesel fuel surrogate. PubMed: The effects of in ovo feeding arginine, beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl-butyrate, and protein on jejunal digestive and absorptive activity in embryonic and neonatal turkey poults. PubMed: Correlating volatile compounds, sensory attributes, and quality parameters in stored fresh-cut cantaloupe. PubMed: Identification of pig liver esterase variants by tandem mass spectroscopy analysis and their characterization. PubMed: Enthalpies of formation, bond dissociation energies and reaction paths for the decomposition of model biofuels: ethyl propanoate and methyl butanoate. PubMed: Experimental and modeling study of C5H10O2 ethyl and methyl esters. PubMed: [Changes in amino acid and fatty acid contents as well as activity of some related enzymes in apple fruit during aroma production]. PubMed: Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of essential oils from Pimpinella aurea, Pimpinella corymbosa, Pimpinella peregrina and Pimpinella puberula gathered from Eastern and Southern Turkey. PubMed: Parallel synthesis: a new approach for developing analytical internal standards. Application to the analysis of patulin by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PubMed: Dietary toxicity of calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate (CaHMB). PubMed: Flavor release and rheology behavior of strawberry fatfree stirred yogurt during storage. PubMed: Recombinant porcine intestinal carboxylesterase: cloning from the pig liver esterase gene by site-directed mutagenesis, functional expression and characterization. PubMed: Headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of volatile compounds in murici (Byrsonima crassifolia l. Rich). PubMed: Quality assessment of strawberries (Fragaria species). PubMed: Influence of harvest date and light integral on the development of strawberry flavour compounds. PubMed: Gas-phase reactivity of the O=P(OCH3)2+ phosphonium ion with aliphatic esters in a quadrupole ion trap. Spontaneous elimination of ketenes. PubMed: [Separation and identification of thellungianin G from the root of Pimpinella thellungiana Wolff]. PubMed: Studies of the constituents of Uruguayan propolis. PubMed: Studies on taxol biosynthesis. Preparation of taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5 alpha-acetoxy-10 beta-ol by deoxygenation of a taxadiene tetraacetate obtained from Japanese yew. PubMed: Total synthesis of (-)-bafilomycin A(1). PubMed: Volatile compounds of selected strawberry varieties analyzed by purge-and-trap headspace GC-MS. PubMed: Aromatic profile of aqueous banana essence and banana fruit by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O). PubMed: Biotransformation of MTBE, ETBE, and TAME after inhalation or ingestion in rats and humans. PubMed: Olfaction in the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni. II: Response spectra and temporal encoding characteristics of the carbon dioxide receptors. PubMed: Olfaction in the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni. I: Identification of olfactory receptor neuron types responding to environmental odors. PubMed: Dielectric properties of some components of fruit aroma in carbon tetrachloride solution at 298.15 K. PubMed: In vitro effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on cell-mediated immunity in fish. PubMed: Use of creatine and other supplements by members of civilian and military health clubs: a cross-sectional survey. PubMed: Modeling flavor release from aqueous sucrose solutions, using mass transfer and partition coefficients. PubMed: Decyl-thio-trifluoropropanone, a competitive inhibitor of moth pheromone receptors. PubMed: Effect of superficial scald suppression by diphenylamine application on volatile evolution by stored Cortland apple fruit. PubMed: Dietary supplements and the promotion of muscle growth with resistance exercise. PubMed: Assimilation of volatiles from ripe apples by Sporidiobolus salmonicolor and Tilletiopsis washingtonensis. PubMed: Lipoxygenase inhibitors, Part 6. Synthesis of new tetrahydropyrazine and other heterocyclic compounds by reaction of hydrazonoyl chlorides. PubMed: Biochemistry of esterases associated with organophosphate resistance in Lucilia cuprina with comparisons to putative orthologues in other Diptera. PubMed: [Separation and identification of the llungianin A and B from the root of Pimpinella thellungiana Wolff]. PubMed: Cholesterol quantitation by GLC: artifactual formation of short-chain steryl esters. PubMed: Colostral milk fat percentage and pig performance are enhanced by feeding the leucine metabolite beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate to sows. PubMed: Effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate on performance and carcass quality of feedlot steers. PubMed: A cluster of esterase genes on chromosome 3R of Drosophila melanogaster includes homologues of esterase genes conferring insecticide resistance in Lucilia cuprina. PubMed: A note on the identity of porcine liver carboxylesterase and prolyl-beta-naphthylamidase. PubMed: Novel anticancer prodrugs of butyric acid. 2. PubMed: Host-derived volatiles as attractants and pheromone synergists for driedfruit beetleCarpophilus hemipterus. PubMed: Immobilization of lipase from Candida cylindraceae and its use in the synthesis of menthol esters by transesterification. PubMed: Analysis of beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate in plasma by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. PubMed: Influence of protein percentage and degradability on performance of lactating cows during moderate temperature. PubMed: Subcellular localization of non-specific carboxylesterases, acylcarnitine hydrolase, monoacylglycerol lipase and palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase in rat liver. PubMed: Purification of rat kidney carboxylesterase and its comparison with other tissue esterases. PubMed: Net portal absorption of volatile fatty acids and L(+)-lactate by lactating Holstein cows. PubMed: Carboxylesterases in guinea-pig plasma and liver. Tissue specific reactivation by diacetylmonoxime after soman inhibition in vitro. PubMed: Purification and characterization of a carboxylesterase from rabbit liver lysosomes. PubMed: Local anesthetic action of carboxylic esters: evidence for the significance of molecular volume and for the number of sites involved. PubMed: Esterase activities and soman toxicity in developing rat. PubMed: A radiochemical assay method for carboxylesterase, and comparison of enzyme activity towards the substrates methyl [1-14C] butyrate and 4-nitrophenyl butyrate. PubMed: Beclobrinic acid--a new hypolipidemic agent--inhibits in vitro human platelet activation by blocking prostaglandin synthesis. PubMed: Methyl butyrate-hydrolyzing activity of hepatic triglyceride lipase from rat post-heparin plasma. PubMed: Effect of Brij 58 on the hydrolysis of methyl butyrate by lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens. PubMed: Effect of carbon-4 and carbon-5 volatile fatty acids on growth of mixed rumen bacteria in vitro. PubMed: Purification and some properties of intracellular esterase from Pseudomonas fluorescens. PubMed: Ruminal VFA production with steers fed whole or ground corn grain. PubMed: Identification of the chloramphenicol-hydrolyzing enzyme of guinea pig liver as one of the nonspecific carboxylesterases. PubMed: Characteristics of the rumen proteolysis of fraction I (18S) leaf protein from lucerne (Medicago sativa L). PubMed: Effect of alcohols on the hydrolysis catalyzed by human pancreatic carboxylic-ester hydrolase. PubMed: Studies on the substrate specificity of a carboxyl ester hydrolase from human pancreatic juice. I. Action on carboxyl esters, glycerides and phospholipids. PubMed: Adaptation and cross-adaptation to odor stimulation of olfactory receptors in the tiger salamander. PubMed: Candletoxins A and B, 2 new aromatic esters of 12-deoxy-16-hydroxy-phorbol, from the irritant latex of Euphoria poisonii Pax. PubMed: The succulent Euphorbias of Nigeria. II. aliphatic diterpene esters of the latices of E. poisonii Pax. and E. unispina N.E. Br. PubMed: Subcellular fractionation, partial purification and characterization of neutral triacylglycerol lipase from pig liver. PubMed: Studies on lankacidin-group (T-2636) antibiotics. X. Microbial conversion of lankacidin-group antibiotics. PubMed: Quantitative analysis of cholesterol in 5 to 20 microliter of plasma. PubMed: Cell-bound lipase and esterase of Brevibacterium linens. PubMed: Demonstration and function of 2-methyl-butyrate racemase in Ascaris lumbricoides. PubMed: Demonstration and function of 2-methyl-butyrate racemase in Ascaris lumbricoides. PubMed: Lipase from Pseudomonas fragi. II. Properties of the Enzyme. PubMed: Lipase of Mucor pusillus. PubMed: HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES OF RABBIT MONONUCLEAR EXUDATE CELLS. I. QUANTITATIVE ASSAY AND PROPERTIES OF CERTAIN PROTEASES, NON-SPECIFIC ESTERASES, AND LIPASES OF MONONUCLEAR AND POLYMORPHONUCLEAR CELLS AND ERYTHROCYTES. PubMed: The relation of alpha-methyl-butyrate to isoleucine metabolism. II. Propionate formation. PubMed: [Omega oxidation of methyl butyrate]. PubMed: STUDIES ON ENZYME ACTION : XXXV. LIPASE ACTIONS OF EXTRACTS OF TISSUES OF RABBITS AT DIFFERENT AGES.